Model Paper Software Engineering

Model Paper Software engineering

Q1:-Give short answer

1. What is software component

A1:-Software is a combination of set of programs,manuals and user documentation.

Iterative enhancement model vs Evolutionary process model

A2:-Iterative Enhancement model:-

Useable product is released at the end of the each cycle, with each release providing additional functionality.

_ Customers and developers specify as many requirements as

possible and prepare a SRS document.

_ Developers and customers then prioritize these requirements

_ Developers implement the specified requirements in one or

more cycles of design, implementation and test based on the

defined priorities.

Evolutionary Process Model:-

Evolutionary process model resembles iterative enhancement

model. The same phases as defined for the waterfall model occur

here in a cyclical fashion. This model differs from iterative

enhancement model in the sense that this does not require a

useable product at the end of each cycle. In evolutionary

development, requirements are implemented by category rather than by priority.

What are the different activities in requirement analysis.

A3:- Draw Context diagram->Develop prototype->model the requirement->finalize the requirements.

What are the different dependencies present in use case diagram

A dependency is a type of relationship that signifies that one element, or group of elements, acting as the client depends on another element or group of elements that act as a supplier. It is a weak relationship that denotes that if the supplier is changed the client may be affected. It is a unidirectional relationship.

There are two types of dependencies in use case diagram.Include dependency & Exclude dependency.

What are the different techniques for size estimation?which one is better & why?

There are different techniques for size estimation

1) Lines of code

2) Function Count

Function count is better than Lines of code because it does not depends on the code of the program.

Different activities of risk management?

Risk Assesment->Risk identification->Risk Analysis->Risk prioritization

Risk Control->Risk management planning->Risk monitoring->Risk resolution

What are the different cmm level?what does cmm specifies?

CMM->Capability Maturity Model

Intial->Repeatable->Defined->Managed->Optimized

Does fault leads to failure?justify your answer?

Fault is a kind of mistake,Error.More than one fault will lead to failures.

Name two software engineering tools that are used these days?

Rational Rose,CASE Tools

UNIT I

Q1: Draw neat sketch of spiral model & explain why it is better than other models?why it is not suitable for small projects?

Due to risk analysis it is better than any other model.due to the high cost it is not suitable for small projects

Q2:-

(a) What is requirement elicitation technique?why requirements hard to elicitate?explain use case diagram for banking system?` (6)

Requirement gathering is the process of requirement elicitation. Requirements elicitation is one of the most important stages of systems analysis, as it is at this point that clients and analysts work together to determine the requirements of a new system to be developed. If the system does not meet a clients expectations, then the project is essentially a failure. Requirements Elicitation is one of the most difficult stages of analysis, with numerous communication barriers existing between the analyst and client that make eliciting requirements difficult.

(b) How are DFD and ER diagram useful in requirement analysis? (2.5)

DFD:-Data Flow Diagram is used for requirement analysis.There are three levels of DFD.Level 0 ,level 1Level 2.DFD shows how data will be flowed within the system.

ERD:-Entity relationship Diagram is used to show the relationship between entities of the software.ERD models entities ,attributes and relationships.Both techniques are used to Model the requirements.

Project manager,Project leader,client & developer are the users of SRS.

SRS should have the following quality objective:-

(a) Correct

(b) Unambiguous

(d) Ranked for importance

(e) Traceable

(f) Consistent

(g) Complete

(h) verifiable

UNIT II

Q1:-

(a) What are the advantages and disadvantages of intermediate version of cocomo over basic version of cocomo? (4)

In the basic model we have to calculate effort and development time on the basis of the lines of code which is KLOC.In the intermediate version of COCOMO apart from the KLOC ,effort multipliers have also taken which affect the overall effort.

DIsadvantage of Intermediate version of Cocomo model is that it is very difficult to calculate the Effort adjustment factor.

(b) Draw the flow diagram of calculate efforts and duration of project using advanced version of COCOMO? (4)

Using Putnam resource allocation model we have to calculate manpower build up,Peak manning,difficulty metric etc.

Q2:-

(a) What do you understand by coupling and cohesion?What roles they play in software design?Describe the properties of best coupling and cohesion?

Software can be composed into modules.This is called concept of modularity.

Coupling:-It is the interdependency between the modules of the software.

Cohesion:-It is the interdependency between the functions within the module.

In software design they plays major role.Design show how to implement the software.Coupling should be low and cohesion should be high.

Data coupling is best and Functional cohesion is best

(b) What are the components of structure chart?

UNIT III

Q1:-

(a) What do you understand by Token Count? Consider aprogram having

Number of distinct operator-12

Number of operands: 5

Total occurances of operator:-20

Total occurances of operands:-15

Calculate different software metrics for above program.

(b) What are information flow metrics? How they are calculated?what is the purpose of Data structrure metrics?\

Information flow metrics is the measure of the coupling & cohesion between the different modules of the software components.

Coupling:-It is the interdependency between the modules of the softwares

Cohesion:-It is the interdependency between the functions of the modules.

Data structure metrics is used to calculate the amount of data used within the module.VARS ,live variables,Life span of the variable,program weakness etc will be calculated using data structure metrics.

(a) Explaing mc calls models of quality?how it is different from bohem model?

Mc call software quality :-

There are three phases in Mc call software quality model.Product transition,Product revision and product operation.

Bohem software quality model:-

(b) For a logarithmic poisson execution model intial failure intensity is 15 failures CPU hour,failure intensity decay parameter is 0.025/failure and failures experienced are 65? Compute the current failure intensity?

UNIT IV

Q1:-

(a) Consider a program having input two integers value in range (0,100) and classifies them in even and odd number? For the program generate

(i) Test cases using boundary value analysis?

(ii) Equivalence class testing

(b) Explain the steps to perform path testing using flow graph with the help of example?

Then DD path graph will be created .to calculate the independent paths we have to calculate the cyclomatic complexity.

Q2:-

(a) What are the different levels of testing and their purposes?

(b) Explain any two models of software maintenance?

Taute Maintenance Model:-

Bohem’s Model:-