Mr. Mccormackus History Iibig Idea Worksheet- Study Guide

Mr. McCormackUS History IIBig Idea Worksheet- Study Guide

Chapter Seventeen – WWII: The Road to War (1931-1941)

Section One: The Rise of Dictators (p 568-574)

A ______government exerts total control over a nation. It dominates every aspect of ______, using ______to suppress ______and silence all forms of ______. (p 568)

Germany’s ______and Italy’s ______governed by a philosophy called ______. It emphasizes the importance of the ______or an ______and the supreme authority of the ______. (p 568)

In the Soviet Union, ______based his government on a vicious form of ______. (p 568)

These governments had many similarities (for example, neither respects individual ______and ______), but they have historically been ______. (p 568)

When ______led the Soviet Union, ______threatened his control of government. He eased up on the drive to convert all property to ______in his NEP (short for ______). (p 569)

Stalin took over after Lenin’s death in 1924 and decided to take a ______to communism. He launched a series of ______to modernize ______and build ______. (p 569)

Stalin forced Soviet farmers to combine their small farms into huge ______farms. Consequently, ______of people died from starvation, and millions more fled to the ______. (p 569)

He also sent approximately ______peasants to labor camps in ______and northern Russia. (p 569)

In addition to the human cost, Stalin’s campaign caused agricultural production to ______. Shortages forced Stalin to introduce ______. (p 569)

Stalin pursued rapid ______with more success. But because Stalin poured money and labor into industries instead of ______, ______, and ______, the Soviet people endured severe shortages. (p 569)

Stalin completed his political domination through a series of ______. By 1939, his agents had arrested more than ______people. ______were executed, and millions more ended up in ______. Nearly all were innocent victims of Stalin’s ______. (p 570)

Mussolini began to attract followers, including ______and opponents of the ______, ______, and ______, and established his Fascist Party in 1919. (p 570)

Calling himself ______(Italian for ______), Mussolini organized gangs of thugs, called ______, to terrorize those who opposed him. When he threatened to march on Rome in 1922, the king panicked and appointed him ______. (p 570)

______and ______had plagued Italy since WWI. Italy’s ______improved under Mussolini’s leadership, and other nations applauded him as a ______. (p 570)

In 1935, Mussolini invaded the independent African kingdom of ______. The Italian Army, using ______and ______, quickly overpowered the defenders. (p 570)

Hitler was enraged by the Versailles Treaty, which stripped Germany of ______, imposed a ______, and forced Germany to accept the ______. (p 570)

In 1919, Hitler joined a small group that became the ______, or ______Party. (p 571)

______was fascism shaped by Hitler’s ideas about German ______and racial ______. (p 571)

His powerful ______made him a leader of his party. (p 571)

In 1923, Hitler tried to ______the government but failed. He was sentenced to ______in prison. (p 571)

While in prison, he wrote an autobiography, ______. In it, he outlined his philosophy and views, including bitter criticism for the nation’s ______population, which he blamed for Germany’s ______. (p 571)

He also proposed strengthening Germany’s ______and expanding its borders to include ______in other countries. He called for purifying the ______race by removing undesirables. (p 571)

When the ______hit Germany in the early 1930s, Hitler promised to stabilize the country, rebuild the ______, and restore the lost ______. (p 571)

In the ______elections, the Nazi Party became the largest group in the ______. Hitler also placed second to ______, a WWI general, in the presidential election. Hitler became ______. (p 571)

Hitler soon suspended ______and ______. Thousands of thugs, called ______or ______, waged a violent campaign to silence the opposition. (p 571)

In 1933, the ______burned down. Hitler blamed the ______and convinced parliament to pass a bill giving him ______powers. (p 572)

In 1934, Hitler became both ______and ______. He gave himself the title ______. (p 572)

Hitler undertook many programs to fight unemployment and rebuild the German military, such as: (p 572)

1. ______

2. ______

3. ______

Hitler’s main goal became the conquest of ______and ______to get more territory, which he called ______(or “______”). (p 572)

On March 7, 1936, German troops entered the ______, in violation of the Versailles Treaty. (p 572)

Also in 1936, Hitler signed an ______with ______. These countries, later joined by ______, became known as the ______Powers. (p 573)

In March of 1938, Hitler sent troops into ______to accomplish the ______, its political union with Germany. (p 573)

Months later, Hitler demanded the ______, an industrial region of ______with a ______population and many crucial ______. (p 573)

______, the British Prime Minister, and ______, the French President, acceded to those demands in September 1938. This practice of surrendering to keep the peace is known as ______. (p 573)

Meanwhile, a civil war was raging in ______. A group backed by ______won an election in 1936, but the ______began a rebellion. (p 573)

______led the rebels, who became known as the ______, against the government’s supporters, known as the ______. (p 573)

Germany and Italy provided ______, ______, and ______to help the Nationalists. In 1937, German troops bombed the town of ______in a preview of the fighting to come. This attack was memorialized in a famous painting by ______. (p 574)

The ______sent arms and supplies to fight against the Nationalists, and another ______foreigners from about ______countries also volunteered to fight. (p 574)

In March 1939, the ______captured the Spanish capital of Madrid and ruled until 1975. (p 574)

Mr. McCormackBig Idea Worksheet

US History IIStudy Guide

CentralDauphinHigh School

Chapter Seventeen – WWII: The Road to War (1931-1941)

Section Two: Europe Goes to War (p 575-579)

______return from the ______in 1938 did not cheer everyone. ______, a member of the British Parliament, believed it was a fatal mistake. (p 575)

In March of 1939, Hitler occupied the rest of ______and divided it among his allies. (p 575)

The following month, ______invaded and occupied ______. (p 575)

After this, Britain and France abandoned their policy of ______and warned that further expansion would risk war. They formally pledged to support ______if it was invaded. (p 576)

To avoid fighting a two-front war, Hitler needed to secure peace with ______. In August of 1939, they signed a ten-year ______Pact (the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact), which secretly split ______between the two countries. (p 576)

One week later, on ______, Hitler invaded ______. Two days later, ______and ______declared war on Germany. (p 576)

What advantages did Germany’s opponents have at the outset of the war? (p 576) ______

______

What advantages did Germany have at the outset of the war? (p 576) ______

______

With the ______tactic, Germany overran Poland in ______. In mid-September, ______joined in the German attack. ______and ______watched helplessly. (p 576)

After Poland fell, the war entered a quiet period dubbed the ______. (p 576)

The key to French defenses was the ______Line, a string of fortifications. It featured ______, ______(even ______!), underground ______, thick ______, and ______. (p 576-577)

The Line had two major problems, however: (p 577) ______

______

On April 9, 1940, Hitler began a successful attack on ______and ______. On May 10, Germany attacked ______, ______, and ______. (p 577)

Germany raced around the Line, successfully dividing their enemies into two pockets. In the north, the French and British retreated to the city of ______. There, over a nine-day period, one of the greatest ______in history took place. About ______vessels (consisting mainly of ______, ______, and ______) braved attacks by the ______to evacuate ______troops to Britain. All heavy weapons and equipment, however, was left behind. (p 577-578)

On June 10, the ______abandoned ______. ______declared war on ______the same day. On June 22, France officially ______. (p 578)

By terms of the surrender, Germany occupied ______. The French government was left to supervise a zone known as ______, and under the leadership of ______began a policy of ______. (p 578)

______, based in London, continued the struggle from bases in ______and ______. Led by ______, it also backed the ______inside France. (p 578)

______now stood alone against Hitler. It’s large and well-equipped ______blocked any German invasion. To overcome this obstacle, Hitler ordered the ______to destroy Britain’s ______. (p 578)

In August 1940, Hitler launched the ______the world had ever seen. This attack, called the Battle of ______, continued into ______with as many as ______dropping bombs each day. (p 578)

At first, Germany targeted only ______, ______, and ______. Later they attacked ______and ______. Each side bombed the other’s ______, initiating a deadlier type of air war. (p 579)

Hitler then ordered massive bombing on ______and other ______to break the ______. This attack, called the ______, continued until ______. (p 579)

Britain’s ______, though greatly outnumbered, defended the homeland. Though hundreds of pilots died, the German losses were ______. (p 579)

By the end of 1941, some ______Londoners had been killed and more than ______injured.

Britain had another advantage, though, when she ______. This enabled them to get a general idea of Hitler’s ______. (p 579)

Please draw a timeline showing the major developments from March of 1939 to August of 1940:

Mr. McCormackUS History IIBig Idea Worksheet - Study Guide

Chapter Seventeen – WWII: The Road to War (1931-1941) Section Three: Japan Builds an Empire (p 581-584)

Japan emerged from ______in the ______when the ______sent forces under the command of ______into Tokyo Bay. That event pushed Japan to strengthen its ______and modernize its ______in order to defend itself. (p 581)

Japan also developed a ______, though the ______remained a ______and ______. (p 581)

By engaging in wars against ______and ______, Japan expanded its sphere of influence to control ______and the Chinese province of ______. (p 581)

During WWI, Japan joined the ______. Although it played only a small role, it conquered several ______and won access to ______abandoned by Europeans. Its economy ______. (p 581)

After the war, Japan enacted reforms that resulted in a ______system, allowed more people to ______, and slowed its ______. It helped found the ______and signed the 1928 ______in a pledge to solve all disagreements ______. (p 581)

Japan’s industries depended on selling their goods to ______, but many of its partners put ______on Japanese goods during the Depression. The resulting decline led to massive ______, ______, and widespread ______discontent. Many blamed the new system of ______. (p 582)

Several radical ______groups formed to demand a return to ______and an end to ______-style institutions. By assassinations and other acts of ______, they hoped to force the ______to take over the government. Some members of the ______supported the radicals. (p 582)

Meanwhile, Japan’s ______exploded. It lacked the ______to feed its people and the ______to power its economy. Many Japanese saw the acquisition of ______as a solution to these problems. (p 582)

In September 1931, a Japanese army captured several cities in the area, and by ______controlled the whole territory. This swift conquest came to be called the ______. (p 582)

Japan then declared the territory independent, named it ______, and installed ______, the last ______from a Manchurian family, as the new head of state. Japan dispatched ______colonists. The ______ordered Japan to end its occupation, but Japan refused and ______instead. (p 582)

In ______, Japan resumed its invasion of China. Within a month, Japanese forces occupied the major cities of ______and ______. The Chinese Nationalist army, led by General ______, resisted the invasion, but Japan’s ______overcame China’s ______advantage. (p 583)

During the ______of Nanjing, Japanese soldiers brutalized or killed at least ______civilians. Though the United States and other nations ______Japan’s actions, Congress passed a series of ______to prevent the US from becoming involved in foreign conflicts. (p 583)

The Soviet Union sent ______, ______, and ______for China. ______sent a steady stream of supplies to China over the ______. (p 584)

In China, the war brought longtime ______together. ______and Communist leader ______put aside their differences to fight the Japanese. By 1939, the war in China reached a ______. (p 584)

The start of the war in Europe distracted European powers from the defense of the ______in East Asia. In 1940, Japan declared its intention to ______Asia from Europe and form the Greater East Asia ______Sphere. (p 584)

In September 1940, Japan allied itself with ______and ______. It also moved troops into ______and set its sights on the ______. In April 1941, Japan signed a ______with the ______. (p 584)

Mr. McCormackBig Idea Worksheet

US History IIStudy Guide

Central Dauphin High School

Chapter Seventeen – WWII: The Road to War (1931-1941)

Section Four: From Isolationism to War (p 585-589)

During the 1930s, the United States turned away from ______to focus on ______. Haunted by the horrors of ______, Americans clung to its policy of ______. (p 585)

Please describe the effect had by each Neutrality Act. (p 586)

FDR argued that the acts encouraged ______by preventing the US from selling arms even to nations trying to ______. (p 586)

When the war broke out, many believed the US shared ______interests, and FDR began to look for ways to send more ______. Congress repealed the ______and even allowed American ______to transport purchases to Britain. (p 587)

On September 3, 1940, the US traded ______to Britain in return for permission to ______on British territory in the ______. This trade prompted the formation of the ______to block further aid. (p 587)

During the presidential campaign of 1940, both FDR and Republican ______supported giving aid to the Allies, though FDR promised not to send ______into foreign wars. (p 587)

After the election, FDR introduced a plan to provide ______to Britain without ______. Congress passed the ______, in March 1941, authorizing the president to aid any nation he believed was vital to American security. By war’s end, the US loaned or gave ______to about ______nations. (p 588)

Though focused primarily on ______, FDR took steps to restrain Japan. He ended the sales of ______and ______, froze ______, and cut off all ______shipments. (p 588)

______became prime minister of Japan in October 1941. (p 588)

The Japanese secretly sent a fleet to attack ______, home of the US ______Fleet. They hoped that they could cripple the Americans and achieve their goals in ______before the US could recover. (p 588)

The attack came on ______. Though an Army ______operator saw something suspicious on his machine, the attack was a complete surprise. In less than 2 hours, some ______Americans were killed and another ______wounded. Nearly ______planes were damaged or destroyed and ______warships sunk or heavily damaged. Japan lost just ______planes.

Calling the attack a “date which will live in ______,” FDR asked Congress to ______. Within hours, a resolution passed with only ______of Montana voting against it. Even the ______urged support for it. (p 589)

On ______, ______and ______declared war on ______. Americans had been drawn into another world war. (p 589)