PHYSICS REVIEW FOR FINALS - 2008

  1. A marathon bicyclist is timed throughout her race; the data is provided in the table below. Draw the graph and then answer the questions below.

Time (hours) / Distance (km)
0 / 0
.5 / 20
1.0 / 25
1.5 / 45
3.5 / 50
  1. What was her total distance?
  2. Was her speed constant? Explain your reasoning.
  3. Determine her average velocity over the course of the whole race.
  4. At which time did she begin a negative acceleration?
  5. At which time(s) did she begin a positive acceleration
  6. Calculate her average speed during the 0 to 0.5 hour period.
  7. Calculate her average speed during the 0.5 to 1.5 hour period.
  8. Use your answers to f. and g. to find the acceleration that occurred just after 0.5 hours.
  9. What was her fastest speed?
  10. What was her slowest speed?

2. The members of a science class take the following data for their classmate Samantha, who runs in a straight line from east to west. There is one student observer at each position and each observer records the time it took Samantha to run through that 10-meter distance.

Position # / Distance from start (m) / Time from start (s)
1 / 10 / 1.5
2 / 20 / 3.0
3 / 30 / 5.5
4 / 40 / ?
5 / 50 / 9.0
6 / 60 / 12.3

a. The observer at position # 4 forgot to record the time. Help him out by drawing a line graph of the data with distance on the vertical axis and use it to determine the approximate time that observer #4 should have recorded. Use the graph paper. Draw a circle around the missing data point and state the time that he should have recorded.

b. How is the slope of this graph related to the velocity?

c. Calculate Samantha’s average velocity after having gone 20m

d. Calculate her average acceleration from the start to the 10m mark, assuming that she did a standing start.

3. If the velocity of a ball is constant, its acceleration is

A. Increasing B. decreasing C. zero

D. constant, but not zeroE. increasing, then decreasing

4. A cyclist takes a 4-hour trip. During the first 1.5 hours, he travels 30 miles north. During the next 2.5 hours he travels another 30 miles. What is the average speed of the cyclist during the first 1.5 hours?

A. 10 miles per hour B. 20 miles per hour C. 30 miles per hour

D. 45 miles per hourE. 60 miles per hour

5.Referring to the cyclist in question #4: What is his average velocity for the entire trip?

A. 15 mphB. 16 mphC. 20 mphD. 30 mphE. 60 mph

6. Which of these three measurements—temperature, volume, or density—gives you the most information about an object’s identity? Explain.

7. A convenient unit for measuring volume in everyday situations. ______

8. An SI unit of mass. ______

9. A measure of the matter in a given volume. ______

10. The amount of matter that an object contains. ______

11. A factor that is changed in scientific experiments. ______

12. The basic SI unit of volume is the ______.

13. A factor that is kept the same in scientific experiments. ______

14. The basic SI unit of length. ______

15. The amount of space that something occupies ______

16. What is acceleration? ______

17. Why is a cyclist racing around a curve always accelerating?

18. What do you need to know about an object’s motion in order to calculate its speed? Its acceleration?

19. The speed-time graph of an object curves upward. Describe the acceleration of the object

20. Compare and contrast the terms in Data Table 1 by showing which term is described by the equation or phrase at the left. Place a check mark in the correct column

Data Table 1

Speed / Change in Speed / Velocity / Positive acceleration / Negative
Acceleration
0.5km/h to 5km/h
2s
Using brakes to stop a bike
4km/h East
A race car speeding around the curve in the track
40m/s to 20m/s
10s

21. How much energy will a bowling ball transfer to a cement floor if it is dropped from a height of 2 meters? The ball has a mass of 2.5 Kg. Assume that it will not bounce.

22. A rock is thrown with a velocity of 5 m/s. If it has a mass of 0.75 kg, what is its kinetic energy?

23. An object, which has a mass of 0.4 kg, is thrown straight up to a height of 10 meters. It then starts falling.

a. How much PE has been given to the object by the thrower?

b. Assuming that all of the PE is converted to KE as it falls, what will the velocity of the object just as it strikes the ground?

24. A 50 gram golf ball falls from 1 meter and the bounces back to 60 cm. How much energy did it lose? What was the balls velocity when it struck the ground?

You do not need to show any work in answering question 31 (below).

25.A. How many grams are in a kilogram?

b. How many milliliters are in a liter?

c. How many centimeters are in a meter?

26. Convert each of the following using the conversion factor method; you must use the method taught in class and make sure to show all the steps:

a. Convert 2.4 milliliters to liters.

b. How many milligrams are in 45 kilograms?

c. A student uses a 500 gram mass in his experiment. How many pounds is this? (1 kg = 2.2 lbs)

d. An engineer calculates the thrust needed to get a rocket to Mars as being 540,000 pounds; how many Newtons is this if 4.4 Newtons = 1 pound?

e. Change 55200 millimeters into kilometers

27. State whether each of the following is an example of science or technology (write either S for science or T for technology in the space provided)

a. Watson and Crick discover the structure of the DNA molecule. _____

b. Thomas Edison builds the first practical light bulb. _____

c. Scientists explore the universe looking for signs of extra-terrestrial life. _____

d. The computer is invented. _____

e. A marine biologist discovers a new species of jelly fish. _____

f. The properties of the element silicon are utilized to make the first transistor. ___

g. Leeuwenhoek discovers the presence of micro-organisms in water. _____

h. Pasteur discovers that heating milk will make it safer to drink. _____

28. The following data was collected for an experiment dealing with pendulum motion:

------

Mass of bob:20g50g100g200g250g

------

Period :1.35 sec1.32 sec1.33 sec1.33 sec1.35

------

a. Use the graph paper provided to draw a properly constructed and labeled line graph of this data

b. State the hypothesis which is being tested by this experiment.

c. What conclusion can be drawn from the results?

Useful facts:

F = M x A

To convert from grams to Newtons on a spring scale: 1000 grams = 9.8 N

1 km = 0.62 miles

29. Define acceleration and give an example of an object, which is accelerating.

30. A plane is traveling at a speed of 600 m/s; then it speeds up to 750 m/s during the next 20 seconds. What is the acceleration in meters/s2?

31. Take your answer from the last question and convert it to miles per hour.

32. The mass of a rocket is 55000 Kg and it is floating in outer space at a steady speed. In order to accelerate the rocket at a rate of 20m/s2, how much force must be applied?

33. Name and describe three forces which are acting on a brick which is moving along the table top at a steady speed.

34. A pendulum has a 2.5 Kg brick hanging from it. Calculate the force that is being applied to the string of the pendulum by the brick.

35. What is the relationship between the force applied to an object and its mass? Give an example which illustrates this relationship.

36. Explain why the terminal velocity of a golf ball will be different from the terminal velocity of a golf shirt.

37. Why do a feather and a hammer fall at the same rate on the moon even though the feather will fall much more slowly on earth? Why does the hammer fall more slowly on the moon than on earth?