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Physical Education Studies
YEAR 11
2B Examination
2011
Marking Key
Year 11 Physical Education Studies 2011 Stage 2B Marking Guide 2
Section One: Multiple-Choice 20 Marks
Question / Answer1 / B
2 / C
3 / C
4 / C
5 / B
6 / A
7 / A
8 / B
9 / A
10 / D
11 / D
12 / A
13 / B
14 / D
15 / C
16 / A
17 / A
18 / D
19 / C
20 / A
END OF SECTION ONE
Section Two: Short answer 35% (50 MARKS)
Question 21 (6 marks)
a) Explain the type of feedback that is most effective for the beginner.
(2 marks)
Description / Max 2 MarksMore prescriptive- suggest a way to correct a problem. / 1 mark
Knowledge of results – gives them a reference point. / 1 mark
Own internal and external feedback – less augmented feedback. / 1 mark
Immediate – the earlier the better. / 1 mark
Terminal – at the end of the performance. / 1 mark
b) Explain the type of feedback required by the skilled performer.
(2 marks)
Description / Max 2 MarksDescriptive – they have sufficient knowledge to correct themselves. / 1 mark
Augmented (Extrinsic)– form a coach, video analysis etc. / 1 mark
Knowledge of performance. / 1 mark
Delayed – they need time to digest their own feedback. / 1 mark
Terminal – after the performance is completed. / 1 mark
c) Discuss why there is a difference in the feedback required by a beginner and a skilled performer.
(2 marks)
Description / Max 2 MarksBeginners do not have a reference point. / 1 mark
Beginner changes are more major. / 1 mark
Beginners may not relate the feedback to the performance if not immediate. / 1 mark
Knowledge of performance provides detailed and technical information for skilled athletes about timing and sequence. / 1 mark
Changes for skilled athletes are finer. / 1 mark
Skilled athletes need time to digest their own feedback. / 1 mark
Question 22 (4 marks)
Describe what is meant by extrinsic feedback and give two examples.
(4 marks)
Description / 2 MarksFeedback athletes receive from outside the performance. / 1 mark
Knowledge of performance and knowledge of results. / 1 mark
Examples / Max 2 Marks
Sound - e.g. the tennis ball hitting the sweet spot of the racquet. / 1 mark
Sight e.g. video. / 1 mark
Stimuli received from coaches e.g. what the player is doing well. / 1 mark
Stimuli received from fellow performers e.g. excitement. / 1 mark
Stimuli received from spectators e.g. crowd cheering. / 1 mark
Question 23 (6 marks)
a) Describe three characteristics of Fast Twitch muscle fibres.
(3 marks)
Description / Max 3 MarksProduce ATP via Aerobic pathway. / 1 mark
Allows for rapid speed of contraction. / 1 mark
Large amount of force production. / 1 mark
Fatigue quickly. / 1 mark
White. / 1 mark
Large. / 1 mark
Low myoglobin content. / 1 mark
Low level of capillarisation. / 1 mark
Any other correct answer. / 1 mark
b) Describe three characteristics of slow twitch muscle fibres.
(3 marks)
Description / Max 3 MarksUse oxygen to produce ATP (Aerobic). / 1 mark
Slow speed of contraction. / 1 mark
Produce small amount of force. / 1 mark
Resistant to fatigue. / 1 mark
Red. / 1 mark
High level of capillarisation. / 1 mark
Any other correct answer. / 1 mark
Question 24 (6 marks)
a) Describe the movements known as dorsi-flexion and plantar-flexion.
(2 marks)
Description / 2 MarksDorsi-Flexion
Action at the ankle joint that involve pulling the toes back towards the shins. / 1 mark
Plantar-Flexion
Action at the ankle joint that involves pointing the toes. / 1 mark
b) Identify the major muscles involved in these movements and explain how they work together to allow these movements to occur.
(4 marks)
Description / 4 MarksMuscles
Gastrocnemius/Soleus. / 1 mark
Tibialis Anterior. / 1 mark
Dorsi-Flexion – Gastrocnemius/Soleus lengthens, Tibialis Anterior contracts. / 1 mark
Plantar-Flexion – Gastrocnemius contracts, Tibialis Anterior lengthens. / 1 mark
Question 25 (9 marks)
When athletes coordinate linear motion they use either a simultaneous or a sequential motion.
a) Describe what is meant by simultaneous motion and give an example of a sporting activity where the athlete uses simultaneous motion.
(3 marks)
Description / 3 MarksSimultaneous motion – When body segments are moved at the same time (simultaneously). / 1 mark
Includes - to achieve accuracy rather than velocity. / 1 mark
Example
One of - Free throw in basketball/throwing a dart, putting in golf. / 1 mark
Sir Isaac Newton discovered the three laws of motion.
b) State Newton’s second law of motion.
(3 marks)
Description / 3 MarksThe acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the force acting on it and indirectly proportional to its mass. / 1 mark
The acceleration takes place in the direction of the force. / 1 mark
F=m x a. / 1 mark
c) Discuss how Newton’s second law of motion relates to throwing a discus.
(3 marks)
Description / Max 3 MarksTo increase the acceleration of the discus the force applied must increase. / 1 mark
Greater force applied to the discus will result in greater acceleration and hence greater velocity resulting in a longer throw. / 1 mark
If the mass of the discus is greater (1kg v 1.5kg) and the same force is applied the distance thrown will be smaller/ If the mass of the disc increases the force required to throw the same distance will increase. / 1 mark
Question 26 (6 marks)
Many sporting activities require the athlete to develop different components of fitness.
a) Identify three (3) components of fitness that are important in a possession game such as Basketball.
(3 marks)
Description / Max 3 MarksAgility. / 1 mark
Power. / 1 mark
Strength. / 1 mark
Speed. / 1 mark
Endurance / 1 mark
Flexibility. / 1 mark
Co-ordination. / 1 mark
b) Suggest a fitness test that is suitable for each of the three fitness components that you have identified.
(3 marks)
Description / Max 3 MarksAgility – Illinois Agility Test. / 1 mark
Power – Vertical Jump/Standing long jump/Stair climb test. / 1 mark
Strength – Grip test/Max bench press. / 1 mark
Speed – 10m/15m/20m/ Timed sprint. / 1 mark
Endurance – Shuttle run/beep test/15 minute run. / 1 mark
Flexibility – Sit and reach test. / 1 mark
Co-ordination – Dribbling two basketball at the same time. / 1 mark
Question 27 (7 marks)
One of the many principles of training is “Specificity”.
a) Describe the principle of “Specificity”. Include an example in your description. (3 marks)
Description / MarksHow the body adapts to training depends on the type of training undertaken. / 1 mark
To improve the ability to complete a certain exercise task the training that you do must be specific to the nature of that task. / 1 mark
Example- In order to improve speed the training activity must train the anaerobic energy system and involve high intensity sprinting. / 1 mark
b) Use the principle of specificity to explain the types of training that a coach would use for a midfield player in AFL or Hockey.
(4 marks)
Description / Max 4 MarksCardiovascular endurance – Continuous training. / 1 mark
Anaerobic power – repeated sprinting/Interval training. / 1 mark
Skill specific training – passing/kicking/handballing/tackling. / 1 mark
Flexibility training – dynamic stretching. / 1 mark
Any other correct response. / 1 mark
Question 28 (6 marks)
Different activities require different levels of arousal.
a) Identify one activity that requires a high level of arousal and explain what happens when the athlete is under aroused.
(3 marks)
Description / 1 MarkWeightlifting/Tackling in AFL, Rugby or other correct sport. / 1 mark
Under-arousal. / Max 2 marks
Lack motivation. / 1 mark
Not mentally or physically prepared for the activity. / 1 mark
c) Identify one activity that requires a low level of arousal and explain what happens when the athlete is over aroused.
(3 marks)
Description / Max 1 MarkPutt in golf/Archery/Scoring a goal from a stoppage e.g. mark, free kick, penalty, free throw. / 1 mark
Over-arousal / Max 2 Marks
Lack of concentration. / 1 mark
Lack of control of fine muscles. / 1 mark
Poor accuracy. / 1 mark
Section Three: Extended answer 21% (30 MARKS)
This section contains four (4) questions. You must answer two (2) questions. Write your answers in the space provided.
Question 29 [15 marks]
When performing a skill an athlete will process a large amount of information. Often the cues that they receive are continually changing.
a) Discuss the importance of feedback.
(6 marks)
Description / 6 MarksUsed to motivate. / 1 mark
Accurately discusses the role feedback plays in motivation. / 1 mark
Used to change immediate performance. / 1 mark
Accurately discusses the role feedback plays in changing immediate performance. / 1 mark
Used to reinforce what has been learned. / 1 mark
Accurately discusses the role feedback plays in reinforcing what has been learned. / 1 mark
b) Explain why it is important that feedback is effective and explain how a coach can ensure that the feedback they give is effective feedback.
(9 marks)
Description / Max 9 MarksSpecific not general. / 1 mark
Feedback should give precise information about what to do. / 1 mark
Constructive not destructive. / 1 mark
Feedback should suggest positive steps for improvement. / 1 mark
Sooner not later. / 1 mark
Feedback should be given as soon as possible after the performance when the athlete can remember how they ”felt” during the performance. / 1 mark
Clear and concise. / 1 mark
Improves the athletes ability to understand the feedback. / 1 mark
Positive and informative. / 1 mark
Motivates the performer and gives them information to work on. / 1 mark
Directed at behaviour that is changeable. / 1 mark
Helps the athlete focus on the part of the performance that can be modified. / 1 mark
OR
Question 30 [15 marks]
a) Describe the movement types that occur at the hip, knee and ankle joints when a player kicks a ball.
(3 marks)
Description / 3 MarksHip Extension followed by flexion. / 1 mark
Knee flexion followed by extension. / 1 mark
Ankle – Plantar-flexion followed by Dorsi-flexion. / 1 mark
b) Name the muscles responsible for each movement at the hip, knee and ankle and identify the agonist and antagonist involved in each movement.
(12 marks)
Description / 12 MarksHip Extension –Hamstrings – agonist. / 1 mark
Hip Extension – Quadriceps – antagonist. / 1 mark
Hip Flexion – Quadriceps – agonist. / 1 mark
Hip Flexion – Hamstrings – antagonist. / 1 mark
Knee Flexion – Hamstrings – agonist. / 1 mark
Knee Flexion – Quadriceps – antagonist. / 1 mark
Knee Extension – Quadriceps – agonist. / 1 mark
Knee Extension – Hamstrings – antagonist. / 1 mark
Ankle – Plantar-flexion – Gastrocnemius – agonist. / 1 mark
Ankle – Plantar-flexion – Tibialis Anterior – antagonist. / 1 mark
Ankle Dorsi-flexion – Tibialis Anterior – agonist. / 1 mark
Ankle Dorsi-flexion – Gastrocnemius – antagonist. / 1 mark
OR
Question 31 [15 marks]
A golfer is required to hit the golf ball with force and accuracy. The drive usually needs to go as far as possible while the put needs to be precise. The golfer should be balanced before, during and after the swing.
a) Explain how the golfer can achieve static balance?
(3 marks)
Description / Max 3 MarksArea of base of support – legs shoulder width apart. / 1 mark
Line of gravity within base of support – centre of gravity kept close to the centre of the base of support. / 1 mark
Low centre of gravity – bending the knees. / 1 mark
Mass – can increase their mass. / 1 mark
b) Use Newton’s three Laws of motion and the principle of “Summation of Forces” to explain how the golfer drives a ball the maximum distance possible.
(12 marks)
Description / 12 MarksNewton’s First Law / 2 marks
An object will remain at rest or in its state of motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force. / 1 mark
The ball will not move unless it is acted upon by a force produced by the golf club. / 1 mark
Newton’s second law / 2 marks
The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied, will be in the direction of the force and is indirectly proportional to the mass of the object. / 1 mark
For maximum distance the force produced by the golf club must be as large as possible. The larger the force applied the larger the acceleration of the golf ball. / 1 mark
Newton’s Third Law / 2 marks
For every action there is an equal and opposite action. / 1 mark
The force of the club on the ball is equal to the force of the ball on the club. / 1 mark
Summation of forces -To produce the maximum force possible / 6 marks
A stable base of support to allow movement of body weight in the direction of the hit. / 1 mark
Involve as many muscles/segments as possible. / 1 mark
Start with the largest muscle groups (segments) first/Move larger muscles sequentially to the smaller muscles (segments). / 1 mark
The transfer of energy across joints occurs when the larger segment has reached its maximum velocity. / 1 mark
Move the club head through the largest/longest arc possible (increase/maximise the range of motion. / 1 mark
The golfer must follow through so that the club does not slow down prior to contact. / 1 mark
OR