LESSON V
The First Declension

46.Vocabulary

avlh,qeia, h`( truth.
basilei,a( h`, a kingdom

grafh,( h`, a writing, a Scripture.
do,xa( h`, glory.
eivrh,nh( h`, peace.
evkklhsi,a( h`, church.
evntalh,( h`, a comandment.

zwh( h`(life.
h`me,ra( h`, a day.

kardi,a( h`, a heart.

parabolh,( h`,a parable.

fwnh,( h`, a voice.
yuch,( h`,asoul, a life.

w,``ra( h`, an hour.

47. All nouns of the first declension ending in a or h are feminine.

48. The declension of w,``ra( h`, an hour, is as follows:

Sing.

N. V. w,``ra

G.w,``raj

D. w,``ra|
A.V. w,``ran

Plural

N.V. w,``rai
G. w,``rw/n
D. w,``raij
A. w,``raj

49. The stein of w,``ra isw`ra-, and the first declension is sometimes called the a- declension, because its stems end in a. Since, however, the final vowel of the stem entersinto various combinations with the endings it is more convenient for the beginner to regard w`r& as the stem and -a, -aj, etc., as the endings. It should be noticed that ais characteristic of this declension as o is of the second declension.

50. It should be observed that the a in the nominative, genitive, and accusative singular, and in the accusative plural is long.

51. The genitive plural shows an exception to the rule of noun accent. The rule of noun accent would require the accent to remain on the same syllable as in the nominative singular. But nouns of the first declension have a circumflex on the ultima in the genitive plural no matter where the accent was in the nominative singular.

52. Te declension of basilei,a( h`, a kingdom is exactly like that of w,``ra, since hero also there is a long accented penult in the nominative singular followed by a long a in the ultima.

53. The declension of avlh,qeia, h`(truth, is as follows:

Sing.
N. V. avlh,qeia
G. avlhqei,aj
D. avlhqei,a|
A. avlh,qeian

Plur.

N.V. avlh,qeiai

G. avlhqeiw/n

D. avlhqei,aij

A. avlhqei,aj

This noun has a short a in the ultima in the nominative singular, and when in the first declension the a is short in the nominative singular it is also short in the accusative singular. In the accusative plural the a is long in all firstdeclension nouns. The accent follows the noun rule everywhere except in the genitive plural (see §51).

54. The declension of do,xa( h`, glory, is as follows:

Sing.
N. V. do,xa
G. do,xhj

D. do,xh|
A. do,xan

Plur.

N.V.do,xai

G.doxw/n

D.do,xaij

A.do,xaj

55. The a in the nominative singular of first-declension nouns is changed to hin the genitive and dative singular except after e( i( or r.

56. The declension of grafh,( h`, a writing, a Scripture, is as follows:

Sing.
N. V. grafh,
G. grafh/j
D. grafh/|

A.grafh,n

Plural

N.V.grafai,

G.grafw/n

D.grafai/j

A.grafa,j

57. When a first-declension noun ends in h the nominative singular, the h is retained throughout the singular. But the plurals of all first-declension nouns are alike.

58. In the first declension (exactly as in the second, see §40), when the ultirna is accented at all, it has the circumflex in the genitives and datives of both numbers elsewhere the acute.

59. Exercises

I.1) yuch. ble,pei zwh,n) 2) basilei,a ginw,skei avlh,qeian) 3) a;nqrwpoj gra,fei evntola.j kai. no,mouj) 4) avpo,stoloi lamba,nousi dou,louj kai. dw/ra kai. evkklahsi,aj) 5) avpo,stoloi kai. evkklhsi,ai ble,pousi zwh.n kai. qa,naton) 6) ui`o.j dou,lou le,gei parabolh.n evkklhsi,a|) 7) parabolh.n le,gomen kai. evntolh.n kai. no,mon) 8) basilei,aj ginw,skete kai. evkklhsi,aj) 9) evkklahsi,an dida,skei avpo,stoloj kai. basilei,an dou/loj) 10) no,mon kai. parabolh.n gra,fei a;nqrwpoj evkklahsi,a|) 11) kardi,ai avnqrw,pwn e;cousi zwh.n kai. eivrh,nan) 12) fwnh. avposto,lwn dida,skei yuca.j dou,lwn) 13) w`,ra e;cei do,xan) 14) fwnai. evkklhsiw/n dida,skousi basilei,aj kai. avnqrw,pouj) 15) ble,peij dw/ra kai. do,xan) 16) gra,fei evkklhsi,a| kai. no,mon) 18) gra,fei evkklhsi,a| ui`o.j avposto,lou)

II. 1. A kingdom takes glory. 2. Churches are saying parables to hearts of men. 3. A heart of a man is teaching an apostle and a voice of an apostle is teaching a. servant. 4. We have writings of apostles. 5. Churches have peace and glory. 6. A day sees life and death. 7. Apostles take temples and kingdoms. 8. We see houses and temples and churches. 9. A servant says a parable to hearts of men. 10. We know voices of churches and words of truth. 11. Avoice ofanapostlesaysaparableto souls of men.