GEF SANPRP
INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL
POLLUTION REDUCTION TECHNIQUES PROJECT
PEST MANAGEMENT PLAN
（DRAFT VERSION）
APRIL 2009
PREPARED FOR SHANGHAI PROJCET MANAGEMENT OFFICE
BY EAST CHINA NORMAL UNIVERSITY (ECNU)
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Necessity of Project 1
1.2 Objects of Project 1
1.3 Bases of Project Operation 2
1.3.1 Foundation of base selection 2
1.3.2 Base name 2
1.4 Integrated Pest Management 2
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE DEMONSTRATION BASES 4
2.1 Demonstration Base in Shanghai Jinshan District Modernized Agricultural Garden 5
2.2 Qingpu Zhujiajiao Production Base (QZPB) 5
2.3 Demonstration Base in Chongming Changjiang Farm (CCF) 6
3 CURRENT PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACH 8
3.1 Current and Anticipated Pest Problems 8
3.2 Agricultural and Physical Control Methods 9
3.3 Biological Control Methods 10
3.4 Chemical Control Methods 10
3.4.1 Non-Pesticide Chemical Control Methods 10
3.4.2 Overall Pesticide Usage 10
3.5 General Assessment of Current Pest Management Approach 10
4 CHINA AND SHANGHAI POLICIES ON PLANT PROTECTION AND IPM 12
5 PROPOSED PRACTICES OF IPM UNDER IAPDT 13
5.1 Objectives of Proposed Practices 13
5.2 Proposed Practices for IPM 13
5.2.1 Agricultural and Physical Control Method 13
5.2.2 Biological Control Methods 14
5.2.3 Chemical Control Methods 14
6 PESTICIDE MANAGEMENT UNDER IAPRTD 15
6.1 IPM for Major Crops 15
6.1.1 Objectives 15
6.1.2 Principle 15
6.1.3 Measures 15
6.2 Selection Principle of Pesticides 17
6.3 Pesticides Recommended for Use in IAPRTD 17
6.4 Environmental, Occupational and Health Potential Risks and Mitigation Measures 20
6.4.1 Environmental Potential Risks and Mitigation Measures 20
6.4.2 Occupational/Health Potential Risks and Mitigation Measures 21
7 EIGHTENING CAPACITY OF PEST MANAGEMENT UNDER IAPRTD 22
7.1 Enhancing Sense to Implement Policy 22
7.2 Strengthening of the Basic Plant Protection Infrastructure 22
7.3 Training and Human Resource Development 22
7.4 Training of Farmers 23
8 MONITORING AND EVALUATION UNDER IAPDTD 24
8.1 Activities Requiring Local Monitoring during Implementation 24
8.2 Activities Requiring Monitoring during Supervision 24
8.3 Monitoring and Supervision Plan 24
8.3.1 Monitoring of Pest Management 24
8.3.2 Supervision Plan 24
8.3.3 Responsibilities 24
8.3.4 Professional technology required 25
8.3.5 Budget 25
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 / The Major Insect Pests in Project District of Shanghai Suburbs………………………… / 9Table 6.1 / Pesticides Recommended for Use in IAPRTD ………………………………………… / 18
Table 6.2 / Agricultural, Physical and Biological Measures for Pest Management of Major Crops …… / 19
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 / Sketch Map of Geographic Location to Key Demonstration Bases………………………… / 4Figure 2.2 / Sketch Map of the Geographic Location to Demonstration Base in SJDMAG……………… / 5
Figure 2.3 / Sketch Map of Geographic Location to Zhangma Vegetables Demonstration Base………… / 6
Figure 2.4 / Sketch Map of Geographic Location to Changjiang Farm Demonstration Base …………… / 7
ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMES
AND UNITS
AS / Aqueous SolutionsATESC / Agro-Technology Extension and Service Center
CCF / Chongming Changjiang Farm
COD / Chemical Oxygen Demand
D/C / District/County
EC / Emulsifiable Concentrate
ECNU / East China Normal University
FAO / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Stations
GB / State Standard
GEF / Global Environment Facility
IAPRTD / Integrated Agricultural Pollution Reduction Techniques Description
IPM / Integrated Pest Management
ME / Microemulsion
mu / A unit of area, Chinese acre (=0.0667 hectare)
NH3-N / Ammonia Nitrogen
NPV / Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus
PMO / (Shanghai) Project Management Office
PIB / Polyhedral inclusion body
PMP / Pest Management Plan
PRC / People’s Republic of China
QZPB / Qingpu Zhujiajiao Production Base
RMB / Chinese Yuan (Renminbi ￥)
RSV / Rice Stripe Virus
SANPRP / Shanghai Agriculture and Non-point Pollution Reduction Project
SATESC / Shanghai Agro-Technology Extension and Service Center
SJDMAG / Shanghai Jinshan District Modernized Agricultural Garden
SP / Soluble Powders
TP / Total Phosphorus
USD / United States Dollar
WB / The World Bank
WDG / Water Dispersible Granule
WHO / World Health Organization
WP / Wettable Powders
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Necessity of Project
Up till the present moment, the use of the pesticides in shanghai has some questions to be improved in comparison with the other areas of our country. First of all, the use amount of the pesticides in rural area of Shanghai is relative larger than the other regions of our country, not only the total amount but also amount used every unit area. The second, the pesticide varieties and structure are not reasonable and the pesticide uses excessively, it could make the natural pest enemies to be in peril of extinction. The natural control action is much weakened. The third, the agricultural labor organizations are decentralized as a result of management difficulty. The fourth, application technique of the pesticides and spray equipments are outmoded in some respects, it could make the agricultural chemicals use efficiency to be low, also causes the non-point source pollution on atmosphere, water body, the soil and so on. In addition, the technical guidance to the peasants also has some questions to be improved. So it is necessary for carrying out the project of integrated agricultural pollution reduction techniques description.
1.2 Objects of Project
There are two specific objects for the project. The first specific object will set up three core demonstrating base of agriculture production with 8730 mu, forming fine ecological cycle of agriculture production. To the pest management plan (PMP) involved, there are some respects as follows:
(1) Pesticides amount used every unit area will be 10% less than average level of other rural area of Shanghai；
(2) The popularizing ratio of green control techniques will reach to 100 %;
(3) The use ratio of the middle toxicity pesticides will be down from 58% to below 40%;
(4) The use ratio of the green pesticides will be up above 90%;
(5) The varieties of pesticides structure will be more optimization.
The other project’s specific object will popularize the integrated agricultural non point source pollution reduction techniques in Shanghai suburbs by application of local experience to the entire area. To the PMP involved, there are some respects as follows: The availability of the pesticides and the level of the green control techniques will be improve, for reducing pesticides flowing away to polluting environment.
Carries on the technical implementation and the demonstration in the core demonstration base, Fans out from point to area, to core model district periphery radiation, enhances the efficiency of utilization on fertilizer and agricultural chemicals in suburbs, improve green pest control techniques levels, reduce environment pollution by the chemical fertilizers, pesticides and agricultural organic waste outflow.
1.3 Bases of Project Operation
1.3.1 Foundation of base selection
(1) The bases should be situated at the water source protection zone of the upper reaches of the Huangpu River, the Chongming ecology island and the Tai Lake basin scope. These regions are the important agricultural production regions related to environment and resources protection.
(2) In the demonstration region the crop production holds certain proportion, the crops type is relatively stable, the local government has certain safeguard to the agricultural investment.
The farmers in the regions have the good desire and the demand to the agricultural new technology promotion, and they would be expected to put the technology standard into practice.
1.3.2 Base name
According to the above reasons, the three core demonstrating bases of agriculture production will be set up. Among them, Chongming Changjiang farm is the modernized agriculture comprehensive experiment base, the high water quality in Qingpu link Tai Lake is requested, Jinshan District Modernized Agricultural Garden is located in Jinshan Langxia Town in which there is a large stock farm. The attention key point in the Garden is the combined agriculture and stock and the resources circulation use. Their names are as follows (The more detailed description shown in second chapter):
(1) Demonstration Base in Shanghai Jinshan District Modernized Agricultural Garden (SJDMAG);
(2) Demonstration Base in Qingpu Zhujiajiao Production Base (QZPB);
(3) Demonstration Base in Chongming Changjiang Farm (CCF).
1.4 Integrated Pest Management
In agriculture, the Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control strategy.Implement of the strategy can be divided three stages closely together: prevention, observation, and intervention. An array of complementary methods may be used in three stages. These methods include agriculture, physical, biological, and chemical management. IPM is an ecological approach with a main goal of significantly reducing or eliminating the use of pesticides and mitigating environmental pollution from use chemicals. IPM was formulated into national policy in 1972.
The project would support integrated pest management (IPM), including:
(1) Keeping pests below economically damaging levels, managing pests rather than seeking to eradicate them;
(2) Relying, to the extent possible, on non chemical measures to keep pest populations low;
(3) When pesticides have to be used, selecting them that are less toxic, and applying them in a way that minimizes adverse effects on beneficial organisms, human beings, and the ecological environment. As a result, there is a need for preparation of a Pest Management Plan (PMP) for the project.
The Pest Management Plan (PMP) of the project will promote the use of biological and environmental control methods for pests and diseases, which will reduce the reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides.
2 DESCRIPTION OF THE DEMONSTRATION BASES
Three key demonstration Bases of agricultural production in Jinshan District, Qingpu District and Chongming County will be set up under IAPDTD. These bases are located at SJDMAG, QZPB and CCF respectively. The geographic location of key demonstration bases is shown at figure 2.1.
Figure 2.1 Sketch Map of Geographic Location to Key Demonstration Bases.
2.1 Demonstration Base in Shanghai Jinshan District Modernized Agricultural Garden
The 2400 mu lands of Nanlu village, Nantang village, Youhao village and the No.7 Team of Jinshanyinglong in Liangxia Town are selected as demonstrating bases. The main crops are rice, wheat and vegetable. The geographic location of demonstration base in SJDMAG is shown at figure 2.2.
Figure 2.2 Sketch Map of the Geographic Location to Demonstration Base in SJDMAG
The demonstration base in SJDMAG is located on Jinshan Langxia Town, the Huigaojing river flows past the Base land from south to north and interlinks with Beijuegang River. According to 《Functional Divisions of Water Environment in Shanghai》, the Huigaojing river and the west areas of it is located on III class surface water functional divisions, the III grade of 《Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water》(GB3838-2002) is adopted. The east areas of Huigaojing is located on V class surface water functional divisions, the V grade Standard is adopted. The surface water of Huigaojing canal was sampled and determined. The conclusion obtained showed that CODCr is 29.92 mg/L, NH3-N 1.03mg/L and TP 0.220mg/L. The CODCr, NH3-N and TP reach the IV grade water standard of « Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water GB3838-2002».
2.2 Qingpu Zhujiajiao Production Base (QZPB)
The 2630 mu lands of Huangjin village, Xinsheng village and Zhangma village in Zhujiajiao Town are selected as demonstrating bases. The main crops are rice, wheat and vegetable. The geographic location of Zhangma vegetables demonstration base in QZPB is shown at figure 2.3.
Figure 2.3 Sketch Map of Geographic Location to Zhangma Vegetables Demonstration Base
The scope of Zhangma Vegetables Demonstration Base is east from Shentai road, west to Yuejin canal, south from cobble pathway, north to Mojiacun canal. The acreage under vegetable is about 146 mu.
The Zhangma Vegetables Demonstration Base is located on the water source protection zone of the upper reaches of the Huangpu River, the river system around the base can flow into the upper reaches of the Huangpu River directly. The base is adjacent to protection zone of natural landscape in Sun Island. The Zhangma Vegetables Demonstration Base is the nearest to the water source of upper reaches of the Huangpu River among the Demonstration Bases in Qingpu. The surface water of the base drawing water site, that is a confluence of Mojiacun canal with Yuejin canal, was sampled and determined. The conclusion obtained showed that CODCr is 14.86 mg/L, NH3-N 0.22 mg/L and TP 0.188mg/L. The CODCr and NH3-N reach the II grade water standard of « Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water GB3838-2002». TP reaches the III grade water standard.
The main crops are wild rice stem, Chinese cabbage, cauliflower and other green vegetables in the Demonstration Base. These dry farming vegetables will be planted in the brooder.
2.3 Demonstration Base in Chongming Changjiang Farm (CCF)
The 3700 mu lands of Pingdong No. 3 team and Qianjiang No.7 team in Chongming Changjiang Farm are selected as demonstrating bases. The main crops are rice and wheat with yielding two crops a year. The geographic location of Changjiang Farm demonstration base in Chongming is shown at figure 2.4.
Figure 2.4 Sketch Map of Geographic Location to Changjiang Farm Demonstration Base
The Changjiang Farm Demonstration Base in Chongming is located on the middle-east part of the Island, the Zhi river flows past the Base land from south to north and interlinks with canal of surrounding island. According to 《Functional Divisions of Water Environment in Shanghai》, the areas of Demonstration Base located on III class surface water functional divisions, the III grade of 《Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water》(GB3838-2002) is adopted. The surface water of Zhi river was sampled and determined. The conclusion obtained showed that CODCr is 17.27mg/L, NH3-N 1.16mg/L and TP 0.126mg/L. The CODCr and TP reach the III grade water standard of « Environmental Quality Standard for Surface Water GB3838-2002». NH3-N reaches the IV grade water standard.
3 CURRENT PEST MANAGEMENT APPROACH
3.1 Current and Anticipated Pest Problems
According to the statistical data, plant diseases and insect pests has about the area 36,000,000 acres times annual mean, about preventing and controlling area 42,000,000 acres times in Shanghai.
It is the rice stripe Tenuivirus to the Shanghai grain crops harm big main plant disease and pest, is one kind of paddy rice viral disease which spreads poisonously by the Laodelphax striatellus. When it occurs seriously, the big area rice reduction of output would take place, even gets no crop.