Part A Completion:
Use this completion exercise to check your understanding of the concepts and terms that are introduced in this section. Each blank can be completed with a term or short phrase.
A quick review of kinetic molecular theory will help you
understand why gases behave the way they do. Remember first that
gas particles are very _1__ in relation to the distances between them. Therefore, the volumes of the individual particles are __2 . This
assumption helps to explain gas 3 .
The second property of gas particles assumed by the kinetic
theory is that no attractive or repulsive 4__ exist between the particles.
This explains why a gas 5__ until it fills its container.
The third assumption is that gas particles more rapidly in
constant 6 motion and that collisions between them are 7 . This
means that during a collision, the total amount of __8 remains constant.
The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles is assumed to
be directly proportional to the 9__ temperature of the gas.
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
6. ______
7. ______
8. ______
9. ______
Part B True-False
Classify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT
____10. According to the kinetic molecular theory, the volume of all the particles of an ideal gas is negligible compared to the total volume in which the gas is contained.
____ 11. The kinetic theory of gases assumes that, during a collision between two particles, kinetic energy is transferred without loss from one particle to the other.
____12. When a sealed container of gas is opened, gas particles tend to cling to the sides of a container.
____13. A temperature of -25 °C is equivalent to 298 K.
____14. Four variables are used to describe a gas, P, V, T and n, where n = number of moles
Part C Matching
Match each description in Column B to the correct term in Column A.
Column A
____15. STP
____16. elastic collisions
____17. compressible
____18. kPa
____19. A kinetic molecular theory assumption
Column B
a. gas particles move rapidly in constant random motion
b. a unit of pressure
c. 1 atm, 273 K
d. can be made to occupy a smaller volume
e. encounters between gas particles in which kinetic energy is transferred without loss from one particle to another.
Part D Questions and Problems Answer the following question in the space provided
20. Explain each assumption (all 3) of the kinetic theory of gases in your own words.
______
______
______
______
______
Part A Completion:
Use this completion exercise to check your understanding of the concepts and terms that are introduced in this section. Each blank can be completed with a term or short phrase.
As long as the temperature of an enclosed gas does not change, doubling the number of gas particles _1.__ the pressure. When gas particles are removed from a container the pressure decreases. Removing half the gas particles decreases the pressure by 2 .
When the number of gas particles remains constant, the pressure can be increased by __3 the volume. Reducing the volume of a contained gas by half __4 the pressure.
When the number of gas particles and the volume of a gas remain constant, the pressure of a gas can be increased by increasing the 5 . If the Kelvin temperature doubles, the pressure of the contained gas _ 6 ; thus, the pressure decreases by half when the Kelvin temperature is halved.
1. ______
2. ______
3. ______
4. ______
5. ______
6. ______
Part B True-False
Classify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT
____7. Halving the number of particles in a given volume of gas decreases the pressure by one-half if the temperature is kept constant
____ 8. Reducing the volume of a container of gas by one-half has the same effect on pressure as reducing the quantity of the gas in the container by one-half, if the temperature is kept constant.
____9. When a sealed container of gas under pressure is opened, gas particles move from the container to the surrounding.
____10. When an aerosol can no longer sprays, the pressure inside the can is at 0 kPa.
____11. At constant volume, if the Kelvin temperature of a gas is doubled, the pressure on the gas is halved.
Part C Matching
Use what you have learned in this section to predict how an enclosed gas will respond to a change in conditions. Match each stated change in Column A with the correct response in Column B.
Column A
____12. the number of particles on an enclosed gas increases while volume and temperature are held constant
____13. a fixed amount of gas is cooled while the volume is held constant
____14. The volume of a container holding 1 mole of nitrogen gas is reduced at constant temperature
Column B
a. pressure decreases
b. pressure increases