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Mr. Tedder’s ChemistryText – Unit 2 – page
Step-by-step instructions to writing orbital notations (refer to figure 7 and figure 8 to see the sublevel regions s, p, d, and f in these orbital notations):
H:
1s / Write the number 1 below the line (as illustrated) to show that hydrogen’s only electron is in the 1st primary energy level. Write the letter s below the line (as illustrated) to show that hydrogen’s only electron is also in an s sublevel (note hydrogen’s location in figure 8). Draw a square above the 1 and the s to illustrate the single orbital in the s sublevel. Draw an upward pointing arrow to represent the 1st electron in that orbital. /
C:
1s 2s 2p
Start with the 1st element, hydrogen. Write its symbol, followed by a colon (:). /
N:
1s 2s 2p
Now that the 2 p orbitals have one electron in each, you can go back and pair them up as needed. See oxygen below.
He:
1s / Helium’s orbital notation is almost the same as hydrogen’s except that it has a 2nd electron in the 1s orbital. The 2nd electron in that orbital must be represented by a downward pointing arrow. /
O:
1s 2s 2p
Li:
1s 2s / When we get to lithium, we enter a new row on the periodic table (see figure 8) and therefore we are putting electrons in a new primary energy level; level 2. We always put electrons into an s sublevel and an s orbital first … any time we enter a new primary energy level. /
F:
1s 2s 2p
Be:
1s 2s /
Ne:
1s 2s 2p
B:
1s 2s 2p / With boron we enter the p sublevel region. We need squares for the three p orbitals that are in the 2nd primary energy level. Sublevels with more than 1 orbital can only have one electron/arrow in each orbital/square until each orbital/square has one, and we can pair them.
Na:
1s 2s 2p 3s / When we get to sodium, we enter a new row on the periodic table and therefore we are putting electrons in a new primary energy level; level 3. Recall that we always put electrons into an s sublevel and an s orbital first.
Mg:
1s 2s 2p 3s / The rule for writing the 2nd electron arrow in an orbital is an application of Hund’s rule, but a more whimsical name for the rule is the school bus rule.
Al:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p / Once again, we need squares for the three p orbitals. Only we are now in the 3rd primary energy level.
Si:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p / Even though some of orbital squares are empty, you must never-the-less draw the squares. This is because—once you put an electron into a new sublevel—the orbitals are there even if they are empty.
P:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
S
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
Cl:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
Ar:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p
K:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
Ca:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s
When you write orbital notation for electrons in the d sublevel region (see figure 8), you must drop to one lower primary energy level. Notice below how the highest primary electron energy level in scandium (Sc) is 4, but the d sublevel in scandium is in 3d.
Sc:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
Ti:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
V:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
When you get to chromium (Cr), an exception to the school bus rule occurs. The d sublevel is much more stable when it has an electron in each orbital. To create this extra stability, an electron from 4s drops down into the last orbital/square, leaving 4s with only 1 electron/arrow. The exception to the school bus rule also occurs when we get to molybdenum (Mo).
Cr:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
When we get to manganese (Mn), we refill the 4s orbital with an electron arrow before proceeding to pair up electrons in the 3d sublevel. This same pattern will repeat in the 5s and 4d sublevels.
Mn:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
Fe:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
Co:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
Ni:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
When you get to chromium (Cu), a very similar exception to the school bus rule occurs as happened with manganese. The d sublevel is even more stable when it has two electrons in each orbital. To create this extra stability, an electron from 4s drops down into the last orbital/square, leaving 4s with only 1 electron/arrow. The same exception to the school bus rule occurs when we get to both silver (Ag) and gold (Au).
Cu:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
Zn:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d
When you reach the p sublevel region after filling a d sublevel region, you go back to the primary energy level that you were in when you started this row of the periodic table. So, after filling the 3d sublevel as in zinc (Zn) above, the next electron in the electron cloud of gallium (Ga) goes into the 4d sublevel. This pattern will continue through the test of the orbital notations for the remainder of the elements in the periodic table.
Ga:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Ge:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Ar:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Se:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Br:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Kr:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p
Rb:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s
Sr:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s
Y:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
Zr:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
Nb:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
Mo:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
Tc:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
Ru:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
Rh:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
Pd:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
Ag:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
Cd:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
In:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5d
Sn:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5d
Sb:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5d
Te:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5d
I:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5d
Xe:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5d
Cs:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5d 6s
Ba:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5d 6s
La:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d
Go back to figure 8 and take notice that cerium (Ce) follows lanthanum (La) on the periodic table but cerium in the f sublevel region. When you get to cerium, you leave the one electron arrow in the 5d sublevel and start filling the f sublevel.
Ce:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Pr:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Nd:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Pm:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Sm:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Eu:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Please note that the there are no exceptions to the school bus rule in the f sublevel! Unlike the d sublevels, having one electron in each of the orbitals of the f sublevel does not provide enough additional stability for an electron to be pulled from an upper energy level.
Gd:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Tb:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Dy:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Ho:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Er:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Tm:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Yb:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Lu:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Hf:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Ta:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Please note that tungsten (W) does not follow exceptions to the school bus rule that chromium and molybdenum followed. See the orbital notations for chromium and molybdenum and figure 8. Tungsten’s 5d sublevel does not offer enough additional stability for an electron to be pulled from an upper energy level. The same thing happens for seaborgium (Sg), which is immediately below tungsten on the periodic table.
W:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Re:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Os:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Ir:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Pt:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Au:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Hg:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f
Tl:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p
Pb:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p
Bi:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p
Po:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p
At:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p
Rn:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p
Fr:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
Ra:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
Ac:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d
Th:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Pa:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
U:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Np:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Pu:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Am:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Cm:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Bk:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Cf:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Es:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Fm:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Md:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
No:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Lr:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Rf:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Db:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Sg:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Bh:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Hs:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Mt:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Ds:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Rg:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Uub:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 5d 4f 6p 7s
6d 5f
Electron configurations for the elements The full electron configuration looks like this:
Mg: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2, while the noble gas electron configuration looks like this: Mg: [Ne] 3s2. All that you do is to replace the section of the configuration that corresponds to the next lowest noble gas.
H: 1s1 / He: 1s2 / Li: 1s2 2s1Li: [He] 2s1 / Be: 1s2 2s2
Be: [He] 2s2 / B: 1s2 2s2 2p1
B: [He] 2s2 2p1 / C: 1s2 2s2 2p2
C: [He] 2s2 2p2 / N: 1s2 2s2 2p3
N: [He] 2s2 2p3
O: 1s2 2s2 2p4
O: [He] 2s2 2p4 / F: 1s2 2s2 2p5
F: [He] 2s2 2p5 / Ne: 1s2 2s2 2p6
Ne: [He] 2s2 2p6 / Na: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Na: [Ne] 3s1 / Mg: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
Mg: [Ne] 3s2
Al: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1
Al: [Ne] 3s2 3p1 / Si: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2
Si: [Ne] 3s2 3p2 / P: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3
P: [Ne] 3s2 3p3 / S: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4
S: [Ne] 3s2 3p4
Cl: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
Cl: [Ne] 3s2 3p5 / Ar: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
Ar: [Ne] 3s2 3p6 / K: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1
K: [Ar] 4s1
Ca: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2
Ca: [Ar] 4s2 / Sc: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1
Sc: [Ar] 4s2 3d1 / Ti: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2
Ti: [Ar] 4s2 3d2
The same exceptions in the orbital filling order still apply for chromium, copper, molybdenum, silver, and gold. Notice that these elements have just 1 electron in their highest s sublevel.
V: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3
V: [Ar] 4s2 3d3 / Cr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5
Cr: [Ar] 4s1 3d5 / Mn: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5
Mn: [Ar] 4s2 3d5
Fe: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6
Fe: [Ar] 4s2 3d6 / Co: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7
Co: [Ar] 4s2 3d7 / Ni: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8
Ni: [Ar] 4s2 3d8
Cu: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10
Cu: [Ar] 4s1 3d10 / Zn: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10
Zn: [Ar] 4s2 3d10
Ga: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1
Ga: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p1 / Ge: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2
Ge: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p2
As: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3
As: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p3 / Se: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4
Se: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p4
Br: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5
Br: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p5 / Kr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
Kr: [Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p6
Rb: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1
Rb: [Kr] 5s1 / Sr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2
Sr: [Kr] 5s2
Y: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1
Y: [Kr] 5s2 4d1 / Zr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2
Zr: [Kr] 5s2 4d2
Nb: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d3
Nb: [Kr] 5s2 4d3 / Mo: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d5
Mo: [Kr] 5s1 4d5
Tc: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d5
Tc: [Kr] 5s2 4d5 / Ru: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d6
Ru: [Kr] 5s2 4d6
Rh: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d7
Rh: [Kr] 5s2 4d7 / Pd: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d8
Pd: [Kr] 5s2 4d8
Ag: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10
Ag: [Kr] 5s1 4d10 / Cd: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10
Cd: [Kr] 5s2 4d10
In: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1
In: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p1 / Sn: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2
Sn: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p2
Sb: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p3
Sb: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p3 / Te: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p4
Te: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p4
I: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p5
I: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p5 / Xe: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6
Xe: [Kr] 5s2 4d10 5p6
Ce: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1
Ce: [Xe] 6s1
Ba: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2
Ba: [Xe] 6s2
La: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1
La: [Xe] 6s2 4d1
Notice that—unlike the orbital notation—the f sublevel is listed before the d sublevel in the electron configuration.
Ce: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f1 5d1
Ce: [Xe] 6s2 4f1 5d1
Pr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f2 5d1
Pr: [Xe] 6s2 4f2 5d1
Nd: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f3 5d1
Nd: [Xe] 6s2 4f3 5d1
Pm: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4 5d1
Pm: [Xe] 6s2 4f4 5d1
Sm: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f5 5d1
Sm: [Xe] 6s2 4f5 5d1
Eu: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f6 5d1
Eu: [Xe] 6s2 4f6 5d1
Gd: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f7 5d1
Gd: [Xe] 6s2 4f7 5d1
Tb: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f8 5d1
Tb: [Xe] 6s2 4f8 5d1
Dy: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f9 5d1
Dy: [Xe] 6s2 4f9 5d1
Ho: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f10 5d1
Ho: [Xe] 6s2 4f10 5d1
Er: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f11 5d1
Er: [Xe] 6s2 4f11 5d1
Tm: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f12 5d1
Tm: [Xe] 6s2 4f12 5d1
Yb: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f13 5d1
Tb: [Xe] 6s2 4f13 5d1
Lu: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d1
Lu: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
Hf: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d2
Hf: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d2
Ta: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d3
Ta: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d3
W: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d4
W: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d4
Re: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d5
Re: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d5
Os: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d6
Os: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d6
Ir: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d7
Ir: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d7
Pt: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d8
Pt: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d8
Au: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 4f14 5d10
Au: [Xe] 6s1 4f14 5d10
Hg: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10
Hg: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10
Tl: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1
Tl: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p1
Pb: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2
Pb: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p2
Bi: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3
Bi: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3
Po: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p3
Po: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p4
At: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6
At: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p5
Rn: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6
Rn: [Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6
Fr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s1
Fr: [Rn] 7s1
Ra: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2
Ra: [Rn] 7s2
Ac: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 6d1
Ac: [Rn] 7s2 6d1
Th: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f16d1
Th: [Rn] 7s2 5f16d1
Pa: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f26d1
Pa: [Rn] 7s2 5f26d1
U: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f36d1
U: [Rn] 7s2 5f36d1
Np: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f46d1
Np: [Rn] 7s2 5f46d1
Pu: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f56d1
Pu: [Rn] 7s2 5f56d1
Am: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f66d1
Am: [Rn] 7s2 5f66d1
Cm: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f76d1
Cm: [Rn] 7s2 5f76d1
Bk: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f86d1
Bk: [Rn] 7s2 5f86d1
Cf: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f96d1
Cf: [Rn] 7s2 5f96d1
Es: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f106d1
Es: [Rn] 7s2 5f106d1
Fm: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f116d1
Fm: [Rn] 7s2 5f116d1
Md: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f126d1
Md: [Rn] 7s2 5f126d1
No: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f136d1
No: [Rn] 7s2 5f136d1
Lr: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f146d1
Lr: [Rn] 7s2 5f146d1
Rf: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f146d2
Rf: [Rn] 7s2 5f146d2
Db: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f146d3
Db: [Rn] 7s2 5f146d3
Sg: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f146d4
Sg: [Rn] 7s2 5f146d4
Bh: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f146d5
Bh: [Rn] 7s2 5f146d5
Hs: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f146d6
Hs: [Rn] 7s2 5f146d6
Mt: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f146d7
Mt: [Rn] 7s2 5f146d7
Ds: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f146d8
Ds: [Rn] 7s2 5f146d8
Rg: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f146d9
Rg: [Rn] 7s2 5f146d9