PPTScope & Sequence

Approach

  • Make it fun. Students should enjoy science. Turning them off to science is the worst outcome.
  • Teach children, not science.
  • Thinking and the scientific approach are more important than the particular subject matter.
  • Inquiry, not lecture.
  • Concepts, not facts.
  • Concepts, not calculations.
  • Post-holing – explore major concepts
  • Give broad exposure through stations.
  • General to specific – deduction
  • Group work
  • Hands-on, body-on, manipulation
  • Simple, inexpensive, accessible materials
  • Varied presentation to fit varied learning styles
  • Constructivist – Socratic
  • Recapitulation – follow the historical sequence (more or less)

Scope Plan

  • This is the physics course in a physics-first sequence, followed by chemistry and biology.
  • What is necessary for chemistry?
  • What is the basic physics they should know for possible future study?
  • What should they know about the physical world and physics for life?
  • What is fun?
  • Concepts from physics, applications in physiology and technology.

Sequence Plan

  • Overall approach
  • Start with simple math (more/less, 3 variables), move to complex math
  • Activity first, analysis after
  • 5-fold path (of analysis/ explanation)
  • diagrams – show physical relationships
  • tables – show patterns
  • graphs – show patterns
  • formulas – show relationships
  • writing – clarifies thought
  • Reading for reinforcement and extension
  • Exercises for practice
  • Math and concept extension material (available in each activity as appropriate)
  • Use energy as a unifying concept
  • Intro sections with physiology
  • Analyze in physics terms (perhaps several concepts/ activities)
  • Qualitative intro
  • Stations for depth/ exposure, connection to real life
  • Find direct vs. inverse relation
  • Quantitative investigation
  • Use control, independent, and dependent variables
  • Find linear or exponential relation
  • Lab reports using 5-fold path?
  • Assessment
  • Prediction – the point of understanding (one of the stations?)
  • Assessment
  • Explanation of some setup in physics terms (one of the stations)
  • Return to physiology
  • Explain physiological function in physics terms?

Development Sequence

  • Get the sequence of physics/math, and the pedagogy right
  • Improve assessment
  • Pare down the physics
  • Add in more physiology
  • Add in more reading, especially personal history of the famous people

Handouts

  • Course overview (materials required)
  • Safety
  • How to find patterns in data
  • How to graph
  • Formula worksheet (5-fold path worksheet? lab report outline?)
  • How to solve physics problems
  • Table of physics quantities & units?
  • Table of conversions?
  • Grading rubrics
  • Overall
  • Behavior
  • Homework
  • Tests & quizzes
  • Lab data
  • Lab report?

Big picture plan

1st quarter /
  • Simple machines (force)
  • Speed (velocity?)
  • Momentum
  • Acceleration

2nd quarter /
  • Dynamics (Newton)
  • (velocity?)
  • Energy

3rd quarter /
  • Hydraulics
  • Pneumatics

4th quarter /
  • Electricity & Magnetism
  • Waves
  • Sound
  • Light

Not included:

  • Statics (a bit on simple machines)
  • Scaling
  • Projectiles (?it’s such a nice summary)
  • Rotational motion (rotational speed and maybe torque)
  • Pendulums (just that they’re regular)
  • Quanta
  • Relativity
  • Atomic/Nuclear structure (maybe a little, to get electrons)

Goals / Notes
(Assessment, later?) / Delivery/
Activity / Physics / Physiology / Technology / Math / Science
Administration / Course syllabus
Pre-post testing / - FCI pre-test
- Math pre-test / - Honesty
- Evidence, data
- Controls (FCI)
- Independent (course)
- Dependent (scores)
Safety / - Safety training
- Safety test / - Safety
Mechanics:
- Human Body
- Mass
- Gravity / - Human Center of Mass
- Dinosaur models? / - Weight
- Force (push or pull)
- Mass & Gravity (force due to mass) / - Human body/ mass
- Human CM
Mechanics:
- Center of Mass, 2-D / - CM of 2-D objects / - Center of mass
- Distance
- CM & support points / - Balance / - Buildings
- Dance? / - More and less / - Playing/ curiosity
- Experiment
- Qual/ quant data
Mechanics:
- Center of Mass, 1-D
- Torque / - Ruler Balance (Add in a comparison to lab scales. Use a torque feeler in here to get a feel for what’s happening on the balance.) / - Mass (same on moon)
- ∑md = ∑md
- ∑Fd = ∑Fd
- torque
-  = Fr
- ∑ = 0? / - Balances
- Scales / - 3 variables
- direct/ inverse
- graphs
- linear relationship
- hyperbola
- radius? / - mks?
- control, ind, dep var
- data tables
- prediction
Mechanics:
- Newton’s 1st Law of Motion / - Seems like this fits here to get into moving objects. Reinforces force. Could go earlier.
- Intro energy here? / - Galileo think-piece (need force to change motion) / - Mass & inertia
- N’s 1st
- Equilibrium (libra)
- ∑F = 0, F net = 0 / - Movement / - Subscripts?
- ∑
Mechanics:
- Friction / - Friction / - Friction is a force
- Friction opposes motion
- Friction is everywhere
- Static friction > dynamic friction? / - Just about everything
Mechanics
- Vectors / - Would a number line be helpful for 1-D vectors? Add +, -. / - Vectors / - Vector quantities
- Force is a vector.
- Vectors are arrows
- Vectors have size and direction
- Vectors can be added (parallelogram) / - Diagrams? / - Vectors?
Mechanics:
- Levers
- Skeleton / - Levers needs revision, FP’s double wheels? Real levers?
- Wheels & axles is a bit confusing – just levers. Doesn’t get into roll vs. drag. / - Simple Machines
- Levers (Wheels & axles?) / - W=Fd
- Fd = Fd
- Work in = work out
- SMs multiply force (bigger/ smaller, +/ -) / - Musculo-skeletal system
- Body is a machine / - Simple machines
- Levers
- Wheel & axle
Mechanics:
- Inclined Planes / - What if the car rolled down the ramp (or fell)? Intro to next section. / - Work (cars on ramps) / Work on vs. by
- Work is the same regardless of path / - Inclined plane
Mechanics:
- Speed / - 2 ramps
- Electric Cars
- Runners & Walkers / - Speed
- Time
- dt
- s = d/t
- average speed
- vav = dtot/ttot
- a = ∆s/t / - motion?
- aging? (time) / - cars? / - 
- average
- ∆ / - sources of error?
Mechanics:
- Velocity / - Refer to inertia, equilibrium –force req’d for change.
- Introduce position? / - ? / - acceleration is change in motion
- force is required to change speed
- force is required to turn
- a = ∆v/t
- velocity is a vector qty
Mechanics:
- Momentum / - Momentum (Using cars, could use BBs on ramp)
- Happy/ sad balls? / - Momentum
- p = mv
- Conservation of momentum
- ∑mv = ∑mv
- Impulse
- Ft = ∆p
- momentum is a vector qty / - cushioning, support, fat, ? / - Car crashes?
- Sports (football, boxing)
- Dance / - derivations (Ft=) / - conservation?
Mechanics:
- Acceleration / - Dropping Things
- Ripples & Shadows / - acceleration due to gravity
- light is a field
- gravity is a field
- Ld
- Ad2 / - squared function
- linear/ exponential
- similar triangles
Mechanics:
- Acceleration / - Intro w/ curved & straight ramps.
- Need d=at2/2? Extension / - Galileo's Ramp
- Ramp with Flat
- Acceleration prediction
- Gravity at School / - acceleration can change
- straight ramp has constant acceleration
- dt2
- vt
- a = ∆v/t
- vf=2vav
- a = 2vav/t
- a = 2d/t2 ?
- d = at2/2?
- g = 9.8 m/s2 / - pendulum clocks?
Mechanics:
- Projectiles / - Do we have time for this?
- It’s a nice assessment.
- Need a shorter flat part on the ramp since we already have final = double average. / - Motion in 2-D
- Ramp Projectile Prediction
- Car Crash CSI / - motion at right angles is independent
- projectile motion / - space flight
- ballistics
Mechanics
- Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion / - N's 2nd Law / - aF
- a1/m
- a=F/m
- F=ma
Mechanics:
- Gravity / - Too much math?
- Skip F=Gmm/d2? / - Shadows Again
- Mass, Weight, and Gravity / - Intensity1/d2
- Fmm
- F1/d2
- G
- F=Gmm/d2
- Why things fall at the same a. / - k?
- inverse squared
Mechanics:
- Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion / - Refer to inertia – outside force / - Newton’s 3rd Law / - action-reaction
- system
Energy:
- Digestive System? / - Digestion? Digestive System?
Energy:
- Mechanical Energy / - Introduce energy somewhere earlier. Just work?
- Do we just tell them its conserved?
- Is there a better activity w/ numbers? No rolling. / - Work-PE-KE-Work
- Pendulum Projectile prediction / - PE (position)
- KE (motion)
- PE =FD=wtht =mgh
- W PEv2
- KE = mv2/2 ?
- Conservation of mechanical energy.
Energy:
- Power / - Human Horsepower / - P=W/t
- Efficiency / - Efficiency
- Calories / - Engines?
Energy:
- Heat & Temperature / 2 hot solids into water / - Heat
- Temperature
Energy:
- Conservation / - ? / - Conservation of energy
Energy:
- 1st Law of Thermodynamics / - ? / - 1st Law of TD
- ∆E = ∆Q+∆T
Energy:
- Global Energy / - Cookies / - energy is limited
Energy:
- Entropy / - Entropy / - 2nd Law of TD (Hot to cold)
- Entropy (increasing disorder)
- / - Probability
States of Matter:
- 3 (4) states / - States of matter stations / - 3 states + plasma
- S&L don’t compress
- L&G flow
States of Matter:
- Solids
- Density / - Metal pieces / - Density
- D=m/V
- Solids vary in density
- Density vs. weight / - Density of bones
- Bird vs. human bones? / - Materials for flight must be light
States of Matter:
- Solids & liquids
- Density / Need floating gas-filled thing, like a balloon. / - Fat floats
- Wood floating in different liquids
- Stacked liquids
- U-tube w/ oil & water
- Cartesian diver / - Density applies to all matter.
- Liquids vary in density, too. / - Fat is less dense than muscle
-
Hydraulics:
Buoyancy / - Buoyancy due to ∆P
- Buoyancy = wt of fluid displaced? / - Floating
Hydraulics:
- The circulatory system / - Heart model?
Hydraulics:
- Depth and pressure / - Glass with holes for streams
- Pressure depth (depth gauge)
- Cartesian diver extended / - Pressure increases with depth in a liquid.
- P=Dgh / - Blood pressure / - Submarines
Hydraulics:
- Liquids, Pascal’s Principle / - Liquid-filled syringes of different sizes / - Pascal’s Principle
- F/A=F/A
- (Fd=Fd) / - Circulatory system / - Car lifts
Hydraulics:
- Blood pressure / - Blood pressure lab / - Blood pressure
- ∆BP, Height of sleeve
Hydraulics:
- Cardiac cycle / - Harvey’s vein experiment
- Heart sounds / - Venous system, valves
- Heart function / - Valves
- Pumps
Hydraulics:
- Osmosis / Osmosis of air would lead nicely into respiration / - Grapes in salt water / - Membranes
- Nutrient transfer from blood?
- Digestion?
- Breathing?
Pneumatics:
- Ventilation (Mechanical Respiration) / - Lung model
Pneumatics:
- Air / - Balloons
- Beakers under water / - Air takes up space
- Air applies pressure
Pneumatics:
- Atmosphere / - Vacuum stations
- Crush the can, suction cups, rubber sheet, foam plates, drinking straw, upside down water, etc. / - Vacuum, nothing can’t cause a force
- Air (atmosphere) has mass & wt, force, pressure
- ∆P in the atmosphere / -
Pneumatics:
Boyle’s Law / - Boyle’s Law / - Boyle’s Law
- P1/V, PV = k / - Breathing / - Air pumps
Pneumatics:
Charles’ Law / - Balloons
- Balloons in Beakers
- Charles’ Law / - Charles’ Law
- VT, V/T = k
Gay-Lussac’s Law
- PT, P/T = k
- Vn?, V/n = k?
- PV = nkT? / - Hot air balloons
Pneumatics:
- Bernoulli’s Principle? / Could do it in one day as stations. / - Stations – ping-pong ball & straw, bent card, spool & card, plane wing, funnel & p-p ball, / - Bernoulli’s principle / - Coughing / - Flight
- Carburetors
- Air dams
- Weed spray
-
Pneumatics:
- Atomic theory? / This would prep for EM. We should have the idea of electrons. Most kids have probably had some training in this. / - Atomic structure?
- Electrons, Protons, Neutrons, Nucleus
EM:
- Nervous System / - $ Drop, Reaction Time
- Nervous system / - RT=PT+NT+DT
- Autonomic, sympathetic, para-sympathetic
EM:
- Magnets / - 2 types / - Not like gravity, bi-polar
- Opposites attract, likes repel
- Called N, S
- Field, magnetic / - Birds migrating
- Compasses
- Levitation – trains
- Refrigerator seals…
EM:
- Static charge / - Static generating materials
- Electroscope
- 2 balloons & a wall / - Like magnets, bi-polar
- Opposites attract, likes repel
- Called +, -
- Field, electrical
- Voltage / - Lightning
- Batteries
EM:
- Current / - Electroscopes and wire
- Conducting materials / - Moving charge
- Current (moving electrons)
EM:
- Current electricity / Series & parallel as extensions / - Circuit boards / - Circuit
- Resistance (load)
- Ohm’s Law
- V = IR
- Conservation of charge? / - Electrical power
EM:
- Electro-magnetism / - Electro-magnet
- Generator / - Moving charge (current) creates a field
- Moving field creates current
- AC? / - Electro-magnets
- Generators
EM:
- Nerve function / - Nerve function / - How nerves work
- Electro-chemical
Waves:
- Periodic motion / - Stations, Jell-O, vibrating ruler, spring w/ mass, pendulum, top, bouncing ball, etc. / - Periodic motion differentiated from non-periodic motion / - Running
- Peristalsis
-Reproduction/ life cycle / - Clocks
- Engines
- CDs
-
Waves:
- Rotation / - Rotational motion / - Rotational speed
- Frequency
- spd = rev/s  m/rev
- spd = rrad/s? / - CDs
- Wheels
- Earth’s orbit
- Earth’s rotation / - Radius?
- Diameter
- Circumference
Waves:
- Waves / - Rope & Slinky
- Wave tank? / - Frequencyf
- PeriodT
- f = 1/T
- Wavelength
- Speed
- s = f
- Amplitude / - Ocean waves?
Waves:
- Standing waves / - Rope / - Standing waves
- Reflection
Waves:
- Transverse & Longitudinal / - Slinky
- Aluminum bar / - Transverse (S?)
- Longitudinal (P?)
Waves:
- Interference / Is there another choice than a ripple tank? / - Ripple tank. / - Interference
- Constructive
- Destructive
Sound:
- Auditory & Vocal Systems / - Ear
- Speech
Sound:
- Vibrations / - Stations, cans & string, plastic bottles, mailing tubes, metal rod & string, pan lids, etc. / - Sound requires vibrations, motion?
- Sound requires energy (work)
- Sound field? Inverse square
Sound:
- Medium required / - Sound in a vacuum / - Sound requires a medium
Sound:
- Compression wave / - Drum / - Sound is a compression wave
Sound:
- Resonance / - Resonators (Joe’s instruments?) / - Resonance, sympathetic vibration
- Sound does work
Sound:
- Speed / Speed of sound in another medium? / - Clapping echo / - Speed of sound in air
Sound:
- Interference / 12-tone scale as extension / - Speakers
- Tuning forks
- Tube in water / - Sound can cancel
- Sound can reinforce
Sound:
- Doppler effect / - Swinging sounds / - Doppler effect
Light:
- Vision System / - Vision
Light:
- ? / - Pinhole camera / - Light is a field
- Light is emitted in all directions
- Light travels in straight lines
- No medium is required (space)
Light:
- Diffraction / - Slits with laser / - Light bends
- Light interferes
- Light is waves / - Astronomy?
Light:
- EM spectrum / - ? / - Light is made of EM waves.
- EM spectrum / - Radio
-
Light:
- Spectrum / - Prisms
- Coloring
- Projection w/ one source
- Projection w/ multiple sources / - White light is composed of colors
- Subtractive colors
- Additive colors / - TV (pixels)
Light:
- Reflection / - Pin & mirror
- Curved mirrors? / - Angle of incidence = angle of reflection / - Mirrors
Light:
- Refraction / - Why the sky is blue.
- Why sunsets are red.
- / - Lenses
- Rainbows / - Light bends when changing media
- Different media have different refraction
- Critical angle / - Magnifying glasses
- Telescopes
- Binoculars
Light:
- Vision / - Eye model? / - / - Eye structure
- Cornea/ lens
- Iris/ pupil
- Rods & cones / - Cameras

PPT lp year 03dk.doc1Printed 11/5/201810:47 AM