Oak-Hickory Forest and Replant the Area

(1) An experiment is designed to clear an

oak-hickory forest and replant the area

with pines. Which of the following

species would be most threatened by

this experiment?

AField sparrow

BCardinal

CSummer tanager

D Hooded warbler _

(2) The diagram shows a simplified

nitrogen cycle. Which process is

responsible for returning nitrogen to

the air?

F Excretion

G Decomposition _

H Photosynthesis

J Nitrification

(3) This graph shows the sizes of lynx and

hare populations between the years of

1845 and 1940. If a predator of the lynx

enters the food chain, you might

expect the number of —

A lynx and hares to become equal

B lynx to increase

C hares to increase _

D hares and lynx to decrease

(4) In 1893, a one-million acre area of the

Grand CanyonNational Forest Reserve

was home to an estimated 3,000 Rocky

Mountain mule deer. Cattle, sheep, and

horses also roamed the reserve. In

1906, government hunters killed off

hundreds of mountain lions, coyotes,

and bobcats when the area was set

aside as the Grand Canyon National

Game Preserve. The number of Rocky

Mountain mule deer rose to over

100,000 by 1923. What was the

approximate density of the mule deer

in 1923?

F1 for every acre

G1 for every 10 acres _

H1 for every 100 acres

J1 for every 1,000 acres

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(5) The graph shows the amount of

pollutants removed by trees. During

October, the trees were able to remove

the greatest amount of —

Aozone

Bparticulates _

CNO2

D SO2

(6) Wild cats such as cheetahs, lions, and

tigers experience decreased genetic

diversity as their populations decline

and become fragmented due to habitat

destruction. Decreased genetic

diversity leads to populations with —

F disproportionate gender ratios

Gdecreased disease resistance _

H increased immigration rates

J increased birthrates

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(7) Henry’s project is on porcupine

populations in Virginia. He would like

to use the phone book to help him

make contacts. His most reliable

contacts would probably be found by

looking in the phone book under —

Atravel agencies

Bnewspapers

C state agencies _

D civil engineers

(8) The above graph shows how dissolved

O2 and CO2 levels changed in a pond

over a 24-hour period. What caused the

decrease in O2 concentration during

the night?

F Increased evaporation

G Decreased photosynthesis _

H Increased respiration

J Decreased temperatures

(9) Which of these is a mammal native to

Virginia?

AArmadillo

BCamel

CKangaroo

D Squirrel _

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(10) Which level of this food pyramid

represents the largest biomass?

ABass

BMinnows

CCopepods

D Algae _

(11) What is the main cause of fish kills in

rivers polluted by fertilizers?

F Decreased mineral sources

G Decreased oxygen levels _

H Increased water temperatures

J Increased water levels

(12) Many of the forests of Virginia have

been cleared for farmland. Which of

these would least affect the time it

would take to return a farm to forest

conditions?

A The number of viable tree seeds on the

land

B The amount of available nutrients in the

soil

C The density of the original forest on the

farm _

D The ability of the farmland to retain

moisture

(13) According to this simplified water

cycle, the process of transpiration is

the process that —

Fcauses photosynthesis in plants

Greleases water vapor from plants _

Hspeeds the evaporation of water

Jincreases the rate of the water cycle

(14) During a trip to a rain forest, a

scientist discovered a new organism

living near some rotting logs. The

scientist observed that the organism

had moist skin, no hair, and an

internal skeleton and that it laid its

eggs under the logs. This organism was

probably a new species of —

Ainvertebrate

Bamphibian _

Cmammal

D reptile

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C

(15) Which order of diagrams would show

primary succession in an area that had

never before been occupied by living

organisms?

AA, C, B, D

BC, A, B, D _

CD, B, C, A

D B, A, C, D

(16) Scientists studied a flock of tundra

swans that spent the winter along

rivers in Virginia. The swans migrate

in the spring to other locations. What

would be the best way for scientists to

distinguish between the birds they

study in Virginia and flocks in the

summer location?

F Capture and put coded bands on the

birds in Virginia, then record the bands

seen on birds in the summer location _

G Take detailed photographs of winter

flocks in Virginia and summer flocks in

other locations and compare

photographs

H Follow the Virginia flock by vehicle on a

daily basis

J Capture birds in the expected summer

location and dissect them to find clues

that show the birds were in Virginia

during the winter

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(17) Which of these is a decomposer in a

Virginia forest?

A A pine tree

B A mushroom _

C A dandelion

D A caterpillar

(18) Photosynthesis is important for almost

all life on Earth because it —

Fproduces oxygen _

Guses simple elements

His responsible for most decay

Jreleases usable forms of nitrogen

(19) Which of these is the greatest limiting

factor for plants that grow on the floor

of a rain forest?

A Water

B Sunlight _

C Space

D Herbivores

(20) In the graph above, what is the

population of deer at the carrying

capacity of the environment?

F 10

G 30

H 50

J 70 _

(21) Energy is transferred from insects

fish in this system by —

A water

B radiation

C food consumption _

D decaying processes