Organelle Data Table
Cell part / Function / Structure / Plant/Animal / LocationCell Wall / Gives shape and protection / Rigid- cellulose, small openings / P/bacteria / Outside of cell membrane
Cell Membrane (plasma membrane) / Separates cell from environment; selectively permeable (controls movement of materials into and out of cell) / Fluid Mosaic Model; phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded / P/A / Surrounds cell
Nucleus / Control center for cell metabolism/
Reproduction
Contains chromosomes (DNA) / Largest organelle; round; membrane-bound structure / P/A / In cytoplasm
Nucleolus / Production of ribosomes / Dense body made up of DNA, RNA and protein / P/A / Inside nucleus (may be more than one)
Ribosomes / Sites of protein synthesis;
On ER – make proteins to release from cell
In cytoplasm – make proteins for use in the cell / Small particles; consist of a heavier subunit and a lighter subunit / P/A / Line membranes of ER and in cytoplasm
Golgi bodies / Processing, packaging and storage centers for products to be released from cell
Modify proteins to be released from cell / Stacks of flattened membrane sacs / P/A / Animal cells – only one near nucleus; Plant cells – several hundred in cytoplasm
Centrioles / Controls cell division (making new cells) / Pair of cylindrical structures made up of a ring of microtubules / A / Near nucleus
Lysosomes / Break down old organelles and disease causing bacteria / Small sac-like structures containing digestive enzymes / A / In cytoplasm
Mitochondria / Releases energy from food molecules for use in cellular respiration
“powerhouse” / Oval shaped organelle; inner folded membrane= cristae
(contains DNA) / Both / In cytoplasm; cells with large energy requirements will have many
Cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments) / Serve as a skeleton for cell; give it shape; help move organelles / Long hollow or solid strands composed of protein / P/A / In cytoplasm of some cells
Chromosomes / Hereditary material (DNA); shorten and thicken during cell division / Long thin threads of chromatin / P/A / In nucleus in form of chromatin- DNA bound to proteins
Cytoplasm / Many chemical reactions of cell metabolism occur here / Watery material / P/A / Within cell, between cell membrane and nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Rough = ribosomes
Smooth = no ribosomes / Canals serve as pathways for transport of materials through cell / System of fluid filled canals enclosed by membranes; / P/A / Throughout cytoplasm; often attached to nuclear membrane
Chloroplast / Site of photosynthesis; producing glucose using sunlight / Stacks of disks- thylakoid membranes where glucose is made / P / Throughout cytoplasm
Vacuole / Used to store food, enzymes, water and other materials / Membrane-bound vesicle / P/A / Large central one in plants; smaller ones in animals