National Resources Conservation Servicesection V
U.S Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
National Resources Conservation ServiceSection V
South CarolinaApril 2002
GUIDELINES FOR USING UPLAND HARDWOODS STOCKING GUIDE AND YIELD TABLES
The oak-hickory forest type is the most prevalent of the upland hardwood types. The oaks are most abundant in this type, usually occupying dominant and co-dominant positions within the stand. The oaks are favored for management in the oak-hickory type as well as being highly favored in the other mixed-hardwood types. These guidelines assume intensive management of well-stocked stands with periodic thinning. Thinning throughout the rotation will be from below, leaving the best crop trees until the final harvest. Individual trees can be grown to larger diameters in less time by the use of well planned thinning operations, thus producing a higher quality product in a shorter rotation period.
ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL DIAMETER GROWTH OF SELECTED UPLAND HARDWOOD SPECIES
Species / Potential growth rate in managed stand / Age of 16”tree / Age of 22” treeUnmanaged Stands / Managed Stands / Unmanaged
Stands / Managed
Stands
(rings per inch) / years / years / years / years
Yellow-poplar
Black Walnut / 5
5 / 67
76 / 40
40 / 90
104 / 55
55
Scarlet Oak
Red Oak / 6
6 / 82
87 / 48
48 / 108
113 / 66
66
White Ash
Black Oak / 7
7 / 90
90 / 56
56 / 119
121 / 77
77
Sugar Maple
White Oak
Beech / 8
8
8 / 104
114
114 / 64
64
64 / 137
146
151 / 88
88
88
Hickory
Chestnut Oak / 10
10 / 126
129 / 80
80 / 168
164 / 110
110
Basically, two stand condition classes should be considered. The first assumes the availability of even-aged stands of various ages that contain levels of growing stock, which adequately occupy the site. The second condition assumes that growing stock levels are below that which would allow the stand to be carried at satisfactory stocking and must be regenerated. Because of the past “high grading” cutting practices or wildfires, many upland hardwood stands, are under-stocked with desirable trees, contain many “cull” trees and need regeneration. See Section IV – Technical Guide Code 666, Forest Stand Improvement; and Code 490, FOREST SITE PREPARATION.
Source: S.F. Gingrich, USDA-Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station; and “Investment, Analysis of Upland Oak Stands,” Forestry Report SA-FR12, June 1981, USDA-FS.
U.S Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
National Resources Conservation ServiceSection V
South CarolinaApril 2002
Gingrich’s stocking guides (below) are used to determine whether existing stands have (1) sufficient basal area in growing stock trees to carry through rotation, or (2) whether the stands should be regenerated.
The C level of stocking is used as a minimum of basal area required to carry existing stands. Stands at the C level of stocking will fully occupy the site in an average of 10 years and are worth saving. Thinning would not be carried out unless the stocking of desirable trees is above the B level, which is near 60 percent of full stocking. This means that total basal area would need to be substantially above the residual B-level shown on the tables for existing stands before thinning to this level would be practical. The key to using this growth and yield data is the appraisal of stocking conditions and the use of subsequent cultural treatments to maximize growth and quality of growing stock trees and, thus maximize rates of returns from investments. This depends on the skill of the user in classifying growing stock trees and stand conditions. Do not count cull trees or unacceptable species in basal area.
The standards used to determine growing stock trees are critical. The time to begin thinning in young stands is also important because early investments must be carried for a long period. Thinning should be delayed until trees capable of maintaining dominant crown positions can be identified in the stand. Research indicates that attempts to pre commercially thin before this natural selection takes place usually result in wasted money and effort.
U.S Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
National Resources Conservation ServiceSection V
South CarolinaApril 2002
Table 1.---Yields per acre for upland oak. First thinning at age 20Residual Stand / Cut Stand
Age / Basal
Area / Average
Tree
Diameter / Yield / Basal
Area / Yield / Cumulative total yields
(cut stand plus residual stand)
Years / Square Feet / Inches / Cubic Feet / Cords / Board Feet / Square Feet / Cubic Feet / Cords / Board Feet / Cubic
Feet / Cords / Board
Feet
SITE INDEX 55
20 / 34 / 2.3 / 60 / 0.6 / ---- / --- / ---- / ---- / ---- / 60 / 0.6 / ----
30 / 49 / 4.2 / 600 / 5.1 / ---- / 15 / ---- / 0.9 / ---- / 600 / 6.0 / ----
40 / 58 / 6.1 / 1,220 / 12.2 / 880 / 16 / 300 / 2.9 / ---- / 1,520 / 16.0 / 880
50 / 66 / 8.6 / 1,750 / 16.0 / 2,350 / 15 / 300 / 3.2 / 150 / 2,350 / 23.0 / 2,500
60 / 71 / 10.6 / 1,980 / 18.6 / 3,960 / 15 / 360 / 3.2 / 570 / 2,940 / 28.8 / 4,680
70 / 74 / 12.1 / 2,170 / 20.0 / 5,810 / 14 / 370 / 3.8 / 820 / 3,500 / 34.0 / 7,350
SITE INDEX 65
20 / 37 / 2.8 / 160 / 1.6 / ---- / ---- / 18 / ---- / ---- / 178 / 1.6 / ----
30 / 50 / 4.6 / 750 / 7.4 / ---- / 20 / 132 / 1.2 / ---- / 900 / 8.6 / ----
40 / 63 / 7.7 / 1,760 / 16.0 / 1,320 / 15 / 290 / 3.2 / ---- / 2,200 / 20.4 / 1,320
50 / 69 / 9.8 / 2,150 / 19.7 / 3,500 / 19 / 625 / 4.1 / 400 / 3,215 / 28.2 / 3,900
60 / 73 / 12.0 / 2,460 / 22.5 / 6,120 / 18 / 515 / 4.4 / 1,160 / 4,040 / 35.4 / 7,680
70 / 77 / 14.6 / 2,730 / 24.2 / 9,030 / 16 / 520 / 4.9 / 2,010 / 4,830 / 42.0 / 12,600
SITE INDEX 75
20 / 46 / 3.6 / 476 / 4.4 / ---- / ---- / 218 / 2.0 / ---- / 694 / 6.4 / ----
30 / 57 / 5.6 / 1,275 / 13.0 / ---- / 26 / 307 / 3.6 / ---- / 1,800 / 18.6 / ----
40 / 66 / 8.4 / 2,140 / 19.8 / 2,160 / 21 / 535 / 4.8 / 240 / 3,200 / 30.2 / 2,400
50 / 71 / 10.8 / 2,600 / 24.7 / 6,450 / 21 / 665 / 5.4 / 1,160 / 4,325 / 40.5 / 7,850
60 / 76 / 13.4 / 3,060 / 28.5 / 10,680 / 19 / 615 / 4.9 / 2,020 / 5,400 / 49.2 / 14,100
70 / 79 / 16.3 / 3,465 / 31.5 / 13,720 / 19 / 635 / 5.2 / 2,740 / 6,440 / 57.4 / 19,880
Table 2.---Yields per acre for upland oak; No thinning
Age / Basal
Area / Trees / Average
Tree
Diameter 1/ / Yields
Years / Square Feet / No. / Inches / Cubic
Feet / Cords / Board
Feet
SITE INDEX 55
20 / 55 / 2,500 / 2.0 / 60 / 0.6 / ----
30 / 75 / 1,260 / 3.3 / 583 / 5.3 / ----
40 / 87 / 790 / 4.5 / 1,320 / 12.1 / ----
50 / 97 / 480 / 6.1 / 2,150 / 19.7 / 400
60 / 104 / 357 / 7.3 / 2,520 / 22.9 / 900
70 / 108 / 295 / 8.2 / 2,730 / 24.4 / 2,800
80 / 112 / 242 / 9.2 / 2,880 / 25.6 / 5,400
SITE INDEX 65
20 / 59 / 1880 / 2.4 / 178 / 1.6 / ----
30 / 81 / 930 / 4.0 / 1,200 / 10.6 / ----
40 / 96 / 505 / 5.9 / 1,840 / 18.2 / 440
50 / 105 / 342 / 7.5 / 2,800 / 26.9 / 2,150
60 / 111 / 262 / 8.8 / 3,300 / 30.8 / 5,160
70 / 115 / 215 / 9.9 / 3,700 / 33.3 / 7,200
80 / 117 / 187 / 10.7 / 3,950 / 35.6 / 8,200
SITE INDEX 75
20 / 70 / 1,425 / 3.0 / 694 / 6.4 / ----
30 / 89 / 680 / 4.9 / 1,670 / 16.7 / ----
40 / 101 / 400 / 6.8 / 2,440 / 23.7 / 1,380
50 / 110 / 279 / 8.5 / 3,315 / 30.1 / 4,100
60 / 114 / 222 / 9.7 / 4,140 / 37.7 / 9288
70 / 117 / 187 / 10.7 / 4,760 / 43.0 / 11,200
80 / 120 / 166 / 11.5 / 5,160 / 46.5 / 12,500
1/ The diameter of the tree of average basal area
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
EXPLANATION
The information in these tables is generally applicable to well-stocked managed, upland hardwood stands where various species of white oak, red oak, and black oak are the principal components.
Site index ratings for upland oaks on adapted soils are shown in Section II of the technical guide. Information is shown in these tables for site classes 50, 60, 70, and 80.
Cutting cycle represents the average number of years required for the “leave trees” after a periodic cutting, to grow to the next higher 2-inch diameter class. The cutting cycles vary by site, as indicated, in this table.
Average stand diameter is the average diameter in inches of the stand before a periodic cutting. The “leave trees” at the time of a periodic cutting, if properly selected, will usually average larger; the “cut trees” will average smaller.
Average stand age is the approximate age of the stand, by site class, at the average diameter in column 1. Proper stocking must be maintained by periodic cuttings, and improvement cuttings must be started at an early age, to maintain this diameter-age ratio.
Before cut is the approximate volume of all merchantable trees in the well-stocked stand at the average stand diameter shown in column 1.
After cut is the volume of “leave trees,” properly spaced and selected on the basis of species, form and vigor, to remain through the next cutting cycle.
This cut is the approximate volume of merchantable trees to be removed from the well-stocked stand to provide proper growing space for the selected “leave trees”.
Cumulative cut is the estimated total volume harvested through the designated age (the current “this cut” plus previous cuts).
Cumulative yield includes the volume of the remaining stand (after cut) as well as the volume harvested (cumulative cut) at the designated age.
Average yearly growth is the average annual increment up to the age shown in column 2. It is obtained by dividing “cumulative yield” by “ stand age”.
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
UPLAND HARDWOODS
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS
SITES 50 though 80
/ Average Volume Per Acre – Standards Cords and Board Feet (International) 1/Average
DBH(In.) / Average
Age
(Yrs.) / All Trees / Leave Trees / Cut Trees / CumulativeCut / Cumulative
Yield / Average
Yearly
Growth
SITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE – 6 YEARS)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24 / 24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
80 /
18 CDS
24 “29 ”
6,400 BF
7,900 “
10,600 “
12,400 “
14,400 “
16,200 “
17,200 “ / 12 CDS
17 “
21 “
4,900 BF
6,300 “
8,800 “
10,400 “
12,200 “
14,000 “
---- / 6 CDS“
7 “
8 “
1,500 BF
1,600 “
1,800 “
2,000 “
2,200 “
2,000 “
17,200 “ / 6 CDS
13 “
21 “
1,500 BF
3,100 “
4,900 “
6,900 “
9,100 “
11,200 “
28,400 “ /
18 CDS
32 “42 “
6,400 BF
9,400 “
13,700 “
17,300 “
21,300 “
25,200 “
28,400 “ / 0.8 CDS
1.1 “
1.2 “
150 BF
200 “
250 “
290 “
320 “
350 “
360 “
SITE 70 (CUTTING CYCLE – 7 YEARS)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20 / 28
35
42
49
56
63
70
77 /
18 CDS
22 “28 “
6,400 BF
7,400 “
10,000 “
12,000 “
13,000 “ / 12 CDS
15 “
20 “
4,900 BF
5,900 “
8,300 “
10,100 “
----- / 6 CDS
7 “
8 “
1,500 BF
1,500 “
1,700 “
1,900 “
13,000 “ / 6 CDS
13 “
21 “
1,500 BF
3,000 “
4,700 “
6,600 “
19,600 “ /
18 CDS
28 “41 “
6,400 BF
8,900 “
13,000 “
16,700 “
19,600 “ / 0.6 CDS
0.8 “
1.0 “
130 BF
160 “
210 “
240 “
260 “
SITE 60 (CUTTING CYCLE – 8 YEAR)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18 / 32
40
48
56
64
72
80 /
14 CDS
22 “27 “
5,500 BF
7,000 “
9,300 “
10,800 “ / 9 CDS
16 “
20 “
4,200 BF
5,600 “
7,800 “
------ / 5 CDS
6 “
7 “
1,300 BF
1,400 “
1,500 “
10,800 “ / 5 CDS
11 “
18 “
1,300 “
2,700 BF
4,200 “
15,000 “ /
14 CDS
27 “38 “
5,500 BF
8,300 “
12,000 “
15,000 “ / 0.4 CDS
0.7 “
0.8 “
100 BF
130 “
170 “
190 “
SITE 50 (CUTTING CYCLE –9 YEARS)
68
10
12
14
16 / 36
45
54
63
72
81 /
11 CDS
19 “26 “
4,900 BF
6,600 “
8,200 “ / 7 CDS
14 “
19 “
3,700 BF
5,300 “
------ / 4 CDS
5 “
7 “
1,200 BF
1,200 “
8,200 “ / 4 CDS
9 “
16 “
1,200 BF
2,400 “
10,600 /
11 CDS
23 “35 “
4,900 BF
7,700 “
10,600 “ / 0.3 CDS
0.5 “
0.6 “
80 BF
110 “
130 “
1/ Adapted from USDA Technical Bulletin 560 by S.F. Gingrich, W.J. Lloyd, and J. M. Case.
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
UPLAND OAKS
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS- SITE CLASSES 50, 60, 70, 80
TABLE 1: AGE, VOLUME, AND YEARLY GROWTH 1/
/ Average Volume Per Acre – Standard Cords and Board Feet (Doyle)Average
StandDiam. / Average
Stand
Age
/ BeforeCut / After
Cut / This
Cut / Cumulative
Cut / Cumulative
Yield / Average
Yearly
Growth
SITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE – 6 YEARS)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24 / 24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
80 /
18 CDS
24 “29 “
3,500 BF
4,700 “
7,000 “
9,100 “
10,900 “
12,800 “
14,300 “ / 12 CDS
17 “
21 “
2,700 BF
3,700 “
5,800 “
7,600 “
9,300 “
11,100 “
---- / 6 CDS“
7 “
8 “
800 BF
1,000 “
1,200 “
1,500 “
1,600 “
1,700 “
14,300 “ / 6 CDS
13 “
21 “
800 BF
1,800 “
3,000 “
4,500 “
6,100 “
7,800 “
22,100 “ /
18 CDS
32 “42 “
3,500 BF
5,500 “
8,800 “
12,100 “
15,400 “
18,900 “
22,100 “ / 0.8 CDS
1.1 “
1.2 “
80 BF
110 “
160 “
200 “
230 “
260 “
280 “
SITE 70 (CUTTING CYCLE – 7 YEARS)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20 / 28
35
42
49
56
63
70
77 /
18 CDS
22 “28 “
3,500 BF
4,400 “
6,600 “
8,800 “
9,900 “ / 12 CDS
15 “
20 “
2,700 BF
3,500 “
5,500 “
7,400 “
----- / 6 CDS
7 “
8 “
800 BF
900 “
1,100 “
1,400 “
9,900 “ / 6 CDS
13 “
21 “
800 BF
1,700 “
2,800 “
4,,200 “
14,100 “ /
18 CDS
28 “41 “
3,500 BF
5,200 “
8,300 “
11,600 “
14,100 “ / 0.6 CDS
0.8 “
1.0 “
70 BF
90 “
130 “
170 “
180 “
SITE 60 (CUTTING CYCLE – 8 YEARS)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18 / 32
40
48
56
64
72
80 /
14 CDS
22 “27 “
3,000 BF
4,100 “
6,100 “
7,900 “ / 9 CDS
16 “
20 “
2,300 BF
3,300 “
5,100 “
------ / 5 CDS
6 “
7 “
700 BF
800 “
1,000 “
7,900 “ / 5 CDS
11 “
18 “
700 BF
1,500 “
2,500 “
10,400 “ /
14 CDS
27 “38 “
3,000 BF
4,800 “
6,600 “
10,400 “ / 0.4 CDS
0.7 “
0.8 “
50 BF
70 “
90 “
130 “
SITE 50 (CUTTING CYCLE –9 YEARS)
68
10
12
14
16 / 36
45
54
63
72
81 /
11 CDS
19 “26 “
2,700 BF
3,900 “
5,400 “ / 7 CDS
14 “
19 “
2,000 BF
3,100 “
------ / 4 CDS
5 “
7 “
700 BF
800 “
5,400 “ / 4 CDS
9 “
16 “
700 BF
1,500 “
6,900 “ /
11 CDS
23 “35 “
2,700 BF
4,600 “
6,900 “ / 0.3 CDS
0.5 “
0.6 “
40 BF
60 “
90 “
1/ Adapted from USDA Technical Bulletin 560 by S.F. Gingrich, W.J. Lloyd, and J. M. Case (See explanation
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
UPLAND OAKS
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS- SITE CLASSES 50, 60, 70, 80
TABLE 1: AGE, VOLUME, AND YEARLY GROWTH 1/
/ Average Volume Per Acre – Standard Cords and Board Feet (Scribner)Average
StandDiam. / Average
Stand
Age
/ BeforeCut / After
Cut / This
Cut / Cumulative
Cut / Cumulative
Yield / Average
Yearly
Growth
SITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE – 6 YEARS)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24 / 24
30
36
42
48
54
60
66
72
80 /
18 CDS
24 “29 ”
5,400 BF
6,800 “
9,300 “
11,000 “
13,000 “
14,700 “
15,800 “ / 12 CDS
17 “
21 “
4,100 BF
5,400 “
7,700 “
9,300 “
11,000 “
12,700 “
---- / 6 CDS
7 “
8 “
1,300 BF
1,400 “
1,600 “
1,700 “
2,000 “
2,000 “
15,800 “ / 6 CDS
13 “
21 “
1,300 BF
2,700 “
4,300 “
6,000 “
8,000 “
10,000 “
25,800 “ /
18 CDS
32 “42 “
5,400 BF
8,100 “
12,000 “
15,300 “
19,000 “
22,700 “
25,800 “ / 0.8 CDS
1.1 “
1.2 “
130 BF
170 “
220 “
250 “
290 “
310 “
320 “
SITE 70 (CUTTING CYCLE – 7 YEARS)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20 / 28
35
42
49
56
63
70
77 /
18 CDS
22 “28 “
5,400 BF
6,400 “
8,800 “
10,700 “
11,700 “ / 12 CDS
15 “
20 “
4,100 BF
5,100 “
7,300 “
9,000 “
----- / 6 CDS
7 “
8 “
1,300 BF
1,300 “
1,500 “
1,700 “
11,700 “ / 6 CDS
13 “
21 “
1,300 BF
2,600 “
4,100 “
5,,800 “
17,500 “ /
18 CDS
28 “41 “
5,400 BF
7,700 “
11,400 “
14,800 “
17,500 “ / 0.6 CDS
0.8 “
1.0 “
110 BF
140 “
180 “
210 “
230 “
SITE 60 (CUTTING CYCLE – 8 YEARS)
6
8
10
12
14
16
18 / 32
40
48
56
64
72
80 /
14 CDS
22 “27 “
4,600 BF
6,000 “
8,200 “
9,600 “ / 9 CDS
16 “
20 “
3,500 BF
4,800 “
6,900 “
------ / 5 CDS
6 “
7 “
1,100 BF
1,200 “
1,300 “
9,600 “ / 5 CDS
11 “
18 “
1,100 BF
2,300 “
3,600 “
13,200 “ /
14 CDS
27 “38 “
4,600 BF
7,100 “
10,500 “
13,200 “ / 0.4 CDS
0.7 “
0.8 “
80 BF
110 “
140 “
160 “
SITE 50 (CUTTING CYCLE –9 YEARS)
68
10
12
14
16 / 36
45
54
63
72
81 /
11 CDS
19 “26 “
4,100 BF
5,700 “
7,200 “ / 7 CDS
14 “
19 “
3,100 BF
4,500 “
------ / 4 CDS
5 “
7 “
1000 BF
1,200 “
7,200 “ / 4 CDS
9 “
16 “
1,000 BF
2,200 “
9,400 “ /
11 CDS
23 “35 “
4,100 BF
6,700 “
9,400 “ / 0.3 CDS
0.5 “
0.6 “
60 BF
90 “
120 “
1/ Adapted from USDA Technical Bulletin 560 by S.F. Gingrich, W.J. Lloyd, and J. M. Case
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
LOWLAND HARDWOODS (OAK-GUM)
ESTIMATED POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS
/ Average Volume Per Acre – Standard Cords and Board Feet (Doyle)Average
DBH(In.) / Average
Age
(Yrs.) / All Trees / Leave Trees / Cut Trees / CumulativeCut / Cumulative
Yield / Average
Yearly
Growth
SITE 100 (CUTTING CYCLE – 9 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22
26
30 / 18
27
36
45
54
63
72 / 16 CDS
25 “
6,850 BF
11,450 “
15,900 “
19,600 “
23,100 “ / 15 CDS
18 “
5,610 BF
9,610 “
13,560 “
16,540 “
------ / 6 CDS
7 “
1,240 BF
1,850 “
2,340 ”
3,060 “
23,100 / 6 CDS
13 “
1,240 BF
3,080 “
5,420 “
8,480 “
31,580 “ / 17 CDS
31 “
6,850 BF
12, 690 “
18,980 “
25,020 “
31,580 “ / 1.0 CDS
1.1 “
190 BF
282 “
351 “
397 “
439 “
SITE 90 (CUTTING CYCLE –10 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22
26 / 20
30
40
50
60
70 / 16 CDS
24 “
6,340 BF
10,620 “
14,700 “
18,240 “ / 11 CDS
17 “
5,190 BF
8,920 “
12,530 “
------ / 5 CDS
5 “
1,150 BF
1,700 “
2,170 “
18,24 0 / 5 CDS
12 “
1,150 BF
2,850 “
5,020 “
23,260 “ / 16 CDS
29 “
6,340 BF
11,770 “
17,550 “
23,260 “ / 0.8 CDS
1.0 “
159 BF
235 “
293 “
332 “
SITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE –11 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22 / 22
33
44
55
66 / 14 CDS
17 “
5,380 BF
9,750 “
13,500 “ / 10 CDS
16 “
4,770 BF
8,190 “
------ / 5 CDS
6 “
1,060 BF
1,560 “
13,500 “ / 5 CDS
11 “
1,060 BF
2,620 “
16,120 “ / 15 CDS
27 “
5,830 “
10,810…..”
16,120 “ / 0.7 CDS
0.8 “
133 BF
196 “
244 “
Adapted from Table 7, Agriculture Handbook 181, and unpublished data provided by personnel of the Southern Hardwood Lab., U.S.F.S. Southern Forest Experiment Station.
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
LOWLAND HARDWOODS (OAK-GUM)
POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS
/ Average Volume Per Acre – Standard Cords and Board Feet (International)Average
DBH(In.) / Average
Age
(Yrs.) / All Trees / Leave Trees / Cut Trees / CumulativeCut / Cumulative
Yield / Average
Yearly
Growth
SITE 100 (CUTTING CYCLE – 9 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22
26 / 18
27
36
45
54
63 / 17 CDS
25 “
11,600 BF
15,600 “
20,000 “
22,900 “ / 11 CDS
18 “
9,500 BF
13,100 “
17,100 “
------ / 6 CDS
7 “
2,100 BF
2,500 ”
2,900 “
22,900 ” / 6 CDS
13 “
2,100 BF
4,600 “
7,500 “
30,400 “ / 16 CDS
31 “
11,600 BF
17,700 “
24,600 “
30,400 “ / 0.8 CDS
1.1 “
322 BF
393 “
455 “
483 “
SITE 90 (CUTTING CYCLE – 10 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22 / 20
30
40
50
60 / 16 CDS
23 “
10,700 BF
14,400 “
18,500 “ / 11 CDS
17 “
8,800 BF
12,100 “
------ / 5 CDS
6 “
1,900 BF
2,300 “
18,500 “ / 5 CDS
11 “
1,900 BF
4,200 “
22,700 “ / 16 CDS
28 “
10,700 BF
16,300 “
22,700 “ / 0.7 CDS
0.9 “
266 BF
326 “
378 “
SITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE – 12 YEARS)
6
10
14
18 / 24
36
48
60 / 15 CDS
22 “
9,900 BF
13,300 “ / 10 CDS
16 “
8,100 BF
------ / 5 CDS
6 “
1,800 BF
13,300 “ / 5 CDS
11 “
1,800 BF
15,100 “ / 15 CDS
27 “
9,900 BF
15,100 ” / 0.6 CDS
0.8 “
206 BF
252 “
Adapted from Table 7, Agriculture Handbook 181, and unpublished data provided by personnel of the Southern Hardwood Laboratory, USFS Southern Forest Experiment Station.
Cutting cycles are average number of years to attain the next higher 4-inch DBH class on specified sites. Yields do not include topwood from sawlogs; this would add about one cord per MBF.
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
LOWLAND HARDWOODS (OAK-GUM)
POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS
/ Average Volume Per Acre – Standard Cords and Board Feet (Scribner)Average
DBH(In.) / Average
Age
(Yrs.) / All Trees / Leave Trees / Cut Trees / CumulativeCut / Cumulative
Yield / Average
Yearly
Growth
SITE 100 (CUTTING CYCLE – 9 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
20
22 / 18
27
36
45
54
63 / 17 CDS
25 “
10,000 BF
13,800 “
21,500 “
24,000 “ / 11 CDS
18 “
7,900 BF
11,300 “
18,700 “
------ / 6 CDS
7 “
2,100 BF
2,500 “
2,800 “
24,000 “ / 6 CDS
13 “
2,100 BF
4,600 “
7,400 “
31,400 “ / 17 CDS
31 “
10,000 BF
15,900 “
26,100 “
31,400 “ / 0.9 CDS
1.1 “
278 BF
353 “
483 “
498 “
SITE 90 (CUTTING CYCLE – 10 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22 / 20
30
40
50
60 / 16 CDS
24 “
9,300 BF
12,800 “
16,900 “ / 11 CDS
17 “
7,400 BF
10,500 “
------ / 5 CDS
7 “
1,900 BF
2,300 “
16,900 “ / 5 CDS
12 “
1,900 BF
4,200 “
21,100 “ / 16 CDS
29 “
9,300 BF
14,700 “
21,100 “ / 0.9 CDS
1.0 “
233 BF
294 “
352 “
SITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE – 12 YEARS)
6
10
14
18 / 24
36
48
60 / 15 CDS
22 “
8,600 BF
11,800 “ / 10 CDS
16 “
6,900 BF
------ / 5 CDS
6 “
1,700 BF
11,800 “ / 5 CDS
11 “
1,700 BF
12,500 “ / 15 CDS
27 “
8,600 “
13,500 “ / 0.6 CDS
0.8 “
179 BF
225 “
Adapted from Table 7, Agriculture Handbook 181, and unpublished data provided by personnel of the Southern Hardwood Lab., U.S.F.S. Southern Forest Experiment Station.
U. S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation ServiceSection V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
LOWLAND HARDWOODS (OAK-GUM)
ESTIMATED STOCKING AND DEVELOPMENT PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN – AGED MANAGED STANDS
AT THE END OF SUCCESSIVE GROWTH PERIODS (CUTTING CYCLES) 1/
SITE 80-110
Average DBH(Inches) /
Average Basal Area
(Square Feet) /Average Number of Trees
(Number)All
Trees
/Leave
Trees /Cut
Trees /All
Trees /Leave
Trees
/Cut
Trees
/All
Trees /Leave
Trees
/Cut
Trees
610
14
18
22
26
30
34 / 6.5
10.7
14.8
18.8
22.8
26.8
30.7
---- / 5.6
9.0
12.5
16.0
19.6
23.5
27.4
34.0 / 93
110
120
125
129
133
132
132 / 47
71
85
95
102
106
108
---- / 46
39
35
30
27
37
24
132 / 475
202
112
71
49
36
27
21 / 202
112
71
49
36
27
21
---- / 273
90
41
22
13
9
6
21
1/ The above data extracted from Table 7, Agriculture Handbook 181, Management and Inventory of Southern
Hardwoods, USDA Forest Service.
End of each growth period is signaled by attainment of specified average size.
Duration of growth period (cutting cycle) varies by site. See cutting cycles and potential yields by 10-foot site
classes.
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
TUPELOS
POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS
/ Average Volume Per Acre – Standard Cords and Board Feet (Doyle) 2/Average
DBH 1/(In.) / Average
Age
(Yrs.) / All Trees / Leave Trees / Cut Trees / CumulativeCut / Cumulative
Yield / Average
Yearly
Growth
SITE 90 (CUTTING CYCLE – 10 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22
26 / 20
30
40
50
60
70 / 15 CDS
26 “
4,750 BF
8,870 “
13,800 “
17,800 “ / 9 CDS
19 “
3,900 BF
7,930 “
11,610 “
------ / 6 CDS
7 “
850 BF
1,040 ”
2,190 “
17,,800 “ / 6 CDS
13 “
850 BF
1,890 “
3,080 “
19,990 “ / 15 CDS
32 “
4,750 BF
9,820 “
15,690 “
19,990 “ / 0.7 CDS
1.1 “
119 BF
196 “
262 “
286 “
SITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE – 12 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22 / 24
36
48
60
72 / 14 CDS
24 “
4,370 BF
8,250 “
12,700 “ / 8 CDS
18 “
3,590 BF
7,300 “
------ / 6 CDS
18 “
780 BF
950 “
12,700 “ / 6 CDS
6 “
780 BF
1,730 “
14,430 “ / 14 CDS
12 “
4,370 BF
9,030 “
14,430 “ / 0.6 CDS
0.8 “
91 BF
150 “
200 “
SITE 70 (CUTTING CYCLE – 14 YEARS)
6
10
14
18 / 28
42
56
70 / 13 CDS
22 “
3,990 BF
7,530 “ / 8 CDS
16 “
3,280 BF
------ / 5 CDS
6 “
710 BF
7,530 “ / 5 CDS
11 “
710 BF
8,240 “ / 13 CDS
27 “
3,990 BF
8,240 ” / 0.5 CDS
0.6 “
71 BF
118 “
Adapted from Table 8, Agriculture Handbook 181, and unpublished data provided by personnel of the Southern Hardwood Lab., U.S.F.S. Southern Forest Experiment Station.
1/ Diameter above bottleneck
2/ Saw-log volume includes all sound reasonably straight to a minimum 10-inch top, at least 12 feet above the stump.
U. S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation ServiceSection V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
TUPELOS
ESTIMATED STOCKING AND DEVELOPMENT PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN – AGED MANAGED STANDS
SITE 70-100
Average DBH 1/(Inches) /
Average Basal Area
(Square Feet) /Average Number of Trees
(Number)All
Trees
/Leave
Trees /Cut
Trees /All
Trees /Leave
Trees
/Cut
Trees
/All
Trees /Leave
Trees
/Cut
Trees
610
14
18
22
26
30 / 6.5
10.7
14.8
18.8
22.8
26.8
---- / 5.5
8.9
12.5
16.0
19.6
23.5
30.0 / 119
141
156
168
177
183
185 / 51
79
102
118
131
140
---- / 68
62
54
50
46
43
185 / 605
259
146
95
67
50
38 / 259
146
95
67
50
38
---- / 346
113
51
28
17
12
38
1/ Diameter above bottleneck.
Data extracted from Table 8 Agriculture Handbook 181, Management and Inventory of Southern Hardwoods, USDA Forest Service.
Duration of growth period (cutting cycle) varies by site; see cutting cycles and potential yields by 10-foot site classes.
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
YELLOW-POPLAR
POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS
/ Average Volume Per Acre – Standard Cords and Board Feet (International)Average
DBH(In.) / Average
Age
(Yrs.) / All Trees / Leave Trees / Cut Trees / CumulativeCut / Cumulative
Yield / Average
Yearly
Growth
SITE 110 (CUTTING CYCLE – 8 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22
26 / 16
24
32
40
48
56 /
22 CDS
32 “12,900 BF
20,300 “
25,300 “
30,400 “ / 13 CDS
20 “
10,600 BF
16,200 “
21,100 “
---- / 9 CDS
12 “
2,300 BF
4,100 “
4,200 “
30,400 “ / 9 CDS
21 “
2,300 BF
6,400 “
10,600 “
41,000 “ /
22 CDS
41 “12,900 BF
22,600 “
30,700 “
41,000 “ / 1.4 CDS
1.7 “
403 BF
565 “
640 “
732 “
SITE 100 (CUTTING CYCLE – 9 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22 / 18
27
36
45
54 /
21 CDS
30 “12,000 BF
18,900 “
23,500 “ / 13 CDS
19 “
10,000 BF
15,100 “
----- / 8 CDS
11 “
2,200 BF
3,800 “
23,5000 “ / 8 CDS
17 “
2,200 BF
3,800 “
23,500 “ /
21 CDS
38 “12,000 BF
21,100 “
29,500 “ / 1.2 CDS
1.4 “
333 BF
469 “
546 “
SITE 90 (CUTTING CYCLE – 10 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22 / 20
30
40
50
60 /
19 CDS
28 “11,100 BF
17,000 “
21,800 “ / 12 CDS
18 “
9,100 BF
13,500 “
------ / 7 CDS
10 “
2,000 BF
3,500 “
21,800 “ / 7 CDS
17 “
2,000 BF
5,500 “
27,300 “ /
19 CDS
35 “11,100 BF
19,000 “
27,300 “ / 0.9 CDS
1.2 “
277 BF
380 “
445 “
SITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE –12 YEARS)
610
14
18
22 / 24
36
48
60
72 /
18 CDS
26 “10,200 BF
15,800 “
20,100 “ / 12 CDS
15 “
8,400 BF
12,600 “
------ / 6 CDS
9 “
1,800 BF
3,200 “
20,100 “ / 6 CDS
15 “
1,800 BF
5,000 “
25,100 “ /
18 CDS
32 “10,200 BF
17,600 “
25,100 “ / 0.8 CDS
0.9 “
212 BF
293 “
349 “
Adapted from Table 7, USDA Agriculture Handbook 181, and unpublished data provided by personnel of the Southern
Hardwood Lab., USFS Southern Forest Experiment Station. Cutting cycles are average number of years to attain next
higher 4-inch DBH class on specified sites.
U.S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation Service Section V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
YELLOW-POPLAR
POTENTIAL YIELDS PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN-AGED MANAGED STANDS
/ Average Volume Per Acre – Standard Cords and Board Feet (Doyle)Average
DBH(In.) / Average
Age
(Yrs.) / All Trees / Leave Trees / Cut Trees / CumulativeCut / Cumulative
Yield / Average
Yearly
Growth
SITE 100 (CUTTING CYCLE – 8 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22
26
30 / 16
24
32
40
48
56
64 / 22 CDS
32 “
7,700 BF
15,000 “
20,100 “
26,000 “
31,700 “ / 13 CDS
20 “
6,300 BF
12,000 “
16,700 “
22,300 “
------ / 9 CDS
12 “
1,400 BF
3,000 ”
3,400 “
3,700 “
31,700 “ / 9 CDS
21 “
1,400 BF
4,400 “
7,800 “
11,500 “
43,200 “ / 22 CDS
41 “
7,700 BF
16,400 “
24,500 “
33,800 “
43,200 “ / 1.3 CDS
1.7 “
241 BF
410 “
510 “
604 “
675 “
SITE 100 (CUTTING CYCLE – 9 YEARS)
6
10
14
18
22
26 / 18
27
36
45
54
63 / 21 CDS
30 “
7,100 BF
13,900 “
18,700 “
24,200 “ / 13 CDS
19 “
5,800 BF
11,100 “
15,600 “
------ / 6 CDS
11 “
1,300 BF
2,800 “
3,100 “
24,200 “ / 8 CDS
19 “
1,300 BF
4,100 “
7,200 “
31,400 “ / 21 CDS
38 “
7,100 BF
15,200 “
22,800 “
31,400 “ / 1.2 CDS
1.4 “
197 BF
338 “
-----
-----
SITE 90 (CUTTING CYCLE –10 YEARS)
10
14
18
22
26 / 20
30
40
50
60 / 19 CDS
28 “
6,600 BF
12,900 “
17,300 “ / 12 CDS
18 “
5,400 BF
10,300 “
------ / 7 CDS
10 “
1,200 BF
2,600 “
17,300 “ / 7 CDS
17 “
1,200 BF
3,800 “
21,100 “ / 19 CDS
35 “
6,600 BF
14,100 ”
21,100 “ / 0.9 CDS
1.2 “
165 BF
282 “
352 “
SITE 80 (CUTTING CYCLE –12 YEAR)
6
10
14
18 / 24
36
48
60 / 17 CDS
26 “
6,100 “
11,900 “ / 16 CDS
17 “
5,000 BF
------ / 6 CDS
7 “
1,100 BF
11,900 “ / 6 CDS
15 “
1,100 BF
13,000 “ / 18 CDS
32 “
6,100 “
13,000 “ / 0.8 CDS
0.8 “
127 BF
217 “
Adapted from Table 7, Agriculture Handbook 181, and unpublished data provided by personnel of the Southern Hardwood Lab., U.S.F.S. Southern Forest Experiment Station. Cutting cycles are average number of years to attain next higher 4-inch DBH class on specified sites.
U. S. Department of AgricultureTechnical Guide
Natural Resources Conservation ServiceSection V
All Resource AreasRev. April 2002
YELLOW POPLAR
ESTIMATED STOCKING AND DEVELOPMENT PER ACRE
WELL-STOCKED EVEN – AGED MANAGED STANDS
AT THE END OF SUCCESSIVE GROWTH PERIODS (CUTTING CYCLES)
SITE 80-100
Average DBH(Inches) /
Average Basal Area
(Square Feet) /Average Number of Trees
(Number)All
Trees
/Leave
Trees /Cut
Trees /All
Trees /Leave
Trees
/Cut
Trees
/All
Trees /Leave
Trees
/Cut
Trees
610
14
18
22
26
30 / 6.5
10.7
14.8
18.8
22.8
26.8
---- / 5.6
9.0
12.5
16.0
19.6
23.5
30.0 / 102
120
128
138
142
147
152 / 51
76
93
105
114
121
---- / 51
44
35
33
28
26
152 / 520
220
120
78
54
40
31 / 220
120
78
54
40
31
---- / 300
100
42
24
14
9
31
Adapted from Table 7, Agriculture Handbook No. 181, USDA Forest Service. Stocking exceeds Table 7 by about 10 percent, as recommended by authors (page 80). End of each growth period (cutting cycle) is signaled by attainment of specified average size. Duration of growth period varies by site; see cutting cycles and potential yields by 10-foot site classes.