Molecules of Life/Organic Compounds Summary Chart

Molecules of Life/Organic Compounds Summary Chart

Compound / Monomer / Polymer / Elements Present / Functional Group(s) / Main Function(s)
Carbohydrate / Monosaccharides
(glucose, fructose, and galactose) / Disaccharide (sucrose, maltose, lactose),
Polysaccharide
(starch, glycogen, cellulose) / C, H, O / -OH
(hydroxyl)
-C=O
(carbonyl) / -Source of energy
Protein / Amino acids / Folded
Polypeptide
chain
(Protein) / C, H, O, N / -COOH
(carboxyl)
-NH2
(amine group) / -Build muscles
-Controls rate of reaction (b/c enzymes are made of protein)
Lipid / Common ingredient=
Fatty acids + glycerol / Types of lipids=
1-triglyceride (3 FA +1 glycerol)
2-phospholipid (2 FA + 1 glycerol + 1 phosphate group)
3-steroid / C, H, O / -COOH
(carboxyl)
NOTE: The carboxyl group is a part of the FA—it is a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group attached) / -Store energy
-Component of biological (cell) membranes
--Starting material for hormones
Nucleic Acid / Nucleotides /

Nucleic acid

(DNA, RNA) / C, H, O, N, P / None
we discussed / -Store genetic info
-Transmit (pass along) genetic info from parent to offspring