Name Date of Your Quarterly

Biology CP 2015

Marking Period 1 Quarterly Exam Review Sheet

This review sheet is to be used as a guide to help you focus your studies for the MP1 Quarterly examination.

Note: This review sheet is not intended to be all-inclusive.

Characteristics of Living Things

  • Organism = general term for a living thing
  • Definition of a cell
  • Contrast living and nonliving things
  • Features of Life (as discussed in class / listed in textbook / viewed in lab) – what it means to be ‘alive’ – you don’t need to be able to list them, but you should be able to identify and explain with examples
  • Growth vs. Development – be able to define and explain with examples
  • Define metabolism & homeostasis
  • Asexual vs. sexual reproduction
  • Unicellular vs. multicellular (and examples of each)
  • Autotrophic vs. heterotrophic (and examples of each)
  • Importance of DNA as the genetic material of the cell
  • Adaptation & evolution
  • Distinguish between stimulus & response; identify examples of each
  • Taxonomy (DKPCOFGS) – be able to identify an organism’s scientific name; be able to tell whether organisms are closely related or not, by looking at their classification categories
  • Photosynthesis and cellular respiration
  • basic definition/equation of each process
  • be familiar with how the two reactions are interdependent
  • what types of organisms do each process
  • importance of ATP produced by cellular respiration

Basic Chemistry

  • Definition of atom, molecule, element, compound
  • Properties of Water (especially its partial charges & ability to hydrogen bond)
  • Basic Atomic Structure
  • Compare/contrast proton, neutron, electron
  • Why atoms in their elemental state are neutral
  • Draw diagram of an atom showing numbers and locations of subatomic particles and energy levels
  • Be able to identify the parts of an atom, their charges, and their locations.
  • Be able to draw and/or interpret Lewis dot diagrams and/or Bohr models for atoms
  • Periodic Table
  • Atomic Mass (mass number) vs. Atomic Number
  • How to determine the valence of an atom
  • Be able to determine # of bonds an atom can form
  • Given its atomic number, determine the number of electrons, and covalent bonds an atom will form
  • Reactivity & Bonding
  • What determines the reactivity of an atom? What is the importance of Valence Electrons?
  • Why are some atoms “stable” and “nonreactive” while others are “unstable” and “reactive”?
  • Know how covalent & ionic bonds are formed
  • How do atoms become positive or negative ions?
  • What determines if atoms will combine?
  • # of bonds needed for C, H, O & N (the four most common elements of living things) to become stable (HONC 1234)
  • Chemical Formulas, Equations, Reactions
  • Know that in a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactant(s) are broken, atoms are rearranged, and new bonds are formed in the product(s)
  • Molecule vs. compound
  • Coefficients, subscripts, arrow, reactant vs. products
  • Given a chemical formula with a coefficient and subscripts, determine the number of atoms or molecules
  • Understanding chemical equations, what all the symbols and numbers mean and which substances are the reactants and products. Example: photosynthesis and cellular respiration
  • Determine if an equation is balanced: Law of Conservation of Matter
  • Identify the number of atoms of each element found in a formula
  • Be able to draw and/or interpret a structural formula for a molecule

Basic Biochemistry

  • Four most common elements in living things (CHON)
  • Phosphorus and sulfur are also found in some important biological molecules (CHONPS)
  • Importance of water in dehydration synthesis & hydrolysis
  • Organic vs. Inorganic – be able to identify examples
  • Be able to recognize structures/formulas of monomers, dimers and polymers of carbs, proteins and nucleic acids
  • Which elements are found in each category of organic compounds?
  • Identify examples of food sources for each category of organic compounds
  • Be able to interpret ‘Nutrition Facts’ labels (from prepared foods)

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  • Hydrolysis vs. (dehydration) synthesis:
  • Definition--Reactants and products of each process for carbohydrates, lipids and proteins and nucleic acids.
  • Which one builds polymers from monomers and which one breaks down polymers into monomers
  • Which one has water as a reactant; which one has water as a product
  • Carbohydrates:
  • simple sugars or monosaccharides vs. disaccharides vs. polysaccharides
  • glucose units are used to form starch, glycogen and cellulose polysaccharides
  • function as energy molecules: glucose, glycogen, and starch
  • function as structural molecules: cellulose
  • importance as short-term energy storage
  • Why do plants make glucose? (What can they use it for?)
  • What is “carbo-loading” AND why do athletes do this?
  • Lipids:
  • Distinguish between structural formulas of unsaturated/saturated triglycerides
  • Saturated vs. unsaturated: which are ‘heart healthier”? Fats (animals) vs. oils (plants)
  • Different functions of lipids:
  • function as long-term energy storage molecules
  • function as structural molecules-in cell membranes (phospholipids and cholesterol)
  • Nucleic acids:
  • nucleotides, subunits of nucleotides
  • Store genetic information
  • Central dogma of molecular biology: DNARNAproteinstraits
  • function as energy molecules-ATP (composed of only one nucleotide)
  • Proteins:
  • amino acid structure, dipeptides, peptide bonds, peptides vs. proteins
  • “Form leads to function”
  • describe the general differences between various proteins and amino acids
  • a very wide variety of proteins exist (for both structure & function in cells)
  • examples of proteins (ie, enzymes)

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Type of Organic Compound / Building blocks / General Functions / Examples / Elements / Good Food Sources
Carbohydrates / Basic monomer:
______
/ Monomers:
Polymers:
Lipids /
Typical structure of fats/oils:
______

Proteins / Basic monomer:
______
/ Monomers:
Polymers:
Nucleic Acids /
Basic monomer / Monomers:
Polymers:

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