Pathology - exam questions for students of dentistry

I. General Pathology

  1. Necropsy; surgical pathology (methods; principles)
  2. Etiology; pathogenesis; causes of cell injury
  3. Death and postmortal changes

4.Necrosis; gangrene; apoptosis

5.Atrophy

6.Disorders of protein metabolism; amyloidosis

  1. Disorders of lipid metabolism; fatty change (steatosis)
  2. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism; diabetes mellitus; glycogen storage diseases
  3. Edema; dehydration
  4. Calcification; crystals; lithiasis
  5. Pigments (exogenous, endogenous, hematogenous)
  6. Jaundice
  7. Repair (regeneration; reparation)
  8. Adaptation (hypertrophy; hyperplasia, metaplasia)
  9. Inflammation (definition; classification; clinical manifestations)
  10. Inflammation (microscopic features – review)
  11. Acute and chronic inflammation
  12. Serous (catarrhal) and fibrinous inflammation
  13. Suppurative and gangrenous inflammation
  14. Specific (granulomatous) inflammation
  15. Disorders of the immune system (review); hypersensitivity; graft rejection
  16. Autoimmune diseases; immunodeficiency diseases
  17. Congestive heart failure
  18. Hypertrophy, dilatation and decompensation of the heart
  19. Local disorders of blood flow (review)
  20. Thrombosis; embolism; DIC syndrome
  21. Hyperemia; ischemia; infarction
  22. Hemorrhage; hemorrhagic diathesis
  23. Shock
  24. Genetic diseases – autosomal dominant
  25. Genetic diseases – autosomal recessive
  26. Genetic diseases – gonosomal and cytogenetic
  27. Environmental diseases (review)
  28. Adverse effects of smoking; pneumoconioses
  29. Injury by therapeutic agents and alcohol
  30. Nutritional diseases; obesity; malnutrition; vitamin deficiencies
  31. Bacterial infections (review); toxemia; bacteremia; sepsis; pyemia
  32. Bacterial infections: streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci
  33. Bacterial infections: meningococci, gonococci, Corynebacterium
  34. Bacterial infections: Hemophilus, Klebsiella, Legionella, Bordetella.
  35. Bacterial infections: Escherichia coli, Yersinia, Helicobacter, Pseudomonas.
  36. Bacterial infections: Salmonella. Shigella. Vibrio.
  37. Bacterial infections: Clostridium infections. Tularemia. Cat scratch disease.
  38. Bacterial infections: Leptospira. Borrelia. Treponematoses.
  39. Bacterial infections: Mycobacterioses (tuberculosis, leprosy).
  40. Bacterial infections: Actinomycosis. Rickettsiosis. Chlamydiosis.
  41. Viral infections: Herpes simplex. Varicella-zoster virus.
  42. Viral infections: Epstein-Barr virus. Cytomegalovirus.
  43. Viral infections: Papillomaviruses.
  44. Viral infections: Paramyxoviruses (measles, mumps). Togavirus (rubeola).
  45. Viral infections: Orthomyxoviruses. Rhabdoviruses. Arboviruses. Polioviruses.
  46. Viral infections: Acute and chronic viral hepatitis.
  47. Viral infections: HIV/AIDS.
  48. Mycotic infections.
  49. Parasitic infections.
  50. Sexually transmitted diseases.
  51. Pseudotumors (cyst; hamartoma; hyperplasia)
  52. Dysplasia; precancerous lesions
  53. Tumors (definition; classification)
  54. Carcinogenesis (etiology of cancer)
  55. Characteristics of benign and malignant neoplasms; paraneoplastic syndromes
  56. Tumor metastasis
  57. Grading and staging of cancer
  58. Benign mesenchymal tumors
  59. Malignant mesenchymal tumors
  60. Benign epithelial tumors
  61. Malignant epithelial tumors
  62. Neuroectodermal tumors.
  63. Germ cell tumors; mixed tumors; tumor multiplicity

II. Organ Pathology

  1. Atherosclerosis
  2. Vasculitis (review)
  3. Arterial aneurysms (review)
  4. Aortic aneurysms, aortic dissection
  5. Venous disorders; lymphatic disorders
  6. Tumors of vessels and heart
  7. Congestive heart failure
  8. Ischemic heart disease (review)
  9. Myocardial infarction
  10. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease
  11. Infective endocarditis, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
  12. Myocarditis; cardiomyopathy
  13. Systemic hypertension
  14. Pulmonary hypertension; cor pulmonale
  15. Pericardial diseases
  16. Anemias – general features, classification
  17. Myeloproliferative disorders
  18. Leukemias (review)
  19. Plasma cell disorders; Langerhans cell histiocytoses
  20. Bleeding disorders
  21. Lymph node pathology (review)
  22. Non-Hodgkin‘s lymphomas
  23. Hodgkin‘s disease
  24. Spleen pathology (review)
  25. Lesions of the upper respiratory tract, pharynx, and larynx (review)
  26. Tumors of the respiratory system - review
  27. Bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis
  28. Diffuse alveolar damage (DAD/ARDS)
  29. Bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia
  30. Tuberculosis
  31. Sarcoidosis
  32. Bronchogenic carcinoma
  33. Pleural lesions - review, mesothelioma
  34. Esophageal lesions – review
  35. Gastritis and peptic ulcer
  36. Small bowel lesions (review)
  37. Malabsorption syndrome
  38. Tumors of esophagus, stomach and small bowel
  39. Enterocolitis
  40. Bowel obstruction
  41. Crohn‘s disease, ulcerative colitis
  42. Large bowel lesions (review)
  43. Lesions of the appendix
  44. Hirschprung‘s disease; diverticulosis
  45. Large bowel tumors
  46. Lesions of liver (review)
  47. Hepatic failure; jaundice
  48. Alcoholic liver disease
  49. Liver cirrhosis
  50. Hemochromatosis. Wilson´s disease.
  51. Tumors of liver and biliary tract
  52. Lesions of the gallbladder and bile ducts (review)
  53. Lesions of the pancreas (review)
  54. Pancreatic tumors (exocrine, endocrine)
  55. Lesions of the peritoneum (review)
  56. Malformations and cysts of the kidney
  57. Glomerulonephritis (review)
  58. Pyelonephritis
  59. Vascular lesions of the kidney; acute tubular necrosis
  60. Nephrotic and nephritic syndrome
  61. Renal failure; uremia
  62. Urolithiasis; kidney in diabetes mellitus
  63. Tumors of kidney and urinary collecting system
  64. Lesions of male genital system (review)
  65. Testicular tumors. Prostate cancer.
  66. Lesions of the vulva and vagina
  67. Lesions of the cervix
  68. Lesions of the uterine body
  69. Lesions of fallopian tube and ovary
  70. Tumors of vulva and vagina
  71. Tumors of cervix
  72. Tumors of uterine body
  73. Tumors of ovary and fallopian tube
  74. Diseases of pregnancy; trophoblastic disease

75.Lesions of the breast (review)

  1. Breast cancer
  2. Vascular disease of the brain
  3. Cerebral trauma
  4. Meningitis, encephalitis
  5. Degenerative and demyelinating diseases of the brain
  6. Brain tumors; tumors of peripheral nerves
  7. Diseases of the skin (inflammatory lesions, tumors)
  8. Pigmented nevi; malignant melanoma
  9. Lesions of bones (review)
  10. Tumors of bone
  11. Lesions of joints (review). Rheumatoid arthritis
  12. Osteoarthrosis
  13. Soft tissue tumors (review)
  14. Systemic lupus erythematosus; Systemic sclerosis; polymyositis
  15. Lesions of the pituitary gland
  16. Lesions of the thyroid gland and parathyroid glands
  17. Lesions of the adrenals
  18. Diabetes mellitus

III. Orofacial Pathology

  1. Lesions of the oral cavity (review)
  2. Inflammations of oral mucosa
  3. Premalignant lesions of oral mucosa
  4. Tumors of the oral cavity and pharynx
  5. Non-neoplastic salivary gland disorders
  6. Benign salivary gland tumors
  7. Malignant salivary gland tumors
  8. Odontogenic tumors
  9. Non-odontogenic tumors of the jaws
  10. Developmental anomalies in the head and neck region
  11. Caries
  12. Pulpal disorders
  13. Periodontal lesions
  14. Odontogenic cysts
  15. Non-odontogenic cysts
  16. Diseases of the jaws (review)
  17. Diseases of the maxillary sinus
  18. Systemic disorders and syndromes with orofacial manifestation
  19. Lymphoreticular diseases in the head and neck region