Physics First Semester Exam Review

  1. Contrast constant speed, constant velocity, and constant acceleration. ______
    ______
  2. What formula is used to calculate average acceleration? ______
  3. Describe an object’s velocity and acceleration as it falls freely in a vacuum. ______
    ______
  4. Describe what happens to the speed and distance each second an object falls in free fall. ______
    ______
  5. A ball tossed vertically upward rises, reaches its highest point, and then falls back to its starting point. During this time the acceleration of the ball is always ______.
  6. What formula is used to calculate average speed? ______
  7. What is the value of the acceleration of an object in free fall? ______
  8. If a projectile is fired straight up at 30 m/s, how long would it take it to return to its starting point? ______
  9. Suppose a jumper claims a hang time of 2 seconds. What vertical distance is the jumper able to jump? ______
  10. After a cannonball is fired into frictionless space, how much force is needed to keep it going? ______
  11. What would happen to planets if the force of gravity suddenly stopped acting on them? ______
  12. Why is it that a sheet of paper can be withdrawn from under a container of milk without toppling it if the paper is jerked quickly? ______
  13. If an object has twice as much mass as another object, then the first object also has twice as much ______.
  14. Compared to its weight on Earth, a 10 kg object on the moon will weigh ______.
  15. At which of the following locations would you have the largest mass of gold if your chunk of gold weighed 1 N? the moon, Jupiter, or Earth ______
  16. How do you calculate the weight of an object if you know its mass in kg? ______
  17. An object weighs 30 N on Earth and a second object weighs 30 N on the moon. Which has a greater mass? ______
  18. You and your friend are jumping on a trampoline. Why does Earth, which is rapidly orbiting around the sun, not move under your feet when you jump? ______
    ______
  19. A book weighs 4 N. When held at rest in your hands, the net force on the book is ______.
  20. What equation relates net force, mass, and acceleration? ______
  21. A box is dragged without acceleration in a straight-line path across a level surface by a force of 13 N. Describe the frictional force between the box and the surface. ______
  22. A tennis ball and a solid steel ball with the same diameter are dropped at the same time. Which ball has the greater force acting on it? ______
  23. A block is at rest on an incline. The force of friction necessary to prevent the block from sliding increases when the incline angle is ______
  24. A 20 N falling object encounters 4 N of air resistance. What is the net force on the object? ______
  25. A student hits a nail with a hammer. During the collision, there is a force on the ______.
  26. A player catches a ball. Consider the action force to be the impact of the ball against the player’s glove. What is the reaction to this force? ______
  27. As a ball falls, the action force is the pull of Earth’s mass on the ball. What is the reaction to this force? ______
  28. A bug splatters against the windshield of a moving car. Compared to the force of the car on the bug, the force of the bug on the car is ______.
  29. A karate chop delivers a blow of 2300 N to a board that breaks. The force that acts on the hand during this ______
  30. Suppose two people, one having three times the mass of the other, pull on opposite sides of a 20 m rope while on frictionless ice. After a brief time the meet. The more massive person slides a distance of ______.
  31. Suppose you accidentally drive into a tree. Describe the interaction between your car and the tree. ______
  32. If your car runs out of gas, why can’t you push on the car’s windshield from the inside to move it? ______
  33. At the instant a ball is thrown horizontally with a large force, an identical ball is dropped from the same height. Which ball hits the ground first? ______
  34. Describe the resultant of a pair of 6-unit vectors at right angles to each other. ______
  35. Suppose a small plane can fly at 170 km/h relative to the surrounding air. Suppose also that there is a 60 km/h tailwind. How fast does the plane’s shadow move across the ground? ______
  36. A cannon with a barrel velocity of 140 m/s launches a cannonball horizontally from a tower. Neglecting air resistance, how far vertically will the cannonball have fallen after 4 s? ______
  37. What is the minimum resultant possible when adding a 5-N force to an 8-N force? ______
  38. Describe a vector representing the weight of a person. ______
  39. A 100-N lantern is suspended by a pair of ropes with 120 degrees between them. Describe the tension in each rope. ______
  40. Suppose you try loosening a nut with a wrench, and the nut doesn’t give at all. How could you increase your chance of success? ______
  41. A meter stick is balanced at the 50.0 cm mark. You tie a 10.0 N weight at the 15.0 mark. Where should a 30.0 N weight be placed so the meter stick will again be balanced? ______
  42. A cannonball is launched from the ground at an angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal and a speed of 30 m/s. With no air resistance the ball will land on the ground with a speed of ______.
  43. A projectile is fired horizontally in a vacuum. Why does it maintain its horizontal component of speed? ______
  44. A cannonball is launched horizontally from a tower. If the cannon has a barrel velocity of 60 m/s, where will the cannonball be 1 s later? ______
  45. Describe the potential and kinetic energy of a pendulum swinging back and forth. ______
    ______
  46. What formula is used to calculate work? ______
  47. A ball is thrown into the air with 100 J of kinetic energy, which is transformed to gravitational potential energy at the top of its trajectory. Describe its kinetic energy when it returns to its original level after encountering air resistance. ______
  48. What equation relates kinetic energy, mass, and velocity? ______
  49. What equation is used to calculate power? ______
  50. What equation is used to calculate momentum? ______
  51. What is the purpose of padded dashboards in cars? ______
  52. A cannon recoils from launching a cannonball. Why is the speed of the cannon’s recoil small? ______
  53. A moving freight car runs into an identical car at rest on the track. The cars couple together. Compare the velocity of the first car before the collision to the velocity of the combined cars after the collision. ______
  54. What formula describes the law of conservation of momentum? ______
  55. A truck travels north with a momentum of 2600 kg km/s, and a motorcycle heads west with a momentum of 1500 kg km/s. The motorcycle hits the truck. If the two vehicles collide and then stick together, what is the momentum and direction of travel? ______
  56. Compare the period of a satellite in orbit close to Earth to the period of a satellite in orbit far from Earth. ______
  57. Where does a satellite in an elliptical orbit have the greatest kinetic energy? ______
    ______
  58. What is temperature? ______
  59. What is heat? ______
  60. The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a ______specific heat capacity.
  61. If the specific heat capacity of water were higher than it is, lakes would be ______likely to freeze.
  62. When an iron ring is heated, the hole______.
  63. One thousand calories of heat are added to 150 g of water when its temperature is 33 degrees Celsius. What is the resulting temperature of the water? ______
  64. Which releases the most energy, 100 g of water cooling 50 degrees Celsius or 100 g of iron cooling 50 degrees Celsius? The specific heat of iron is 0.12 cal/g°C. ______
  65. Your grandmother places a pitcher of iced tea next to a plate of warm, freshly baked cookies so that the pitcher and the plate are touching. You tell your grandmother that the plates are in thermal contact, which means that ______.
  66. State the first law of thermodynamics. ______
    ______
  67. State the second law of thermodynamics. ______
    ______
  68. Define entropy. ______
  69. 80 J of heat are added to a system that performs 55 J of work. The internal energy change of the system is ______.
  70. What is the formula for Newton’s law of universal gravitation? ______
  71. If you were to weigh yourself in an elevator that is accelerating upward, compared to your ordinary weight you would weigh ______
  72. If you were to weigh yourself in an elevator that is in free fall, compared to your ordinary weight, you would weigh ______
  73. Why does a piece of metal feel colder than a piece of wood at the same temperature? ______
    ______
  74. If you whirl a tin can on the end of a string and the string suddenly breaks, the can will ______
    ______
  75. An object that has kinetic energy must have ______.
  76. Describe an object at rest in terms of energy, speed, velocity, and momentum. ______
    ______
  77. A heavy object and a light object are released from rest at the same height and time in a vacuum. As they fall they have equal ______.
  78. Define work. ______
  79. Describe an elastic collision. ______
  80. Suppose a girl is standing on a pond where there is no friction between her feet and the ice. In order to get off the ice she can ______
  81. A meteor that originally was heading south breaks up into two chunks. One of the chunks moves southwest. The second chunk was not immediately found, but scientists guessed that they should look for an object heading ______.
  82. A large truck and a small car traveling at the same speed have a head-on collision. The vehicle to undergo the greater change in velocity will be ______.
  83. Two people sit on a balanced seesaw. When one person leans toward the center of the seesaw, that person’s end of the seesaw will ______
  84. The fastest moving planet in a solar system is ______
  85. An object is placed exactly halfway between Earth and the moon. The object will fall toward ______.