Need for a Comprehensive Epidemiologic Study of Spinal Cord Injury in Poland: Findings from a Systematic Review

P. Tederko , M. Krasuski P. Ptyushkin , M. Selb, K. Pawlak, R. Skrzypczyk, R. Escorpizo

Complete list of publications reviewed for the systematic literature review:

23. Kiwerski J. The causes, sequele and attempts at prevention of cervical spine injuries in Poland. Paraplegia 1993;31(8):527-533.

31. Pietraszkiewicz F, Tysiewicz-Dudek M. Epidemiology of spinal injuries in Lubuskie province in Poland. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2010;12 (5):435-442.

32. Haftek I, Garlicki J, Tomczak M, Brzezińska B, Kowalczyk P. Epidemiologia urazów kręgosłupa i rdzenia kręgowego. Doniesienie wstępne. Kwart Ortop 2000;supl:11-18.

33. Kiwerski J, Ahmad SH. Paraplegia in women. Paraplegia 1983;21(3):161-165.

34. Kiwerski JE. Comparison of epidemiology, methods and results of treatment in cervical spinal injuries over the last 20 years in Poland. Eur Spine J 1993;2(3):165-168.

35. Kiwerski J. The influence of the mechanism of cervical spine injury on the degree of the spinal cord lesion. Paraplegia 1991;29:531-536.

36. Kiwerski JE. Injuries to the spinal cord in elderly patients. Injury 1992;23(6):397-400.

37. Kiwerski J. Neurological improvement in traumatic injuries of the cervical spinal cord. Paraplegia 1981;19:31-37.

38. Kiwerski JE. Factors contributing to the increased threat to life following spinal cord injury. Paraplegia 1993;31(12):793-799.

39. Kiwerski J. Marked neurological improvement in patientsafter spinal cord injury in the cervical part hospitalized with tetraplegia. Chir Narz Ruchu 1983;48(3):263-268.

40. Tederko P, Czech J, Kiwerski J, Lauge I, Krasuski M. International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury in clinical practice - analysis of repeatability. Fizjoter Pol 2010;3(4);10:193-201.

Tederko P, Krasuski M, Dobies B. Accuracy of diagnoses in patients with spinal cord injury referred to hospital rehabilitation departments. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2012;14(2):125-136.

Tederko P, Krasuski M, Kiwerski J, Barcińska I. The importance of verifying diagnosis in patients with spinal cord injury hospitalized in a rehabilitation department. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2005;7(4):365-73.

Tasiemski T, Brewer BW. Athletic identity, sport participation, and psychological adjustment in people with spinal cord injury. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2011;28(3):233-250.

Srokowski G, Bułatowicz I, Kuczma W, Kuczma M, Dawidziuk J, Hagner M. Dependence between the functional state of patients having undergone a spinal cord injury and their ability to perform everyday activities. Balneol Pol 2008;50(3):205-212.

Krajewski S, Talar J, Łukowicz M, Bułakowicz I. Causes of cervical spine injuries. Kwart Ortop 2000;3:167-173.

Pąchalska M, Haftek I , Haftek KN, MacQuenn BD , Bielecki D. Solving difficults situation in patients with final cord injuries - strategy modification. Kwart Ortop 2000;3:182-186.

Pąchalska M, Baranowski P, MacQueen BD, Knapik H. An evaluation of neuropsychological rehabilitation for patients with high spinal cord injuries and brain damage. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2000;2(2):44-49.

Tasiemski T. The riding technique test as a measure of the locomotion fitness of patients on wheelchairs after spinal injuries. Post Rehabil 1996;10(3):85-95.

Tasiemski T, Kost A. The level of awareness among individuals who have had spinal cord trauma of their own state of health. Post Rehabil 1998:12(4):57-67.

Kiwerski J. Injuries of the upper part of the cervical spine. Chir Narz Ruchu 1984;49(2):105-110.

Gusta A, Bohatyrewicz A, Matwiejko L. Patomechanisms of injuries of the spinal cord due to injuries of the cervical spine. Chir Narz Ruchu 1989;54(2):121-128.

Kiwerski J. Burst fractures of the cervical vertebrae. Chir Narz Ruchu 1992;57(4/6):301-305.

Woźniak E, Bronarski J, Kiwerski J, Krasuski M. Trauma related changes in cervical spine and spinal cord in myelography and MRI. Chir Narz Ruchu 1993;58(3):141-148.

Bronarski J , Woźniak E, Kiwerski J. Post-traumatic epidural and subdural haematomas of the spinal cord in MR imaging. Chir Narz Ruchu 1993;58(4):277-283.

Woźniak E, Bronarski J. Cervical spine and spinal cord injuries in ankylosing spondylitis patients in MRI. Chir. Narz. Ruchu 1995;60(5):353-358.

Weiss M. Dynamic spine alloplasty (spring-loading corrective devices) after fracture and spinal cord injury. Clin Orthop 1991;272:3-7.

Kiwerski JE. Traumatic lesions of the lower cervical spine in Poland. Eur Spine J 1993:2 (1):42-45.

Walicka-Cupryś K, Bejer A, Domka-Jopek E. Significant effects of prolonged standing in spinal cord injury survivors. Fizjoterapia 2007;15(3):18-22.

Bronarski J. Pourazowe przerwanie rdzenia kręgowego w odcinku szyjnym kręgosłupa. Kwart Ortop 1993;(2):29-32.

Jankowski R, Czekanowska-Szlandrowicz R, Stachowska-Tomczak B, Nowak S. Leczenie operacyjne urazowych uszkodzeń rdzenia kręgowego w odcinku piersiowym kręgosłupa. Kwart Ortop 2000; suppl:57-66.

Kasprzak H, Waliszek G, Śniegocki M, Sienkiewicz A , Narolski W. Surgical treatment of traumatic injuries of the cervical spinal cord. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1993; 27(suppl 2):214-219.

Jankowski R, Nowak S, Blok T, Żukiel R. Transpedicular stabilization in spinal and vertebral column injuries in thoracic and lumbar spine segments. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1998;32 (4):841-851.

Godlewski P, Mazurkiewicz T. The use of transpedicular fixation in treatment of thoraco-lumbar spine injuries. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2000;34(6):1187-1195.

Moskal J, Gmerek Ł, Jankowski R , Kmieć A, Czerniejewska H , Gruca K. Usefulness of osteometric radiological indices to evaluate the effectiveness of surgery treatment of posttraumatic fractures of cervical vertebral column with dislocation. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2004;38 (4):287-292.

Kiwerski J. Injuries of the spine as a result of sports. Int J Rehab Res 1987;10(4):417-419.

Stryła W, Lipiński P. Nowiny Lek. Urological complications after traumatic lesions of the cervical spinal cord. Nowiny Lek 1998;67(7):821-827.

Jankowski R, Nowak S, Baraniak R, Żukiel R. Spinal cord injuries in the upper thoracic region. Nowiny Lek 1998;67(9):987-994.

Lisiński P, Rozmiarek A, Samborski W. Deficits of movement functions among patients with spinal cord injuries in cervical part of spine. Nowiny Lek 2007;76(1):9-13.

Tederko P, Krasuski M, Czech J, Dargiel A, Garwacka-Jodzis I, Wojciechowska A. Reliability of clinical spasticity measurements in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2007;9(5):467-483.

Kiwerski J. Cervical spine injuries caused by diving into water. Paraplegia 1980;18(2):101-105.

Kiwerski J. Some aspects of functional results of treatment in traumatic cervical spinal cord injured patients. Paraplegia. 1988;26(2):99-100.

Kiwerski J. The natural history of neurological recovery in patients with traumatic tetraplegia. Paraplegia 1989;27(1):41-45.

Kiwerski J. Neurological outcome from conservative or surgical treatment of cervical spinal cord injuried patients. Paraplegia 1993;31:192-196.

Kiwerski J, Dymek M. Tracheostomy in the treatment of patients with quadriplegia. Pol Tyg Lek 1981;36(8):281-284.

Kiwerski J, Więcławek H, Garwacka I. Cervical spine fracures in Bechterew's disease. Pol Tyg Lek 1984; 39(17):565-567.

Bronarski J. Post-traumatic lesions of intervertebral disks and ligaments of the cervical spine in MRI. Post Psychiatr Neurol 1996;5(1):53-57.

Wilusz A, Huber J, Warzecha D, Milanowska K. Monitoring of sensory conduction in patients with damages of the cervical segment of the spinal cord. Post Rehabil 2000;14(1):41-44.

Kwolek A, Pacześniak-Jost A, Samojedna-Kobosz A.Rehabilitacja osób po urazie rdzenia kręgowego w odcinku szyjnym. Rehabilitation of patients following cervical spinal cord injury. Post Rehabil 2002;16(4):17-31.

Magiera A, Giermasiński M, Ronikier A. Assessment of lung ventilatory function in rugby competitors in wheelchairs. Post Rehabil 2003;17(3):33-51.

Kwolek A , Samojedna-Kobosz A, Pacześniak-Jost A, Tęcza T, Szpunar P Rehabilitacja i sytuacja społeczna osób po urazie rdzenia kręgowego w odcinku szyjnym. Post Rehabil 2004; 18(4):15-18.

Huber J, Cywińska-Wasilewska G, Warzecha D, Stryła W, Wilusz A, Wojtysiak M, Płończak MM, Kaczmarek M. Possibilities for correlation of neurophysiological testing and imaging diagnostics for diagnosing and forecasting treatment for subjects with partial or complete injury to the cervical spine level. Post Rehabil 2005;19(3):23-30.

Tederko P, Krasuski M. Changes of ventilatory parameters in the positional training of persons after cervical spinal cord injury. Rehabil Med 2009;13(1):11-17.

Tokarz F, Stachowski B, Czekanowska-Szlandrowicz R: Czynniki źle rokujące w urazach rdzenia kręgowego w odcinku piersiowym. In: Zdolności kompensacyjne i możliwości ich wykorzystania w rehabilitacji osób z ogniskowymi uszkodzeniami ośrodkowego układu nerwowego: materiały z Sesji Naukowej, Poznań, 7-8 XI 1983 r. Warszawa; 1985. p.74-78.

Kiwerski J, Krasuski M. Wyniki kompleksowego leczenia chorych z urazowym uszkodzeniem rdzenia kręgowego w odcinku szyjnym. In: Zdolności kompensacyjne i możliwości ich wykorzystania w rehabilitacji osób z ogniskowymi uszkodzeniami ośrodkowego układu nerwowego: materiały z Sesji Naukowej, Poznań, 7-8 XI 1983 r. Warszawa; 1985. p.150-153.

Kiwerski J, Weiss M, Chrostowska T. Analysis of mortality of patients after cervical spine trauma. Paraplegia 1981;19:347-351.

Kiwerski J. Rehabilitation of patients after thoracic spine injury treated by means of spring alloplasty. Chir Narz Ruchu 1985;50(6):491-495.

Kiwerski J, Krasuski M. Traumatic displacement of intervertebral disc fragments to the spinal canal in the cervical spine. Chir Narz Ruchu 1984;49(6):517-521.

Kiwerski J, Czerwiński R. Locomotive abilities of patients with lesion to the spinal cord in the thoracic-lumbar segments. Pol Tyg Lek 1985;40(19):537-540.

Kiwerski J, Shaban AH. Results of treatment in spine fractures by means of spring alloplasty depending on the mechanism of injury. Chir Narz Ruchu 1985;50(1):27-32.

Kiwerski J, Wieclawek H, Garwacka I. Injuries of the cervical spine in ankylosing spondylitis. Int Orthop 1985;8:243-246.

Kiwerski J. Rehabilitation of patients with thoracic spine injury treated by spring alloplasty. Int J Reh Res 1983;6(4):469-474.

Kiwerski J. Anterior interbody fusion in the treatment of cervical spine injury. Int Orthop 1982;6:255-258.

Kiwerski J, Fibigier E, Chrostowska T, Krasuski M. Late results of treatment of lower part of the spine. Pol Tyg Lek 1980;25(47):1813-1815.

Buczyński AZ, Kiwerski J. Traumatic dislocation of the axis. Chir Narz Ruchu 1980;45(3):201-205.

Kiwerski J, Chrostowska T. Remote results of treatment of the thoracic spine injuries. Chir Narz Ruchu 1980;45(1):7-11.

Kiwerski J. Injuries to spinal cord caused by sports. Pol Tyg Lek 1984;39(17):569-571.

Kiwerski J. Early anterior decompression and fusion for crusch fractures of cervical spine. Int Ortop 1993;17:166-168.

Kiwerski J. Traumatic lesions of lower cervical spine. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1992;62(26): 827-836.

Kiwerski J, Kulikowski J, Ogonowski A. Hand function of the injuried with global paralysis after spinal cord injury. Post Rehab 1991;5(4):37-43.

Kiwerski J. An analysis of results of conservative and surgical treatment in pateints with cervical spine lesions. Chir Narz Ruchu 1980;45(4):309-314.

Kopczyński S, Derenda M, Kowalina I, Siwiecki T. Surgical treatment after cervical spine and spinal cord injuries of the C3-C7 level. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2002;36(4): 669-682.

Graczyk D. Diving and autonomic cardiovascular system regulation in persons with paraplegia. Rehabil Med 2010; 14(1):25-29.

Graczyk D, Jethon Z, Magiera A. The diving influence on the autonomic nervous system of the paraplegics measured by the heart rate variability time domain analysis. Preliminary results. Pol Hyperbar Res 2008;9(3):35-43.

Kiwerski J, Frankowska Z. Some treatment problems in patients with quadriplegia after a „high” lesion of the cervical spinal cord. Chin Narz Ruchu 1988; 53(5): 361-367.

Kiwerski J, Kulikowski J, Bobryk A. Czynność ręki chorego z porażeniem czterokończynowym po urazie rdzenia kręgowego. Pol Tyg Lek 1987; 42(25): 769-771.

Kiwerski J. Traumas to the thoracic spine. Pol Przegl Chir 1987; 59(2): 150-156.

Kiwerski J. The results of early conservative and surgical treatment of cervical spinal cord injured patients. Int J Rehab Res 1986; 9(2): 149-154.

Kiwerski J. Locomotor abilities of patients after traumatic injury of cervical spinal cord. Chir Narz Ruchu 1986;51(4):255-260.

Kiwerski J. Unstable injuries of lower cervical spine. Chir Narz Ruchu 1986; 51(3): 192-197.

Kiwerski J. Non-homogenousness of spine injuries caused by compressive fractures. Chir Narz Ruchu 1986;51(3):186-191.

Kiwerski J. Importance of congenital vertebral block in pathogenesis of cervical spine injuries. Chir Narz Ruchu 1985; 50(4): 311-314.

Sosnowski S, Kalkowski J. Terapia ruchowa kończyn dolnych i górnych przy użyciu rotora TheraVital. Rehabil Prakt 2009(3):48-50.

Poniatowska R, Ryterski J, Pytlewski A. MR Imaging of spinal cord lesions in cervical myelopathy. Rezonans Mag Med 1994;2(1):45-48.

Krasuski M., Kiwerski J., Krzyżosiak L, Woźniak E.: Spinal Injuries in the Thoracic and Lumbar Segments., New Medicine 1996;2:9-15.

Woźniak K, Rzepecka-Woźniak E. Routine examination of cervical spinal cord and spinal column during forensic autopsies. Arch Med Sąd 2003;53(2):91-107.

Kiwerski J. Krwawienia z przewodu pokarmowego w przebiegu leczenia urazów rdzenia kręgowego. Chir Narz Ruchu 1982;47(4):275-279.

Pankowski R , Wilmanowska A , Gos T , Smoczyński A. Cervical fractures in autopsy records. Chir. Narz. Ruchu 2003;68(3):157-163.

Wiszniewski M, Lewandowicz E. Decubitus treatment in bed-bound patients suffer from injuries or diseases of the spinal cord. Leczenie Ran 2006;3(4):113-119.

Magiera A, Giermasiński M. Effects of spinal cord injuries on the lung ventilation in disabled athletes. Med Sport 2001;17(11):417-419.

Kiwerska-Jagodzińska K, Góralczyk B, Mikuła W. The strain syndrome of carpal canal in subjects with spinal cord injuries. Med Sport 2003;19(2):53-56.

Kiwerski J, Duma-Drzewińska A, Grabowski A. Neurogenic ossification during therapeutic rehabiulitation in patients after injuries ton the spinal cord. Pol Tyg Lek 1981;36(12):433-435.

Kiwerski J. Urazowe uszkodzenie rdzenia kręgowego w odcinku szyjnym. Pol Tyg Lek 1990;45(4/5):77-81.

Kiwerski J. Accessibility to culure of the handicapped people who suffered from the injury of the spinal cord. Post Rehab 1992;6(1):39-44.

Ogonowski A, Woźniak E, Bronarski J, Kiwerski J. Neurogenne skostnienia okołostawowe w przebiegu rehabilitacji chorych z uszkodzeniem rdzenia. Post Rehabil 1994;8(suppl 1):137-143.

Lew-Starowicz Z. Wyniki rehabilitacji seksualnej u pacjentów z uszkodzeniem rdzenia kręgowego. Post Rehabil 1994;8 suppl 1:173-177.

Kwolek A, Wojtyna A, Majka M, Domka E. Diabetes insipidus in the course of spinal cord injury - own observation. Prz Med Uniw Rzesz 2004;2(2/3):187-191.

Jankiewicz L , Podlewski J. Powikłania septyczne u paraplegików z rozległymi odleżynami In:Wybrane zagadnienia z chirurgii. Part 1 – Warszawa. 1999. p. 330-332.

Doniec J, Wąsik R, Paściak M, Szlachta Z, Kiołbasa T, Gierlach G. Specific long bones fractures management in paraplegia. Chir Narz Ruchu 1994;59(suppl 2):114-116.

Kiwerski J. Stimulation of the spinal cord in the treatment of traumatic injuries of cervical spine. Appl Neurophysiol 1986;49(3):166-171.

Kiwerski J, Chrostowska T: Clinical trials of application of pulsating electromagnetic fields in treatment of spinal cord injury. Chir Narz Ruchu 1980;45(3):273-277.

Kiwerski J, Krasuski M. Anterior interbody fusion in the treatment of cervical spine injury. Chir Narz Ruchu 1994;59 (suplp 3):421-425.

Jankowski R, Blok T, Żukiel R, Dobrzycki Z, Nowak S. Stabilizacja przeznasadowa w leczeniu operacyjnym urazów kręgosłupa w odcinku piersiowo-lędźwiowym. Kwart Ortop 2000 suppl: 182-193.

Kiwerski J. Zagrożenia uszkodzenia kręgosłupa szyjnego w następstwie skoku do wody na głowę. Med Sport 2004;20 (suppl 1):77-79.

Kiwerski J.The use of dexamethasone in the treatment of spinal cord early after trauma. Neurol Neurochir Pol 1992:26(4):518-527.

Hakało J, Wroński J. Importance of early operative decompression of spinal cord after cervical spine injuries. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2004:38(3):183-188.

Kiwerski J. Zastosowanie Dexamethazonu w leczeniu urazów rdzenia kręgowego w okresie ostrym. Post Rehabil 1994:8(suppl 1):129-135.

Krasuski M, Kiwerski J. An analysis of the results of transferring the musculocutaneous nerve onto the median nerve in tetraplegics. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 1991;111:32-33.

Kiwerski J. Epidemiology of spine injuries resulting from falls from height. Chir Narz Ruchu 1990;40(4-6):309-315.

Jarmundowicz W, Radek A. Zranienia postrzałowe kręgosłupa i rdzenia kręgowego - taktyka postępowania neurochirurgicznego. Neurol Neuroch Pol 1988; 22(2):142-148.

Kiwerski J. Spine injuries produced by motorcycle accidents. Pol Tyg Lek 1984;39(32):1061-1062.

Kiwerski J. Lesions in the spine resulting from the falling down from the horse carriage. Pol Tyg Lek 1984; 39(32):1063-1066.

Kiwerski J, Krasuski M, Woźniak E. Consequences of the injuries to the thoracic spine with spinal cord lesions in person drunk. Pol Tyg Lek 1989; 44 (43/45):910-912.

Chrostowska T, Kiwerski J. Cervical spine injuries caused by diving jumps. Wiad Lek 1979; 32(7):463- 466.

Bronarski J, Kiwerski J. Falls from height as the cause of spinal injury. Wiad Lek 1991; 44 (21/22):781-784.

Kiwerski J, Dębicka A. Spine injuries caused by suicidal jumps from the height. Chir Narz Ruchu 1983;48(2):111-115.

Kiwerski J. Road traffic accidents as a cause of spinal injuries. Chir Narz Ruchu 1981;46(6):529-533.

Kaciński M, Świerczyńska A, Jaworek M, Zając A. Non traumatic spinal syndromes in children. Prz Lek 2005;62(11):1281-1286.

Jackowska T, Wagiel E, Wagiel K, Pacholska J, Rokicka-Milewska R. Spinal cord infiltration in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Pediatr Pol 1997;72(11) suppl: 221-224.

Ruciński A, Szyber P, Janczak D, Skóra J. Ischemic lesion of the medulla as a complication in surgical treatment of abdominal aorta aneurysms. Pol Prz Chir 1995;67(11):1138-1144.

Cencora A, Mrowiecki T, Szumilak A. Ischaemia of the spinal cord after reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and contribution of Adamkiewicz-Kadyi's artery in this complication. Pol Prz Chir 1990; 62(10):821-826.

Karbownik J. Wyniki leczenia operacyjnego chorych po urazach kręgosłupa szyjnego z objawami częściowego uszkodzenia rdzenia kręgowego. Kwart Ortop 1992(1):62-63.

Kiwerski J, Bobryk A, Woźniak E, Giers A. Social living conditions of handicapped after injuries of spinal cord. Post Rehab 1990;4(2) :91-101.

Jóźwiak Kaczocha B, Kiwerski J. Brown-Sequard's syndrome as a consequence of spinal injury. Chir Narz Ruchu 1984;49(2):115-119.

Świderski W, Kiwerski J. Lesions of the cord and the cauda equina without radiological changes in the spine. Chir Narz Ruchu 1981;46(6):349-353.

Kiwerski J. Injuries of the spine from flexing mechanism. Chir Nar Ruchu 1989; 54(4/6):304-311.

Bronarski J, Kiwerski J. Open spinal cord injuries. Chir Narz Ruchu 1990; 55(4/6):317-324.

Kiwerski J. Rehabilitacja chorych po znacznym uszkodzeniu rdzenia w odcinku szyjnym. Materiały XXV Jubileuszowego Zjazdu Polskiego Towarzystwa Ortopedycznego i Traumatologicznego 24-26.IX.1984 Łódź. Łódź;1985. p. 422-425.

Kiwerski J. Extension spinal injuries. Pol Prz Chir 1985;57(8):662-668.

Kiwerski J. Hiperextension-dislocation injuries of the cervical spine. Injury 1993; 24(10): 674-677.

Bolach E, Czajkowska E. Swimming as one of the forms of therapeutic rehabilitation of people after the spinal cord injury in active rehabilitation teams. Fizjoterapia 1997;5(4):20-26.

Bolach E. The influence the Activite Rehabilitation to the degree of people's social reintegration after marrow vertebra's injury. Fizjoterapia 1998;6(1/2):25-28.

Furmaniuk L, Cywińska-Wasilewska G. Evaluation of changes in functional independence of spinal cord injury survivors during Active Rehabilitation camps. Fizjoterapia 2009;17 (2):17-24.

Plinta R, Sobiecka J, Drosdzol-Cop A, Knapik A, Skrzypulec-Plinta V. Ocena występowania lęku i depresji wśród niepełnosprawnych sportowców po urazie rdzenia kręgowego. J Orthop Trauma Surg 2011;(6):15-20.

Wodecki A, Milczarek B, Srokowski G. Sport as a way to activate persons with spinal cord injury. Post Rehabil 2009;23(4):31-36.

Frydlewicz-Bartman E, Rykała E. The role of a regular sport work out in the lives of people with spinal cord injury. Prz Med Uniw Rzesz 2009;7(4):399-404.

Tasiemski T. Tests of self service and movement in a wheelchair as elements of functional diagnosis of persons with spinal injuries. Post Rehab 1998;12(1):93-104.

Giermasiński M, Magiera A. Assessment of the FEV1 p.c. VC indicator for the fencers with injuries to the spinal cord. Post Rehabil 2001; 15 (4): 49-55.

Kiwerski J. Twenty years of activity of the department treating spine injuries in the acute post-traumatic period. Chir Narz Ruchu 1985;50(3):257-264.

Kiwerski J, Bronarski J, Woźniak E, Ogonowski A, Krzyżosiak L. Life endangerment after spinal trauma. Pol Prz Chir 1992;64 (1):61-68.

Kiwerski J. Factors increasing life threat in patients with lesions to the spinal cord. Pol Tyg Lek 1991;46(30/31):535-539.

Zagłoba-Kaszuba A, Huber J, Stryła W, Warzecha D, Wytrążek M, Lipiec J, Kulczyk A. Possibilities for precise measurement of increased muscle tone secondary to spinal cord injury with surface electromyography. Fizjoter Pol 2011;11(1):9-19.

Hubber J, Kubacki J, Milanowska K. Elektrophysiological and subclinical evaluation of the functional state of the peripheral and central nervous system in patients with damage to the cervical segment od the spine. Post Rehabil 1998;12(1):81-86.

Piesiewicz K, Żurowska A, Jethon Z, Bolach E. Characteristics of autonomic nervous system function in individuals after spinal cord injury. Fizjoterapia 2009;17 (2):12-16.

Dejewska A, Hagner W, Trela E, Dejewska J. The influence of physiotherapeutic treatment on improvement of efficiency of the respiratory system in patients after spinal cord injury. Balneol Pol 009;51(1):50-55.

Sosnowski S, Święcicki R, Tywonik J. Farsz J, Kalkowski J. Application of the CPM splint in the continuing care of patients with injury to the cervical and thoracic spine. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2000;2(2):50-52.

Tasiemski T. Satysfakcja z życia i aktywność sportowa osób po urazach rdzenia kręgowego. Poznań AWF; 2007.

Lew-Starowicz Z, Biłko A, Rybak D. Sexual disturbances in male paraplegics. Post Rehabil 1992;6(2):43-48.

Woźniak A, Kasprzak HA, Woźniak B, Drewa G, Beuth W, Śniegocki M, Grzelak L. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant potential in patients with cervical spinal cord injury. Neurol Neurochir Pol 2003;37(5):1025-1036.

Mackiewicz-Milewska M, Lach-Inszczak S, Hryncewicz W, Pilecki S, Hagner W, Dymek G, Szymkuć I. Frequency of deep vein thrombosis in immobilized patients after spinal cord injury and severe brain trauma. Pol Prz Chir 2009;81(4):326-336.

Kucharska U, Kuczyński W, Filipowska J. Ejaculation under vibratory stimulation in men with spinal cord injury. Ginekol Pol 1998:69(6):455-459.

Tederko P, Limanowska H, Kiwerski J, Krasuski T, Krasuski M. Factors determining health awareness in persons after spinal injury with neurological complications. Pilot study. Ortop Traumatol Rehabil 2010;12(6):542-553.

Krzyżosiak L, Kiwerski J, Ogonowski A, Bronarski J. Funkcja ręki tetraplegika w zależności od poziomu uszkodzenia rdzenia. Post Rehabil 1994:8 supl.1:157-162.

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