ANNALES
UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA
LUBLIN - POLONIA

VOL.LX,SUPPL.XVI,629SECTIOD 2005

PhysicalEducationandPhysiotherapyFaculty,TechnicalUniversityinOpole1

CherkasyNationalUniversiti,Ukraine2

JózefWojnar1,MakarenkoNikolaj2,DariuszNawarecki1,

MenshyhElena2,PetrenkoYurij2,PustovalovViktor2

Physicaldevelopmentandindividual-typologicalpropertypeculiaritiesoftheschoolchildren’snervous system

Typologiczneodrębnościukładunerwowegoumłodzieży szkolnej

Ahumanorganismatthestageofindividualdevelopmentistheharmoniousentitywithfeaturescharacteristicforeachageperiod.Recentlythepapersreportingthestudiesconcerningthehumanintegralpsychophysiologicalindividualityhaveappeared[2,3,4,6,8,12].Atthesametimethereislittlepracticalmaterialpermittingtospeakreallyabouttheavailabilityoftheintegralpsychophysiologicalindividuality.Thequestionabouttheformationofthepsychophysiologicalindividualityintheontogenesisremainsunanswered.Asapsychophysiologicalindividualityistheorganismfunctionsandpropertiesconnectedwithoneanotherandfixedhereditarily,theirdevelopmentintheontogenesismaybeinfluencedbymechanismsregulatingthem.Accordingtothispointofviewitwasimportanttoinvestigatetheconnectionbetweenthephysicaldevelopmentandtheindividual-typologicalpropertiesofthenervousprocessesintheontogenesisoftheschoolchildren.

Materialandmethods

NPFM,NPPandphysicaldevelopmentcoefficientweredeterminedin423boysand440girlsaged7-16.Theinvestigationandevaluationofthefunctionalmobilityandnervousprocessesintensitywerecarriedoutusingthecomputersystem“Diagnost–1”intheregimeofadverseconnection.TheevaluationmeasureoftheNPFMinthiscasewasthetimeofperformingatask.Thetestwaspresentedforthreetimesfrom120stimuli(geometricfigures).NPFMwasevaluatedaccordingtothebestperformanceresult.Threetimestestingwasstipulatedbythefactthatthespeedindexofinformationprocessingreachedthemostoptimalandstablemeaningduringthefirstthreeattempts.NPPwasevaluatedaccordingtotheindexofprocessedinformationgeneralamountfor5minutesofthework.ThedeterminationofthenervousprocessespowerwasrealizedaftertheevaluationoftheNPFM.Forthephysicaldevelopmentevaluation,wedeterminedthephysicaldevelopmentcoefficient(PDC).PDCisanintegralmorphofunctionalindexpermittingtocomparequantitativelytheindividualmeaningandrepeatedexaminations[5].Bodylength(BL)andweight(BW)weremeasured,cardiorespirationindexes–heartrateinthestateofrest(HR)andafter20squats(HRs)wereregistered,thelifelungcapacity(LLC),respirationdelaybreathingin(RDin)andout(RDout)weredetermined.Physicaldevelopmentcoefficientwascalculatedaccordingtotheformulatakingintoaccountfactandaveragepopulationindexesdefinedaccordingtothetables[1].Allexaminedpersonswereinformedastothewholemethodcomplexatthebeginningoftheexamination.TheobtaineddatawasprocessedwiththeuseofcomputerstatisticsprogramMicrosoftExcel.

Results

Theanalysisofthephysicaldevelopmentresultspermittedtodiscoverthegradualdevelopmentofthemorphofunctionalindexesinpersonsaged7-16.Buttheratesofthesechangeswasnotsimilarincertainageandsexgroups(Fig.1).

Fig.1.Agedynamicsofthephysicaldevelopmentcoefficientboysandgirls7-16years;*-significanceofaverage(р<0,05)indexdifferencesamonggirlsandboys

AveragestatisticmeaningsofthePDCwerehigherthan1.05inboysandgirlsinthisagegroup.Itprovedthefactthatmostoftheinvestigatedphysicaltrainingparametersintheexaminedpersonsaged7-8surpassedthestandardvalues.Thephysicaldevelopmentintheagegroupof9-13wasslowingdownonthebackgroundoffurtherincreasingitsparameters.ThePDCindexintheagegroupof13-16changedalittleexceptforslightincreaseattheageof14.PDCofthegirlsaged7-12washigherthan1.05andsurpassedsimilarboys’indexes.ThePDCindexesincreasedattheboyssince13ascomparedwiththegirls(p<0.05).

Theagedynamicsofthemainnervousprocessespropertieswiththeschoolchildrenaged7-16showedthattherewasagradualdevelopmentoftheHNAtypologicalproperties,specificallyNPFMandNPF(Fig.2).

Fig.2.Agedynamicsofthenervousprocessesfunctionalmobilityamongtheboysandgirlsaged7-16.

TheNPFMparametersoftheschoolboysandschoolgirlsimprovedgradually,thetimeofinformationprocessingattheageof7-16decreasedconformingly.ThelowestNPFMindexesofboysandgirlsweredeterminedinthegroupsofpersonsaged7.Theirtimeofperformingtaskrangedfrom88.2till89.4s.Thetimeofinformationprocessingdecreasedgraduallytotheleastvalueattheageof16(66.79–70.25s.)indicatingaboutincreasingthenervousprocessfunctionalmobility.BesidesNPFMindexeswereidenticalamongtheboysandgirlsofthewholeageperiodandpresentednosignificantdifferences(p>0.05).

IntheresultsoftheNPPinvestigationthelowestindexesoftheNPFMweredeterminedtobeinthegroupoftheinvestigatedpersonsaged7(Fig.3).

Fig.3.Agedynamicsofthenervousprocesspoweramongtheboysandgirlsaged7-16.

Bothboysandgirlsofthisageprocessed428.0-432.7stimuliintheaverageduring5minutesofthework.Thesunjectsaged16increasedsufficientlytheamountofprocessedinformationto598.8-643.7stimuli,whichindicatedanincreaseofthebrainworkcapacityandthemainnervousprocesspower.Besides,significantdifferenceastotheaverageNPPindexeswasnotdiscoveredamongtheboysandgirlsaged7-16(p>0.05).Age-relatedincreaseoftheindexesoffunctionalmobilityandnervousprocesspowermaybeexplainedwithgradualmaturingofthecortexprecentraldepartment[9],improvingintercentralinterrelationsofthecortexassociationzones[10,11].Wetriedtodiscovertheperiodsoftheintensiveincreaseorthedevelopmentdecelerationofeveryinvestigatedparameterhenceforth.Wecalculated“relativedevelopmentspeed”accordingtoShmalgauzen[13].Thisvalueequalstheratioofdifferencebetweenthenextindexandthepreviousonetothevalueofthepreviousindex.Therelativedevelopmentspeedoftheinvestigatedindexescalculatedaccordingtothisformulapermitstomakequantitycomparison(Fig.4).

Fig.4.RelativeDevelopmentspeed-PDC,-NPPD,-NPPamongtheboys(А)andgirls(B)aged7-16.

Thehighestrelativephysicaldevelopmentvelocitywasdiscoveredamongtheboysandgirlsaged13-14,conformingtotheperiodofpubertalleap.ThehighestgrowthspeedforNPPDandNPPparameterswasobservedintheotherageperiods.So,NPPDandNPPvalueincreasedfasterthanphysicaldevelopmentindexesinbothsexgroupsaged7-8and10-11.NPPDandNPPcontinuedtodevelopfastattheageperiodof9-12andafter15-16,physicaldevelopmentchangedcomparativelylittle.Thefactmustbestressedthatthephysicaldevelopmentratenotonlyincreasedbutonthecontrarydecreasedattheageof8-9,12-13and14-15,thatcoincidedwithinsufficientchangesofNPPDandNPP.

Thusthewholecomplexofobtainedresultspermitstodistinguishthefollowingstagesofthephysicalandneurodynamicdevelopmentofschoolboysandschoolgirls:attheageof7-16thegradualandirregulardevelopmentofthemorphofunctionalandneurodynamicorganismpropertieswereobserved;theperiodsofcoordinatingphysicaldevelopmentandindividual-typologicalorganismpropertieswerechosen(13-14yearsold);thetemperatechangesoftheneurodynamicindexeswereobservedonthebackgroundofphysicaldevelopmentinhibitingattheageof9-12;twomoreageperiods(7-8and10-11)arechosenwhentheintensivechangesofNPPDandNPPoccurredonthebackgroundofthetemperatephysicaldevelopment;coordinatingoutphysicaldevelopmentandindividual-typologicalpropertiesofthenervoussystem(increasingNPPDandNPPdevelopmentrateonthebackgroundofthephysicaldevelopmentinhibiting)wasdiscoveredamongbothinvestigatedgroupsaged8-9,12-13and14-15.

Socomplicatedconformitieswereobservedintheagechangedynamicsoftheneurodynamicfunctionsandphysicaldevelopmentparameters.Theageperiodischosenwhenphysicaldevelopmentandneurodynamicfunctionratescoordinatedattheageof15-16forboysandgirls.Slowingdownmorphofunctionalparameterdevelopmentwasdiscoveredintheotherageperiods8-13and14-15ontheratestabilisationbackgroundofneurodynamicparametersdevelopment.Rateincreasingofthephysicaldevelopmentparametersdevelopmentwasdistinguishedonthestabilisationbackgroundoftheindividual-typologicalHNSpropertiesofboysandgirlsaged13-14.

Conclusions

  1. TheresearchresultsindicatedthegradualandirregularperfectionanddevelopmentofthetypologicalHNApropertiesandphysicaldevelopmentparametersattheageperiodof7-16.
  2. Theageperiods(7-8,13-14and14-15)whendevelopmentratesofmorphofunctionalparametersandneurodynamicpropertiescoincidingwerechosenintheagechangedynamicsoftheneurodynamicfunctionsandphysicaldevelopmentparameters.Increasingdevelopmentratesoftheneurodynamicindexesoccurredonthebackgroundofthephysicaldevelopmentdecelerationintheotherageperiods(8-13and14-15).

Literature

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Summary

Theconnectionofthephysicaldevelopmentwiththefunctionalmobilityandthepowerofthemainnervousprocesseswasinvestigated.Thepropertyofthenervousprocessesfunctionalmobility(NPFM)wasdeterminedaccordingtothemaximumspeedunmistakendifferentiationofthepositiveandnegativestimulus.Thenervousprocessespower(NPP)wasdefinedaccordingtothegeneralamountofthepresentedandprocessedinformationforadefiniteperiod.Theanthropometricindexesaswellasthecardiorespirationsystemparametersinthestateofrestandafterthefunctionaltestwereusedforthedefinitionofthephysicaldevelopmentcoefficient(PDC).Theindexesofthephysicaldevelopmentandnervoussystemindividual-typologicalpropertiesamongtheyoungstersweredeterminedtoincreasegraduallyandirregular.Thecomplexinterrelationswerediscoveredintheagechangedynamicsofthehighernervousactivitytypologicalpropertiesandphysicaldevelopmentindexes.Theageperiods(7-8,13-14,15-16)whentherateofthephysicalandneurodynamicdevelopmentbeingconformedweredefined.Physicaldevelopmentdelaywasdiscoveredonthebackgroundofincreasingformationratesoftheneurodynamicfunctionsattheotherageperiods(8-13,14-15).

Streszczenie

Autorzybadalizwiązkurozwojufizycznegoznatężeniempodstawowychprocesównerwowych.Określonoczynnościowązmiennośćprocesównerwowychnapodstawieszybkościreakcjinabodźceiróżnicowaniabodźcówpozytywnychinegatywnych.Natężenieprocesównerwowychocenianoobliczającilośćprzetworzonychinformacjiwdanymokresie.Wskaźnikiantropometryczneorazparametryukładuoddechowegoikrążeniawspoczynkuipowysiłkuprzedstawionojakowspółczynnikrozwojufizycznego(PDC).Stwierdzono,żerozwójfizycznyiumysłowydzieciimłodzieżyjeststopniowyinieregularny.Wykrytozłożonewspółzależnościwzakresiedynamikizmianwyższejczynnościnerwowejorazwskaźnikówrozwojufizycznego.Określonoprzedziaływiekowe,wktórychrozwójfizycznyineurodynamicznyprzebiegająrównolegleorazprzedziały,wktórychrozwójfizycznyzwalniaprzyjednoczesnymprzyspieszeniurozwojuumysłowego.

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