NAME ______DATE ______
Unit 6 – Chapters 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 49, 50
Plant Form and Function
Chapter 35: Plant Structure, Growth and Development
35.1 The plan body has a hierarchy of organs, tissues, and cells.
Use the information on page 744-745 to fill out the following table:
Type of Plant Cells / Summarization of functionParenchyma Cells
Collenchyma Cells
Sclerenchyma Cells
Water-Conducting Cells of the Xylem
Sugar-Conducting Cells of the Phloem
35.3 Primary growth lengthens roots and shoots
1. Describe the process of roots growing.
Chapter 39: Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals
39.1 Signal transduction pathways link signal reception to response
1. Summarize and review signal transduction pathways. Include secondary messengers.
39.2 Plant hormones help coordinate growth, development, and responses to stimuli
2. Summarize table 39.1 (page 827) in your own table below.
Hormone / Where it is found in the plant / Major FunctionsAuxin (IAA)
Cytokinins
Gibberellins
Brassinosteroids
Abscisic acid (ABA)
Ethylene
Animal Form and Function
Chapter 40: Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function
40.2 Feedback control loops maintain the internal environment in many animals.
1. Define homeostasis and give two examples.
2. Which feedback loop does not usually contribute to homeostasis?
3. Describe a negative feedback loop. Describe a positive feedback loop.
40.3 Homeostatic processes for thermoregulation involve form, function, and behavior.
4. Define thermoregulation, endothermic and ectothermic.
6. What does the hypothalamus do and how does it use feedback mechanisms for thermoregulation.
Chapter 43: The Immune System
43.1 In innate immunity, recognition and response rely on shared traits of pathogens
1. Define pathogens.
2. Compare innate immunity with acquired immunity. Use figure 43.2.
3. Describe phagocytosis using figure 43.3.
5. How do interferons help fight viruses?
43.2 In acquired immunity, lymphocyte receptors provide pathogen-specific recognition
6. In acquired immunity, lymphocytes are a main player. What role do T cellsand B cells play in acquired immunity?
7. Define antigen.
8. How do lymphocytes amplify the immune response?
9. Describe the differences between the primary immune response and the secondary immune response.
43.3 Acquired immunity defends against infection of body cells and fluids
9. The acquired immune response involves both the humoral immune response and cell-mediated immune response. Describe what cells are involved in each process (humoral – B Cells and cell mediated – cytotoxic t cells) and their roles.
10. Describe the role of helper T cells.
Chapter 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion
44.5 Hormonal circuits link kidney function, water balance, and blood pressure
1. Describe how antidiuretic hormone (ADH) helps maintain osmoregulation and homeostasis.
Chapter 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System
45.1 Hormones and other signaling molecules bind to target receptors, triggering specific response pathways
1. Define hormones and describe some of their functions.
2. What body system are hormones associated with?
45.2 Negative feedback and antagonistic hormone pairs are common features of the endocrine system
2. Describe how blood sugar is controlled with insulin and glucagon.
45.3 The endocrine and nervous systems act individually and together in regulating animal physiology
3. How is oxytocin an example of a positive feedback mechanism?
4. What will happen if you have hypersecretion of growth hormone or hyposecretion of growth hormone?
Chapter 48: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling48.1 Neuron organization and structure reflect function in information transfer
1. Identify dendrites, axon, synapsis and neurotransmitters.
48.2 Ion pumps and ion channels maintain the resting potential of a neuron
2. What is the membrane potential of a resting neuron?
48.3 Action potentials are the signals conducted by axons
3. Action potentials travel along the axon to the synapsis. What is an action potential and how is it created?
48.4 Cells communicate with other cells at synapses
5. How does a chemical synapse work?
Chapter 49: Nervous Systems
49.1 Nervous systems consist of circuits of neurons and supporting cells
1. Look at figure 49.3. Explain the figure in your own words.
Chapter 50: Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
50.5 The physical interaction of protein filaments is required for muscle function
1. A muscle fiber is composed of myofibrils. What are the myofibrils composed of?
2. A sarcomere is the basic contractile unit of the muscle. Draw a diagram of sarcomere in a relaxed muscle and a contracted muscle.
Sarcomere in a relaxed muscle / Sarcomere in a contracted muscle3. Describe how actin and myosin interact to cause a muscle contraction.
4. What role do the calcium play in a muscle contraction?