NOTES#1Unit- Introduction, History and Scientific Method Marine Science

I.Marine Biology

A. Common Misconceptions

  1. What marine biologists study
  2. Misconceptions:
  3. Reality:
  4. ______and microscopic plants & animals.
  5. ______
  6. ______
  7. ______
  8. ______
  9. ______between animals and their surroundings
  10. Check out for careers in marine science.

B. Marine Biology + Oceanography Marine Science!

  1. Marine Biology:
  2. Oceanography:

C. Why study marine biology?

  1. Planet is mostly ocean:
  2. Commercial Value:
  3. Scientific Value:
  4. Atmospheric Oxygen:
  5. Human Impacts

II.A Brief History of Marine Biology

  1. Earliest Marine Biologists
  2. Naturalists:
  3. Aristotle (Greek):
  4. Phiny the Elder (Roman)
  5. Return to Science (occurs in the ______)
  6. Why a return?
  7. Charles Darwin and the HMS Beagle
  8. “Modern” Marine Biology (begins in the ______)
  9. HMS Challenger (from ______to ______)
  10. Main goal of voyage:
  11. What was done on the voyage:
  12. identified ______new species
  13. discovered ______organisms
  14. produced ______still used today
  15. Modern Tools
  16. Computers
  17. Satellites
  18. Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus (SCUBA)
  19. Submarines & Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs)

III.Scientific Method

A. Definition

B. Steps of the Scientific Method

  1. Observation
  2. Definition
  3. What should be included in an observation

i. ______

ii. ______

iii. ______

iv. ______

v. these four items are included so you can ______later date.

  1. Your observations of powerpoint images

i.

ii.

iii.

  1. Inductive Reasoning

i. Take a ______observation and form a

______explanation.

ii. Example:

  1. Observation: sea stars are found near mussels
  2. Explanation: ______

iii. Caution!!

2. Hypothesis

  1. Definition
  2. Deductive Reasoning
  3. Take a ______observation and form a ______prediction.
  4. Example:
  5. Explanation: sea stars eat mussels
  6. Testable Prediction:

# of mussels will ______is sea stars

are present.

  1. Controlled Experiment
  2. Experimental “Groups”
  3. Control Group
  4. What it is: the group you ______.
  5. Why you have it: acts as a ______.
  6. Example:
  7. Experimental Group
  8. What it is: the group you ______.
  9. Why you have it: ______the hypothesis.
  10. Example:
  11. Variables
  12. What they are:
  13. Controlled Variables
  14. Things that are the ______between then control and experimental groups.
  15. examples:
  16. Testable Variable
  17. ______thing that is ______between the control and the experimental groups.
  18. Examples:
  19. Replicated and Repeatable
  20. Replicated
  21. Do this so you know your results are not due to
  22. Need a MINIMUMof ______.
  23. Repeatable
  24. Data Collection / Results
  25. Data:
  26. Results
  27. Conclusion
  28. Determine if hypothesis ______.
  29. What if the data does not support the hypothesis?
  30. Most conclusions lead to a ______.
  31. Theory
  32. What it is: a ______that has been ______many times and has always been ______.
  33. How to disprove a theory: find a ______result that does not support the hypothesis.
  34. Example:

Scientific Method Summary DRAW OUT

When you CANNOT do an experiment

Use ______

C. Alternate Approach: Directed Observation

1. Why do it?

2. What it is:

Video- Finite Oceans

  1. How does America’s population compare with the world? How much resources do we use compared to the rest of the world.
  2. The amount of stress that America puts on the Earth is equivalent to how many Indias/Chinas?
  3. How are humans poisoning the oceans?
  4. What can happen when lakes and oceans are contaminated?
  5. How long does DDT last?
  6. How did they get rid of mosquitoes?
  7. What do marsh plants do?
  8. What happens to eagles when the water is polluted?
  9. What are papermills doing?
  10. What are the alternatives to petroleum products?
  11. What do they think will some day power the Earth?
  12. Where does our trash usually end up?