Observations of Entomophagy across Benin – Practicesand Potentials

L.G. Riggi¹, M. Veronesi, G. Goergen2, C. MacFarlane,R.L. Verspoor3

¹SLU, Uppsala University, Ecology Department, Sweden

2International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Biodiversity Centre, Cotonou, Benin

3University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool

Correspondence:

Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, 750 07 UPPSALA, Sweden

Appendix 1: Map of Benin illustrating the sites visited (stars) and the distribution of different vegetation types across the country. (Source: Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection Benin Maps.).

Appendix 2: Table of specialistsinterviewed to investigate the potential of entomophagy.

Specialist / Area of work
Dr. Priuli G.B. Fr. Florent / Director of the Hospital Saint Jean de Dieu of Tanguieta
Dr. Aouanou Guy Basile / Medical Director of Paediatrics, and of the Centre for Nutrition of the Hospital Saint Jean de Dieuof Tanguieta
Dr. Razack Adeoti / IITA Agricultural economist
Dr. Rousseau Djouaka / IITA Coordinator agro-eco health platform for western Africa
Dr. Gbangboche Armand Bienvenu / Faculty of Agronomy, University Abomey Calavi
Dr. PolycarpeKayode / Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University Abomey Calavi
Prof. Arnold van Huis / Professor of Tropical Entomology, Wageningen University in the Netherlands
SeverinTchibozo / Head of the Biodiversity Management Research Center(CRGB) in Cotonou, Benin. Local specialist of edible insects.

Appendix 3:Table of African edible insect species pool also present in Benin (Data modified from Jongema, 2013). Distribution legend: WA (West Africa), EA (East Africa), CA (Central Africa), SA (Southern Africa), PA (Pan SSA), gen.PA (genus Pan SSA).

* Species found also in this study

Order / Family / Species / Distribution
Araneae / Nephilidae / Nephilainaurata (Walckenaer) / EA, SA, gen.PA
Coleoptera / Bostrichidae / Bostrichidaesp. / PA
Buprestidae / PsilopterawellmaniKerremans / SA, gen.PA
Steraspisamplipennis (Fåhr.) / EA,SA, gen.PA
Sternocerainterrupta (Olivier)* / CA, WA, gen.PA
Chrysobothrisfatalis Harold / CA, WA, gen.PA
Cerambycidae / CeroplesisburgeoniBreuning / CA, gen.PA
Macrotomapalmata Fab. / PA
PlocaederusfrenatusFåhr. / CA, SA, WA, gen.PA
Petrognathagigas Fab. / CA, WA
Mallodondownesi Hope / PA
Analeptestrifasciata (Fab.) / CA, WA, gen.PA
Ancylonotustribulus Fab. / CA, WA
Tithoesmaculatus (Fab.) / PA
Sternotomisitzingerikatangensis Allard / CA, gen.PA
Dytiscidae / CybisterhovaAlluaud / EA, gen.PA
Dryophthoridae / Rhynchophorusphoenicis Fab.* / PA
Elateridae / Elateridae sp. / PA
Tetralobusflabellicornis (L.) / PA
Hydrophilidae / Hydrophilussenegalensis (Percheron) / PA
Lucanidae / Prosopocoilusserricornis (Latr.) / EA, gen.PA
ScarabaeideaCetoniinae / Gnathocera sp. / gen.PA
Goliathusgoliatus L. / Central Africa
ScarabaeidaeDynastinae / Augosomacentaurus (Fab.) / CA, WA, SA
Oryctesboas (Fab.) / PA
ScarabaeidaeRutelinae / Popilliafemoralis Klug / CA, WA, gen.PA
ScarabaeidaeScarabaeinae / Pachylomerusfemoralis Kirby / CA, SA
ScarabaeidaeTrichiinae / PlatygeniabarbataAfzelius / PA
Passalidae / Passalidae spp. / PA
Diptera / Chironomidae / Chironomidae spp. / PA
Culicidae / Culicidae spp. / PA
Hemiptera / Belostomatidae / Belostoma sp. / gen.PA
Cercopidae / Cercopidae spp. / PA
Cicadidae / UgadagiovanninaeBoulard / CA, gen.PA
Dinidoridae / Coridiusviduatus (Fab.) / CA, SA, gen.PA
Fulgoridae / Pyropstenebrosa Fab. / EA
Zannatenebrosa Fab. / EA, gen.PA
Nepidae / Nepa spp. / gen.PA
Nepidae spp. / PA
Pentatomidae / Agonoscelisversicolor (Fab.) / EA, CA, WA, gen.PA
Nezararobusta Distant / CA, EA, gen.PA
Scutelleridae / Sphaerocoris spp. / gen.PA
Hymenoptera / Apidae / ApismelliferaadansoniLatr. / CA, WA, gen.PA
Meliponulabocandei (Spin.) / PA
Dactylurinastaudingeri (Gribodo) / CA, WA, gen.PA
Formicidae / Camponotus sp. / gen.PA
Dorylus (Anomma) nigricansIlliger / CA, WA, gen.PA
Oecophyllalonginoda (Latr.) / PA
Sphecidae / Sceliphron sp. / gen.PA
Vespidae / Synagris sp. / gen.PA
Isoptera / Rhinotermitidae / Coptotermes sp. / PA
Termitidae / Cubitermes spp. / PA
Macrotermesbellicosus (Smeathman)* / PA
M. subhyalinus (Rambur)*
Odontotermes sp. / PA
Pseudacanthotermes spp. / PA
Lepidoptera / Arctiidae / Amerilamadagascariensis (Boisduval) / EA, gen.PA
Brahmaeidae / DactyloceraslucinaDrury / CA, WA, EA, gen.PA
Hesperiidae / Coeliadeslibeon (Druce) / PA
Notodontidae / Anaphe sp. / PA
Antheua sp. / PA
Noctuidae / Busseolafusca (Fuller) / PA
Helicoverpaarmigera (Hübner) / PA
Spodopteraexempta (Walker) / PA
S.exigua (Hübner)
Papilionidae / Papilio sp. / PA
Psychidae / Eumetarougeoti Bourgogne / PA
Saturniidae / Athletesgigas (Sonthonnax) / EA, CA, SA, gen.PA
Bunaeaalcinoë (Stoll) / PA
Bunaeopsis sp. / PA
CirinafordaVuillot / PA
Epiphorabauhiniae (Guérin) / PA
Holocerinaagomensis (Karsch) / PA
Imbrasiaepimethea (Drury) / CA, WA, gen.PA
Lobobunaea sp. / PA
Micragone sp. / PA
Pseudobunaea sp. / PA
Sphingidae / Acherontiaatropos (L.) / PA
Agriusconvolvuli (L.) / PA
Coeloniafulvinotata (Butler) / PA
Hippotioneson (Cramer) / PA
Lophostethusdumolinii (Angas) / PA
NephelecommaHopffer / PA
Platysphinxstigmatica (Mabille) / EA, CA, WA
Sphingidae spp. / PA
Odonata / Libellulidae / Trithemisarteriosa (Burm.) / PA
Orthoptera / Acrididae / Acanthacrisruficornis (Fab.)* / EA, CA, WA
Acoryphapicta Krauss / CA, WA, gen.PA
Acridaturrita (L.) / CA, WA, gen.PA
Acridoderesstrenua (Walker) / CA, WA, gen.PA
Acrotylusblondeli Saussure / EA, CA, WA, gen.PA
Anacridiummelanorhodon (Walker) / PA
A. wernerellum (Karny)
Brachycrotaphustryxalicerus (Fischer) / PA
Cataloipuscymbiferus (Krauss) / CA, WA, gen.PA
Chiristacompta (Walker) / EA, CA, WA
Cryptocatantopshaemorrhoidalis (Krauss) / CA, WA
Diabolocatantopsaxillaris (Thunberg) / EA, CA, WA
Eupropacriscylindricollis (Schaum) / EA, SA, gen.PA
Gastrimargusafricanus (Saussure) / PA
G. determinatusprocerus (Gerstäcker)
Harpezocatantopsstylifer (Krauss) / CA, WA
Heteracriscoerulescens (Stål) / EA, CA, WA, gen.PA
Hieroglyphusdaganensis Krauss / CA, WA
Homoxyrrhepespunctipennis (Walker) / CA, SA, WA
Humbetenuicornis (Schaum) / PA
Kraussariaangulifera (Krauss) / CA, WA
LocustamigratoriacapitoSaussure / CA, SA, gen.PA
L. migratoriamigratorioides(ReicheFairmaire)
Mesopsisabbreviata (Beauvois) / CA, WA, gen.PA
OedaleusnigeriensisUvarov / PA
O.senegalensis (Krauss)
Ornithacristurbidacavroisi (Finot)* / EA, CA, WA, gen.PA
Orthacanthacrishumilicrus (Karsch) / EA, CA, WA
Orthochthavenosa (Ramme) / CA, WA, gen.PA
Oxycatantopsspissus (Walker) / EA, CA, WA, gen.PA
Paracinematricolor (Thunberg) / EA, CA, WA
Schistocercagregaria (Forskål) / PA
SherifuriahaningtoniUvarov / CA, WA
TruxalisjohnstoniDirsh / CA
Truxaloidesconstrictus (Schaum) / EA, gen.PA
Gryllidae / Brachytrupesmembranaceus (Drury)* / PA
Acanthoplus sp. / EA, SA
GryllusbimaculatusDeGeer / PA
Gryllodes sp. / PA
Gryllotalpidae / GryllotalpaafricanaPalisot / PA
Pyrgomorphidae / Chrotogonussenegalensis Krauss / EA, CA, WA, gen.PA
Phymateuscinctus (Fab.) / WA, gen.PA
Pyrgomorphacognata Krauss / CA, WA, gen.PA
P. vignaudi (Guérin-M.) / EA, CA, WA, gen.PA
Zonocerusvariegatus (L.)* / CA, WA, gen.PA
Tettigoniidae / Conocephalus sp. / PA
RuspoliadifferensServille / EA, CA, SA

Appendix 4: Table of edible insect genera recorded in Benin alsopreviously documented to be eaten in African continent and other regions of the world (Data modified from Jongema, 2013). Distribution legend: AFR (Afrotropical), AUS (Australasian), IND (Indomalaya), NEA (Nearctic), NEO (Neotropical), PAL(Palearctic).

Order / Family / Genus / Distribution
Coleoptera / Buprestidae / Sternocera / AFR, IND
Dryophthoridae / Rhynchophorus / AFR, AUS, IND, NEA, NEO, PAL
Hydrophillidae / Cybister / AFR, AUS, IND, NEA, NEO, PAL
Scarabaeidae / Gnathocera / AFR
Oryctes / AFR, IND
Hemiptera / Coreidae / Coreidae / AFR, IND, NEO, PAL
Isoptera / Termitidae / Macrotermes / AFR, IND, PAL
Orthoptera / Acrididae / Acanthacris / AFR
Hieroglyphus / AFR, IND
Locusta / AFR, IND, PAL
Ornithacris / AFR
Truxalis / AFR
Gryllidae / Brachytrupes / AFR, IND, PAL
Pyrgomorphidae / Zonocerus / AFR
Tettigoniidae / Ruspolia / AFR
Conocephalus / AFR, IND, NEO

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