Overview of AP Labs
Lab 1 (diffusion and osmosis)
Some potato cores are placed into different molar solutions. Create a graph of the expected change in mass of the cores for the different concentrations.
List the 2 components affecting the water potential of a system?
1. ______2. ______
A cell placed into a hypertonic solution will shrink, swell, or stay the same?______
A cell placed into a hypotonic solution will shrink, swell, or stay the same? ______
A cell placed into an isotonic solution will shrink, swell, or stay the same? ______
What is plasmolysis?______
Lab 2 (enzyme catalysis)
What do enzymes do? ______
What was the substrate in this experiment? ______
What was the purpose of the H2SO4 and how did it work?______
Is the consumption of substrate linear? Yes or no?______
Generally, raising the temperature causes the reaction rate to increase or decreases?______
Create a graph of the amount of product formed over time as a result of an enzymatic reaction.
Lab 3 (mitosis and meiosis)
List the cell cycle and list what happens to the chromosomal material in each.
a)______- ______
b)______- ______
c)______- ______
d)______- ______
e)______- ______
In which phase do cell spend most of their time?______
What is crossing over?______
Under a microscope it is noticed that about 33% of the asci show crossover, what is the mapping units?______
Draw a pair of chromosomes in MI and MII, and show how you would get a 2:2:2:2 arrangement of ascospores by crossing over.
Lab 4 (plant pigment and photosynthesis)
How does chromatography work?______
Using the table below calculate the Rf values for the pigments. (The solvent front moved 100 mm)
Band # / distance (mm) / Rf value1 / 10
2 / 35
3 / 42
4 / 66
Some chloroplasts are collected. One half of them are boiled and the other half are left unboiled. One half of each of these collections are then placed into either dark or lighted situations. They are allowed to incubate and grow and then placed into a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance. Using the table below, estimate absorbance numbers that may go into the empty cells.
Cuvette / 0 / 10 / 20 / 30unboiled/dark
unboiled/light
boiled/light
boiled/dark
no chloroplasts (control)
Plot the percent transmittance of your projected results.
Lab 5 (cell respiration)
Estimate the amount of oxygen consumed in the conditions listed in the table
conditions / mL oxygen consumed per minutegerminating peas @ 5 degrees Celsius
germinating peas @ room temperature
dry peas @ 5 degrees Celsius
dry peas @ room temperature
What was the purpose of the beads?______
What happens to temperature of a gas when the pressure increases (assuming volume remains constant)?______
What happens to volume of a gas when the temperature decreases (assuming pressure remains constant)?______
Lab6 (molecular biology)
How does a restriction enzyme work?______
At what location in the cell do endonucleases work?______
What is a plasmid?______
How was the plasmid opened up in this lab?______
Which fragments of DNA migrate further along a gel electrophoresis plate, long or short fragments?______
What happened to each of the colonies below and why:
LB with plasmid______
LB without plasmid______
LB with plasmid & ampicillin______
LB with ampicillin but without plasmid______
Lab7 (genetics & Chi square)
What does Chi square measure?______
What are the chances of getting the following from a cross of AaBbCC x AaBBCc
genotype of AaBBCC______
Complete the following table for the following incomplete dominance monohybrid cross:
Bb x Bb where BB= black fur; Bb= auburn fur; bb= albino
observed phenotype / expected phenotype / Chi square30 black
40brown
30albino
At the 0.05 probability level, are the results significantly different from what was expected?______
Lab8 (population genetics)
What are the 5 assumptions for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
a)______
b)______
c)______
d)______
e)______
What do the following stand for:
a) p2=______
b) q2=______
c) p2+2pq=______
Solve the following:
a) In a Hardy-Weinberg population, the frequency of the a allele is 0.4. What is the frequency of individuals with Aa genotype?______
b) in a population with two alleles, A and a, the frequency of a is 0.6. What would be the frequency of heterozygotes if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?______
c) why was the heterozygous condition for sickle cell favorable against malaria? ______
Lab 9 (transpiration)
Using the following conditions, create a graph showing the relationship between the amount of transpiration and time. Then, in the blank write a short explanation of the physiological responses because of the environmental conditions.
a) a plant at room temperature______
b) a plant in humid conditions______
c) a plant in high light conditions______
d) a plant in very dry conditions______
Lab 10 (physiology)
What is systolic pressure?______
What is diastolic pressure?______
What does it mean to have high blood pressure?______
Why does your heart rate go up when you exercise?______
Why does your heart rate go up when you are vertical vs. horizontal?______
What is Q10?______
Calculate the Q10 for the following conditions; rate at lower temp= 76 rate at higher temp.= 145.______
Create a graph showing the relationship between temperature and heart rate
Lab 11 Behavior
Define taxis ______Give an example: ______
Define kinesis ______Give an example: ______
Define negative phototaxis ______Give an example: ______
In this lab, pill bugs (isopods/ terrestrial crustaceans/arthropods) were used. After the pill bugs have been in the choice chamber for 10 minutes, you might observe one of these situations:
Situation A: Wet: 5 pill bugs Dry: 5 pill bugs
Situation B: Wet: 7 pill bugs Dry: 3 pill bugs
Situation C: Wet: 2 pill bugs Dry: 8 pill bugs
Pill bugs are crustaceans, and they respire through gills. Because of this characteristic, which situation would you predict to occur — A, B, or C?
Explain your answer ______
This brings us to an important consideration: The pill bug exercise is not a controlled experiment. Design a controlled experiment. Without a control, it is very risky to state a conclusion. Be sure to include your Hypothesis, Null Hypothesis, IV, DV, and predictions of results.
Courtship Behavior in Fruit Flies: Courtship between male and female animals usually is a ritual with specific behaviors. Is there an advantage to this for the species and/or individual? _____ Explain your answer. ______
.
Lab 12 (DO and PP)
Create a graph showing the relationship between temperature and the percent saturation of dissolved oxygen.
Create a graph showing the relationship between the amount of light received and the amount of productivity.
Create a graph that shows the relationship between the amount of oxygen consumed by photosynthetic organisms and the amount of carbon fixed.
How come net productivity is lower than gross productivity?______
What process occurs at night in water systems that lowers the amount of oxygen?______