Online Resource 1

Figure S1: Remote Underwater Video (RUV) camera station design showing (a) benthic – top left, (b) floating – right) and (c) moving RUV camera frame fixed to boat.

(a) (b)

(c)

Table S1: PERMANOVA results for species richness, MaxN total abundance and assemblage among factors of method (fixed or moving cameras), billabong type (channel or shallow) and location in billabong (middle or edge). *** P<0.001, ** P<0.01, * P<0.05, ns Not significant.

Sp Richness / Total Abundance / Assemblage
Source / df / MS / P / MS / P / MS / P
method / 1 / 4588.70 / *** / 346.06 / ns / 6945.80 / **
location / 1 / 10954.00 / *** / 8667.10 / *** / 19709.00 / ***
type / 1 / 12018.00 / *** / 8062.60 / *** / 35898.00 / ***
method x location / 1 / 1141.20 / ns / 847.68 / ns / 2124.90 / ns
method x type / 1 / 339.66 / ns / 399.43 / ns / 5616.30 / **
location x type / 1 / 1183.50 / ns / 1111.10 / ns / 4654.70 / **
method x location x type / 1 / 1707.40 / ns / 263.15 / ns / 707.97 / ns

Table S2: Results of SIMPER analysis indicating the contribution of species to observed differences in billabong type (channel or shallow) and location in billabong (middle or edge) groups.

Group comparison / Average dissimilarity / Species / % Contribution to difference / Avg. Abundance Group A / Avg. Abundance Group B
shallow fixed v channel fixed / 92.9 / Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 13.31 / 0.14 / 1.42
Rainbowfish spp. / 12.78 / 1.13 / 0.63
Ambassis agrammus / 10.74 / 1 / 0.04
Ambassis macleayi / 9.87 / 0.04 / 1.14
Amniataba percoides / 8.88 / 0 / 0.87
shallow fixed v shallow moving / 79.66 / Rainbowfish spp. / 39.63 / 1.13 / 1.16
Ambassis agrammus / 27.61 / 1 / 0.26
channel fixed v shallow moving / 94.32 / Rainbowfish spp. / 17.23 / 0.63 / 1.16
Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 15.21 / 1.42 / 0.06
Ambassis macleayi / 10.82 / 1.14 / 0
Nematalosa erebi / 10.63 / 0.66 / 0
shallow fixed v channel moving / 89.45 / Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 26.14 / 0.14 / 2.98
Rainbowfish spp. / 16.71 / 1.13 / 1.82
Ambassis macleayi / 16.57 / 0.04 / 2.09
channel fixed v channel moving / 77.7 / Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 21.76 / 1.42 / 2.98
Ambassis macleayi / 17.05 / 1.14 / 2.09
Rainbowfish spp. / 12.74 / 0.63 / 1.82
shallow moving v channel moving / 90.6 / Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 31.04 / 0.06 / 2.98
Rainbowfish spp. / 22.65 / 1.16 / 1.82

Table S3: PERMANOVA results for species richness, MaxN abundance and assemblage among factors of billabong type (channel or shallow) and location in billabong (middle or edge) for moving cameras only. *** P<0.001, ** P<0.01, * P<0.05, ns Not significant.

Sp Richness / Abundance / Assemblage
Source / df / MS / P / MS / P / MS / P
type / 1 / 5214.40 / *** / 3798.50 / ** / 13330.00 / ***
location / 1 / 6110.70 / *** / 4806.10 / ** / 9515.90 / ***
type x location / 1 / 1774.70 / ** / 788.72 / ns / 1874.30 / ns

Table S4: Results of SIMPER analysis indicating the contribution of species to observed differences in billabong type (channel or shallow) and location in billabong (middle or edge) groups.

Group comparison / Avg. dissimilarity / Species / % Contribution to difference / Avg. Abundance Group A / Avg. Abundance Group B
shallow v channel / 90.6 / Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 31.04 / 0.06 / 2.98
Rainbowfish spp. / 22.65 / 1.16 / 1.82
edge v middle / 82.12 / Rainbowfish spp. / 28.01 / 2.66 / 0.81
Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 23.49 / 3.09 / 0.84

Table S5: PERMANOVA results for species richness, MaxN abundance and assemblage among factors of billabong type (channel or shallow), location in billabong (middle or edge) and position (benthic, floating) for fixed cameras only. *** P<0.001, ** P<0.01, * P<0.05, ns Not significant.

Sp. Richness / Abundance / Assemblage
Source / df / MS / P / MS / P / MS / P
type / 1 / 8854.5 / *** / 5387.6 / *** / 45118 / ***
location / 1 / 6313.5 / *** / 4814.8 / *** / 15723 / ***
position / 1 / 4107.5 / ** / 1130.5 / ns / 4934.8 / **
type x location / 1 / 274.08 / ns / 361.02 / ns / 5342.2 / **
type x position / 1 / 1963.8 / * / 638.41 / ns / 4240 / *
location x position / 1 / 300.76 / ns / 249.69 / ns / 2512 / ns
type x location x position / 1 / 3294 / ** / 1541.6 / * / 4061.7 / *

Table S6: Post hoc comparisons for species richness, MaxN abundance and assemblage.

Shallow / Channel
Middle / Edge / Middle / Edge
benthic v floating / Species Richness / ns / ns / *** / ns
MaxN abundance / ns / ns / ** / ns
Assemblage / ns / ns / *** / ns
Shallow / Channel
Benthic / Floating / Benthic / Floating
middle v edge / Species Richness / ** / ns / ns / **
MaxN abundance / * / ns / ns / **
Assemblage / * / ns / *** / **

Table S7: Results of SIMPER analysis indicating the contribution of species to observed differences in billabong type (channel or shallow) and location in billabong (middle or edge) groups. Only species contributing to cumulative 50% difference shown.

Group comparison / Avg. dissimilarity / Species / % Contribution to difference / Avg. Abundance Group A / Avg. Abundance Group B
shallow middle v shallow edge / 73.27 / Rainbowfish spp. / 28.81 / 0.92 / 1.32
Ambassis agrammus / 27.94 / 0.54 / 1.4
shallow middle v channel middle / 97.81 / Nematalosa erebi / 14.39 / 0 / 0.97
Rainbowfish spp. / 12.71 / 0.92 / 0.08
Amniataba percoides / 8.23 / 0 / 0.7
Toxotes chatareus / 8 / 0 / 0.42
Neosilurus ater / 7.98 / 0 / 0.77
shallow edge v channel middle / 96.83 / Ambassis agrammus / 16.84 / 1.4 / 0
Rainbowfish spp. / 14.8 / 1.32 / 0.08
Nematalosa erebi / 10.66 / 0 / 0.97
Neosilurus ater / 6.79 / 0.03 / 0.77
Amniataba percoides / 6.65 / 0 / 0.7
shallow middle v channel edge / 91.71 / Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 24.76 / 0 / 2.48
Ambassis macleayi / 15.51 / 0.06 / 1.8
Rainbowfish spp. / 12.42 / 0.92 / 1.18
shallow edge v channel edge / 85.69 / Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 21.31 / 0.26 / 2.48
Ambassis macleayi / 14.23 / 0.03 / 1.8
Ambassis agrammus / 12.22 / 1.4 / 0.08
Rainbowfish spp. / 10.92 / 1.32 / 1.18
channel middle v channel edge / 78.75 / Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum / 22.66 / 0.36 / 2.48
Ambassis macleayi / 15.5 / 0.49 / 1.8
Rainbowfish spp. / 10.21 / 0.08 / 1.18
Nematalosa erebi / 8.35 / 0.97 / 0.36