PLANTS

Non-Vascular Plants

  • Plants that do not have a vascular system (xylem and phloem), ______, roots, or stems. They do not produce ______!
  • Examples: ______, liverworts, and hornworts

Non-Vascular Plant Life Processes

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Synthesis

-Can do photosynthesis (build food molecules)

-Also do ______synthesis and build organic molecules

Transport

-Use diffusion and ______to regulate levels of water, gases, and molecules

Excretion

-Get rid of wastes through ______and osmosis

Respiration

-Take in CO2 and O2 through diffusion [Use CO2 for photosynthesis and O2 for ______]

Nutrition

-Are autotrophic = make their own ______!

Growth

-Start off life as ______, and grow into an adult plant using mitosis

Reproduction

-Reproduce sexually and asexually: The life cycles alternate between haploid and diploid, and they use swimming ______to reproduce

Regulation

-Communicate using hormones, specifically ______, the growth hormone

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Vascular Plants

• Produce ______• Have xylem and phloem (vascular tissue)

  • Have specialized ______
  • Stems: for support and storage (allows plants to grow tall!)
  • Contain vascular tissue
  • ______: transports water and minerals in the roots, stem, and leaves
  • ______: transports dissolved food and nutrients throughout the plant
  • Roots: for absorbing water and anchoring the plant
  • At the very tip of the roots there is very rapid ______which allows the roots to grow through the soil
  • Leaves: for photosynthesis and gas exchange
  • Guard cells surround openings, called ______, which regulate the amount of gases and water vapor that enter and leave the cell.

Types of Vascular Plants

-The big differences have to do with reproduction! All can reproduce sexually and asexually, but they do it in different ways.

  1. Seedless vascular plants
  • Examples: Ferns, horsetails, many water plants
  • MUST live in water because they have swimming ______that fertilize eggs
  1. Gymnosperms
  • Examples: Evergreen trees, pine trees, gingko trees
  • Reproduce with seeds that are exposed “______Seeds” like pine cones, and usually keep their leaves all year long!
  • Make male and female cones
  1. Angiosperms
  • Examples: maple trees, vegetables, grasses, flowering plants
  • Reproduce with seeds that are covered “______Seeds”
  • These plants have fruits that protect the seed and allow it to be dispersed
  • HAVE ______!!
  • Male reproductive part: ______
  • Female reproductive part: ______
  • Ovary protects the seeds as they develop, and then ripens as a ______!
  • Angiosperms and their pollinators (bees, butterflies, etc.) have ______!

Vascular Plant Life Processes

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Synthesis

-Can do photosynthesis (build food molecules)

-Also do protein synthesis and build organic molecules

Transport

-Use diffusion and osmosis to regulate levels of water, gases, and molecules

-Use ______and ______to move materials throughout the plant

Excretion

-Get rid of wastes through diffusion & osmosis

-Use ______to get rid of excess water

Respiration

-Take in CO2 and O2 through the stomata via diffusion [Use CO2 for photosynthesis and O2 for respiration]

Nutrition

-Are autotrophic = make their own food!

Growth

-Start off life as ______, and grow into an adult plant using mitosis

Reproduction

-Reproduce sexually and asexually: Most use pollen and eggs to produce seeds. Others can use vegetative propagation (______) to make asexual copies of themselves

Regulation

-Communicate using hormones, specifically auxin, the growth hormone

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Day 2 Activity Plants!

Part I: Compare and Contrast: Use the Venn diagram below to compare and contrast Gymnosperms and Angiosperms!

Part II:Using the cladogram below and your knowledge of plants (check your notes) to complete the chart to show how these four groups of plants have changed over time: Write YES or NO in each box!

Type of Plant / Has Vascular Tissue? / Has seeds? / Needs water to reproduce? / Uses cones? / Uses flowers and fruit to enclose the seed?
Mosses
Ferns
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
  1. Which group of plants is the most primitive? ______
  2. Which group of plants is the most derived/advanced? ______
  3. What two tissues make up “vascular tissue?” ______
  4. Why do you think angiosperms have an advantage over the other types of plants? Explain your reasoning!

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  1. What is the purpose of having roots?
  1. What is the purpose of having stems?
  2. What is the purpose of having leaves?
  1. What is the purpose of having flowers?

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  1. Explain what is meant by pollination. Then, name two organisms that might pollinate a plant.

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