Practice Questions (Review Sheet) – Chapter 1
1. The study of life is ___Biology______.
2. An individual living thing capable of carrying on life processes is called a(n) ___organism______.
3. Give an example of how an organism maintains homeostasis.
Sweating to stay cool, reptiles move into the sun to regulate their internal temperature, we get rid of wastes, when we run fast we breathe faster to get more oxygen to our tissues.
4. What is the difference between growth and development? (Feel free to use an example of an organism you observed in the lab to explain the difference.)
Growth is cell division and adding more cells (organism usually gets larger)
Development is when the organism changes its form (ex. egg to tadpole to frog)
5. The production of offspring is called ____reproduction______.
6. John looks at drop of his blood underneath a microscope. He sees that it is made up of tiny units. Which characteristic of life has he observed?
Living things are made of cells
7. Mary opens up a worm in her biology class and sees that there are several different organs inside, which are groups of cells working together on the same job. Which characteristic of life has she observed?
Living things are made of cells.
8. Plants use the sun to make their food, a process known as photosynthesis. Which characteristic of life is this?
Plants are autotrophs – Obtain and use energy
9. Owls hunt for mice, so they are consumers, feeding upon other organisms. Which characteristic of life is this?
Owls are heterotrophs –Obtain and use energy
10. We shiver when we’re cold and sweat when we’re hot. Which characteristic of life is this?
Stable internal environment – homeostasis.
11. Trees lose their leaves in the fall, and then grow them back in the spring. Which characteristic of life is this?
Could be either of these (living things respond to environment, or living things change over time)
12. Jason buys a plant that is two inches tall. Two weeks later, the plant is four inches tall. What process has occurred?
Growth
13. A caterpillar hatches from an egg, goes into a cocoon, then becomes a butterfly. Which process has occurred? Development
14. A bird lays 3 eggs, which will hatch as baby birds. What process is this a product of?
Reproduction
15. An organism that is made of only one cell is known as a __unicellular______organism.
16. An organism that contains more than one cell is known as a _multicellular______organism.
17. Cells are grouped into tissues, which are grouped into organs, which are grouped into systems. Which characteristic of life is this?
Living things are made of cells.
18. Maintaining a constant internal environment regardless of changes in the external environment is known as ______homeostasis______.
19. An increase in the size of an organism due to the increase in the number of cells is known as ___growth______.
20. A change in the form of the organism as it matures into its adult form is known as ___development______.
For Questions 21-25, identify whether each statement is a hypothesis or a theory. For a hypothesis, write an “H” on the line. For a theory, write a “T.”
- H The rate that grass grows is related to the amount of light it receives.
- T All life is related and descended from a common ancestor.
- T The universe began about 15 billion years ago.
- H New tennis balls bounce higher than old tennis balls.
- H Caffeine raises blood pressure.
26.Evidence used to support spontaneous generation was the observation that foods over time become covered in maggots or fungal and bacterial growth. The inference behind spontaneous generation is that there is no “parent” organism. Write this inference as a hypothesis using an if–then sentence that suggests a way of testing it.
If maggots appear on foods then organisms spontaneously appeared from the air and started growing on the food.
27. In 1668, Francesco Redi proposed a different hypothesis to explain the specific example of maggots that appear on spoiled food. He had observed that maggots appear on meat a few days after flies have been seen on the food. He inferred that the flies had left behind eggs too small to see. Redi’s experiment is shown below. What conclusion can you draw from Redi’s experiment?
When flies do not have access to the meat because the jars are covered there are no maggots on the meat. Since there are no maggots, and flies could not reach the meat in the covered jars, they must not have been able to lay their eggs on the meat. Maggots come from flies.
______