New Republic Era
Federalists / Republicans (1790’s)Hamilton, Washington, Adams
Strong National Government
Support in the Northeast and trading centers both North and South
Pro-British
Anti-French
Commercial strength (trade)
Manufacturing protection- tariff to support trade
Advocated strong economic health
Fund public debt from revolution
· Certificates- issue of speculators buying them in anticipation of government purchase
· Assume state debts- Assumption plan- in exchange for national capital in the south
o (Washington D. C.)
· National Bank
o To create stable center for banks
o Offer business loans
o Create order to the finances of government/taxes and spending
Taxes to build economic strength (debt)
· Sale of Western land
· Whiskey tax
· Import taxes
Subsidiary strategy: to align wealthy elites to support the new government / Jefferson, Madison
Washington Administration 1789-1796 / Adams Administration 1796-1800
Executive Cabinet
• Neutrality Proclamation of 1793
o Proclaimed U.S. neutrality toward the war between Britain and France
o Warned citizens to be impartial to both Britain & France
• Whiskey Rebellion, 1794
o Eastern Pennsylvania farmers organize and protest whiskey tax and Washington mobilizes 15,000 militia to confront, ends peacefully
o Significance: Washington asserts power of Federal government
o Reminiscent of pre-revolution actions of Brits, Lexington…
· Citizen Genet (French Diplomat-caused complaint from Washington)
• Jay Treaty with British, 1794
o British and French at war again
o Brits had been seizing American property
o Bad treaty for Americans-
o Brink of War, the federalist need to appease British.
o Complaints of seizing US ships, seamen, and inciting Indians on the frontier
o Jay concludes a treaty that prevents war but Americans must pay Revolutionary debts
o British agree to pay for seizure of US property and promise to leave the forts in the Ohio area.
• Pinckney Treaty with Spain, 1795
o Negotiated a settlement Americans to navigate/transport goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans
o Significance: Americans get another recognition of American claims and sovereignty over territory
• Farewell Address, 1796 Advice to country
o Support public credit/finances
o Observe good faith in government
o Avoid international alliances
o Beware of partisanship (political party infighting / Federalist
Vice President Jefferson
• XYZ Affair, 1797
• Barbary Pirates
• Navy Appropriations
• Alien and Sedition Acts, 1798
Republican response
• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798