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Psychology Notes 4.1
Physical and Sexual Development
Adolescence is the ______period between childhood and adulthood.
In some ______, adolescence is not recognized as a separate stage of life; individuals move directly from childhood to adulthood.
But in our society adolescence is looked upon as a time of ______for adult responsibilities.
Initiation rites: ______in which an individual is admitted to new status or accepted into a new position.
Initiation rites are also known as ______, which can include:
celebration of birthdays at 16, 18 and 21
bar mitzvahs and bat mitzvahs
graduation from high school or college
weddings
Young people are undergoing complex ______and ______changes that effect them both personally and socially.
Theories of Adolescence
G. Stanley Hall (1904) saw the adolescent as a ______stage-
a fully grown______in a cage, an animal that sees freedom but does not know quite when freedom will occur or how to handle it.
Hall coined the phrase “______” meaning the teen is confused, troubled, and highly frustrated.
Margaret Mead (1920s) found in some cultures, adolescence is a highly ______time of life and not at all marked by storm and stress was a by-product of an industrialized society.
Proposed ______might play a role in development.
Robert Havighurst- every adolescent faces challenges in the form of ______tasks that must be mastered.
Accepting one’s physical makeup and acquiring a ______or feminine gender role
Developing appropriate ______with age-mates of both sexes
Becoming ______independent of parents and other adults
Achieving the assurance that one will become economically ______
Deciding on, preparing for, and entering a ______
Developing the ______skills and concepts necessary for social competence
Understanding and achieving socially ______behavior
Preparing for ______and family
Acquiring ______that are harmonious and appropriate
Most teens face ______, but find a way to deal with it.
The most ______of theses include the individual’s adjustment in childhood, the level of adjustment of his or her parents and peers, and the changes that occur during adolescence.
This time period is marked by major physical, social, emotional, and ______changes.
Physical Development
Puberty: sexual maturation; the ______and the point when reproduction is first possible
Hormones ______a series of internal and external changes.
Some girls start to mature physically as early as ______, while boys may start to matures between ______.
Just before puberty boys and girls experience a ______spurt.
Reactions to Growth- both
Teens conform to ideals of how a male or female their age should ______, dress, and look.
Most teens mention physical ______when they discuss what they don’t like about themselves.
Reactions to Growth –boys
Boys who mature early (______)
Become ______hero
Others look up to them/crushes
More ______and independent
Boys who mature late
Become ______
Display defiant behavior
Never ______
Reaction to Growth-girls
Mature early
Embarrassed
Date older boys (______)
Become bossy w/other people
Can be more ______
Mature late
Get along with peers
Less ______
But may not like themselves
Sexual Development
The physical changes that occur are accompanied by changes in ______and attitudes about sex.
The average age of ______is about ______, some three or four years later than in the 1950s.
Sexual Attitudes
Depending on your ______determines how much you know about sexual development.
In some societies children are kept in the ______about sex until just before they are married.
Whereas some are ______to engage in sexual play in the belief that such play will foster mature development.
Increase of Sexual Awareness
Many questions have been raised over the ______, religion and government in providing information and guidance about sex.
The teen birth rate has ______steadily since 1991.
Studies show that children of teenage mothers are more likely to ______teenage parents themselves, to do poorly in school, and likely to serve time in prison.
Diseases
Fear of sexually transmitted diseases and the ______epidemic have effected sexual attitudes.
More teens turning to______.