Pathways ch 8 - Navigation and Sea Dogs 3

The Portuguese and the Spanish Explorers

The leaders of Portugal realized early that national wealth relied upon trading and that trading relied upon mastery of the seas.

By 1550 Portugal, with the support and backing of its monarchs had already established trading posts and colonies in Africa, India, Brazil and Southeast Asia.

Portugal’s Crown Prince Henry not only encouraged exploration, but also built a school devoted to the study of navigation.

With each new discovery, new claims of ownership were being made. Spain and Portugal signed a secret treaty, proposed by the pope, to divide all undiscovered lands between the two of them.

The Treaty of Tordesillas did not seem to care that just because a land was new to Europe, did not mean that it was new to the people already living there.

Spain quickly came to be a world power on the back of a hired Italian explorer’s discovery of the Americas (Columbus).

The Spanish Captain Magellan and his crew were the first to circumnavigate the globe by rounding the end of South America.

Other explorers followed and each time brought back new trade good and new stories of far away places and peoples.

Pathways ch 8 - Navigation and Sea Dogs 3

Directions: Read pages 251-260 in your text Pathways - Civilization Through Time and answer the following questions on a separate piece of paper.

1. Provide definitions for the following vocabulary words:

strait circumnavigate the world itinerary

Cape of Good HopeCape Horn

2. Answer the following questions using COMPLETE SENTENCES:

a. What was Prince Henry of Portugal’s nickname and what did he do to advance exploration in the 15th Century? (2)

b. What was the secret treaty between Portugal and Spain? (what did it do?) (2)

c. Why did Christopher Columbus believe the world was round? (2)

3. Answer the following questions as they relate to the cartoon found on page 257 in Pathways .

Who are the people in the cartoon and what are they doing?

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Is the cartoon about a real incident or an issue? If so, identify it.

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What makes the cartoon funny?

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Does exaggeration play a role in conveying the message? How?

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4. Find your own editorial cartoon from a newspaper and briefly explain what it is about.

You will be marked out of 10 for the quality of your answers and for the quality of your editorial cartoon and explanation.