Plants Review QUESTIONS:
1. Among the 4 main groups of plants, what is the distinguishing feature of mosses?
2. Among the 4 main groups of plants, what is the distinguishing feature of angiosperms?
3. What are the 2 types of meristems and what type of growth are they responsible for?
4. What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf?
5. What are the 3 types of plant tissue other than meristematic, and what are their functions?
6. What is the difference between primary growth and secondary growth?
7. Where is the cuticle in a leaf and what is its purpose?
8. Where are the palisade and spongy mesophyll in a leaf and what is their purpose?
9. What are the 2 types of xylem cells?
10. What are the 2 main types of phloem cells?
11. What specific structure in a flower produces pollen grains? What structure produces ovules?
12. What is the difference between a herbaceous stem and a woody stem?
13. What are 3 differences between monocots and dicots?
14. Name and describe the function of the 2 types of vascular tissue in plants.
15. What 3 structures are contained in all seeds?
16. List 2 seed dispersal methods used by plants.
17. How do bees increase the genetic diversity of flowering plants?
18. How is ethylene used commercially?
19. How do nitrogen-fixing bacteria help plants to grow?
20. What is the difference between primary & secondary succession?
21. What is a monoculture? Give 1 example of a monoculture.
Plants Review ANSWERS:
1. Mosses are the only group of plants that are non-vascular.
2. Angiosperms are the only group of plants that produce flowers and fruit.
3. apical meristem: growth at root and shoot tips
lateral meristem: cause increase in diameters of roots/stems
4. simple leaf: single leaf blade
compound leaf: leaf blade divided into 2 or more leaflets
5. dermal tissue: physical protection, prevention of water loss, water absorption, gas exchange...
ground tissue: photosynthesis; storage of nutrients, carbohydrates, water; healing of wounds;
regenerating plant parts; growth; support
vascular tissue: transporting water, dissolved substances, sugars and other solutes throughour
the plant
6. primary growth: growth in length of roots & stems throughout a plant's life
growth in diameter of roots and stems during the first year of a plant's life
secondary growth: growth in diameter of roots and stems during the rest of a plant's life
7. cuticle is the waxy coating on the outside of a leaf (outside the epidermis); it protects the leaf
against water loss
8. mesophyll cells are where photosynthesis occurs; palisade mesophyll is under the upper
epidermis; spongy mesophyll is above the lower epidermis
9. tracheids & vessel elements
10. sieve cells/tube elements & companion cells
11. pollen is produces in the anthers; ovules are produced in the ovary
12. herbaceous stem: contain little or no wood
woody stem: stem with secondary growth
13. any 3 of...
monocots: / dicots:seed with 1 cotyledon (seed leaf) / seed with 2 cotyledons (seed leaves)
vascular bundles randomly distributed throughout the stem / vascular bundles arranged in a ring in the stem
leaf veins usually parallel / leaf veins usually netlike
roots have ring of vascular tissue / roots have xylem cells that form an "X" or star shape in the centre
flower parts in 3's or multiples of 3 / flower parts in 4's or multiples of 4
14. xylem: moves water & dissolved minerals from roots up to other parts of the plant
phloem: moves sugars & solutes from leaves to different parts of the plants
15. all seeds contain: seed coat, source of nutrition (cotyledon and/or endosperm), embryo
16. any 2 of...
wings/parachute-like structures to increase wind dispersal
berries/fruit that are consumed by birds, etc.
hooks/spines that attach to furry animals that pass the plant
nuts that are buried by rodents and forgotten
exploding pods/capsules that burst when mature
17. By travelling from flower to flower to gather pollen and drink nectar, the bees help to cross-
pollinate the flowers, increasing the genetic diversity of the plants.
18. fruit can be picked when unripe, transported long distances, then ethylene can be applied
externally to ripen it for sale
19. plants can't use the nitrogen gas in the air directly; N-fixing bacteria is able to convert the
nitrogen in the air to soluble nitrate ions, which plants can use directly
20. succession is the gradual change of species in an area; primary succession occurs in an area
that has no plants/animals/soil; secondary succession occurs in an ecosystem that has been
disturbed
21. monoculture: only a single plant species
e.g., a field of corn, a palm oil tree plantation, etc
extra questions...
1. What are the major features of ferns?
2. What kind of growth are apical meristems responsible for?
5. Where are the upper/lower epidermis of a leaf and what is their purpose?
6. Give 1 example of how a plant’s root structure is well-adapted to its specific environment.
7. What is the difference between taproots and adventitious roots?
10. What are two of the macronutrients required by plants?
11. What is a natural fertilizer? Give 1 example of a natural fertilizer.
13. What causes water to be transported up large trees?
12. What is one beneficial effect of forest fires?
13. What are 2 problems caused by monocultures?
14. What are 2 alternatives to using pesticides?
15. What is the purpose of artificial selection in agriculture?
16. Give 2 examples of fibres provided by plant materials.
14. What is biological accumulation? biological magnification?
15. What percentage of the world’s food supply is provided by animals?
16. Give 2 examples of fuels provided by plant materials.
Plants Review Sheet #3
2. What kind of growth are lateral meristems responsible for?
3. What is the purpose of xylem? phloem?
4. What is the purpose of stomata? How is their opening/closing regulated?
6. Give 1 example of how a plant’s stem structure is well-adapted to its specific environment.
7. What does the cork cambium produce? What does the vascular cambium produce?
8. What is the difference between heartwood and sapwood?
10. Name 2 of the micronutrients required by plants.
11. What is a synthetic fertilizer? Give 1 example of a synthetic fertilizer.
12. What is biodiversity? Why is biodiversity of plants important?
13. What is DDT? What was it used for? What were some effects caused by its use?
14. What are the top 3 major food crops in the world?
15. Give 3 examples of important plant food products that have little nutritional value.
16. What are 3 uses of wood and wood products?
1. What are some negative effects of forest fires?
2. Where are stomata found? What is their purpose?
stomata are tiny pores found in the epidermis of leaves (mostly on the lower epidermis);
they regulate the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen
3. What 3 macronutrients are present in most fertilizers?
4. Give 2 examples of naturally-occurring plant growth regulators (other than ethylene).