Name ______Chapter 8 Blood and Blood Spatter Review Sheet
Key Terms/Concepts:
· Blood Composition
· Plasma
· Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes)
· White blood cells (leukocytes)
· Platlets (thrombocytes)
· Hemoglobin
· Immune system
· Antibodies
· Antigents
· Antigen-antibody response
· Agglutination
· Cell-surface protein
· Blood spatter
o Satellite
o Spike
· Arterial spatter
· Terminal velocity
· Lines of convergence
· Point of origin
· Satelitte drop of blood
_____ Know the functions of the following parts of blood
· Red blood cells
· White blood cells
· Platelets
_____ Describe the function of the immune system and provide specific examples of how the white
blood cells are the main “players” in the immune system.
_____ Define antigen and antibody and list characteristics of antibodies (see figure 8-7 in book):
a. What cells produce antibodies?
b. When are antibodies produced?
c. Of what type of organic compound are they composed?
d. Will any antibody work on any antigen? Why or why not?
e. Draw a sketch of an antibody
f. Label the part of the antibody that is specific to an antigen
_____ Describe an antigen-antibody reaction and explain how does an antibody identify the antigen.
_____ Describe the effect of antibodies on an antigen.
_____ List the three different proteins found on red blood cells.
_____ Distinguish between the following blood types and know the genetics behind it (what alleles they
might have, how to determine the offspring of parents with varied bloodtypes)
· AO+
· BO-
· AB+
· O+
· O-
· AA-
· BB+
_____ Explain how to determine someone’s blood type. Refer to your bloodtyping lab.
_____ Explain why blood types provide class evidence and not individual evidence.
_____ Explain why does giving someone the wrong blood type result in an antigen-antibody reaction?
Include in your answer the term agglutination.
_____ Given the blood type of the donor and the blood type of a receiver, determine if a blood
transfusion will be accepted or rejected.
(http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/landsteiner/)
Blood Spatter
_____ Distinguish between spikes and satellites on blood spatter.
_____ Distinguish between blood spatter based upon blood dropping onto a smooth surface and a rough
or textured surface.
_____ Distinguish between the terms cohesion and adhesion.
_____ Given a series of blood spatter stains; be able to determine the direction that the blood was
moving. Include in your answer the terms satellite blood spatter.
_____ Distinguish the difference between the following terms:
Cast off blood patterns.
Transfer blood patterns.
Projected blood patterns.
_____ Explain the blood spatter pattern generated from a damaged artery
_____ Describe the difference in a blood spatter pattern if blood was dropped from a height of 30 cm or
100 cm.
_____ Define the term terminal velocity and explain the relationship of terminal velocity to the size of a
droplet of blood as it is dropped from different heights ranging from 50 to 300 to 500 cm.
_____ Given blood spatter patterns, to be able to distinguish a difference between blood spatter
stains if the source of the blood was coming from a high velocity source such as a gun versus the source of blood generated from a blow on the head.
_____ Define lines of convergence in reference to blood spatter and determine the area of convergence.
_____ Define angle of impact for blood spatter and explain what happens to the shape of a blood spatter
as you move from a 10-degree impact angle to a 90-degree impact angle.
_____ Understand how to calculate the impact angle from a single droplet of blood. Know what is
measured and how the angle is calculated.
_____ Describe how luminol can help to visualize blood spatter.