FLASHCARD CENTRAL

The following polyatomic ions MUST be memorized:

The best way is to make flashcards. You will be quizzed on these in approximately one week.

Note that there are TWO ways to write the acetate ion – you are responsible for both.

NAME / SYMBOL
Hydroxide ion / OH-1
Cyanide ion / CN-1
Nitrate ion / NO3-1
Acetate ion / C2H3O2-1
Acetate ion / CH3COO-1
Sulfate ion / SO4-2
Carbonate ion / CO3-2
Phosphate ion / PO4-3
Ammonium ion / NH4+1


BONDING READING GUIDE

1. The chemical behavior of atoms is determined by their ______, more specifically, by their ______electrons, which are also referred to as VALENCE ELECTRONS.

2. How many valence electrons do each of the following atoms have?

oxygen ____ sodium ____ nitrogen ____ calcium ____

3.State the OCTET RULE:

3. Define the following terms:

CHEMICAL BOND

IONIC BOND

COVALENT BOND

4. Discuss the following statement: "Ionic and covalent bonds exist on a continuum."

5. Explain the difference between polar and nonpolar covalent bonds:

6. Indicate the type of bonding in each of the following compounds:

NaF SiBr4

PI3 H2O

Cr2O3 NiO


7. Indicate the types of elements that form each of the following:

covalent bonds ______, ______

metallic bonds ______, ______

ionic bonds ______, ______

8. Chemical bonds occur when the atoms' ______

is lowered by the change. Therefore, the formation of chemical bonds is often an energy ______process.

9. Define the following:

MOLECULE

DIATOMIC MOLECULE

MOLECULAR COMPOUND

CHEMICAL FORMULA

MOLECULAR FORMULA

10. Atoms share electrons by overlapping ______.

11. State the OCTET RULE:

12. Are there exceptions to the octet rule? ______

13. Examples of ATOMS (not compounds) that are

often surrounded by fewer than eight electrons include ____ and ____.

14. Examples of ATOMS (not compounds) that are

often surrounded by more than eight electrons include ____, ____ and ___.

PHYSICAL SCIENCE – COMPOUNDS AND NOMENCLATURE

A.  Complete the chart, in your notes, of properties of ionic and covalent COMPOUNDS.

B. Using Chapter 12, complete a similar chart for metals and nonmetals (ELEMENTS!!!).

C.  For covalent compounds, a different naming scheme is used, where the number of each type of atom is indicated by a prefix. How many does each prefix indicate?

____ mon(o)- (usually dropped) ____ di- ____ tri-

____ tetra- ____ penta- ____ hexa-

1.  Indicate whether each of the following is an ioinc (I) or covalent (C) compound:

___ H2O ___ NaCl ___ KNO3 ___ OF2

___ Na2O ___ BrCl ___ NaOH ___ Li2S

___ CaSO4 ___ CuO ___ NH4NO3 ___ SO3

___ KCN ___ CCl4 ___ FeSO4 ___ CO

___ (NH4)2CO3 ___ PF5 ___ NH3 ___ SnS

2.  Now, go back and name each of the compounds in #1, in the space provided under the formulas.

3.  As a separate packet, turn in, on ______, the following:

A.  Section review 11.3

B.  Section Review 11.4

C.  All (except “Projects”) of the Chapter 11 Chapter Review, WRITTEN OUT!

4.  Define each of the following terms, which apply to covalent compounds:

MOLECULE

POLAR MOLECULE

NONPOLAR MOLECULE

COVALENT BOND

DOUBLE BOND

TRIPLE BOUND

5. For each of the following covalent compounds, provide a name, the electron dot structure, and the line structure:

___ H2O ___ HCl ___ NCl3 ___ SF2

___ PI3 ___ ICl ___ CF4 ___ OCl2

___ CBr4 ___ CO2 ___ NH3 ___ SF6