Mini QProtestant Reformation WHAP/Napp
Rules for the DBQ on the College Board World History Advanced Placement Examination:
- Students will be allotted ten minutes for the mandatory reading of documents.
- During the reading period, students may take notes but not start writing the essay.
Strategies for the Document-Based Question:
- After the reading period, a student should write the essay in 40 minutes.
- Students should write the DBQ essay first (there are three essays).
- Students must incorporate all, or all but one, of the documents in the essay.
- Students must also comment on at least one OTHER type of document, NOT included, that might shed light on the question.
- Students must analyze point of view in documents.
Additional Strategies:
- Students cite documents by identifying the author and/or title of the document.
- For full credit, a student should analyze point of view for all or most of the documents.
- One of the skills a student MUST demonstrate is an ability to group documents into useful and meaningful categories.
- The thesis will clearly state the three groups the student has created.
~ Adapted from Barron’s World History AP
Questions:
1-How long is the mandatory reading period? ______
2-What may students do during the mandatory reading period? ______
3-What are students not allowed to do during the mandatory reading period? ______
4-After the reading period, students will have 120 minutes to write three essays, which essay should the student write first and why? ______
5-How many documents must the student incorporate into the DBQ essay? ______
6-What is the “missing document” or “other document”? ______
7-How do students cite documents? ______
8-What is point of view analysis? ______
9-For how many documents should a student analyze point of view? ______
10-How many groups should a student create? ______
A Pre-Reading Passage
“Catholicism had won the hearts, spirits, and tithes of the overwhelming majority of the population of western and central Europe. By 1500 the Church had become so wealthy and powerful that several reformers charged the Church with straying from Jesus’ early simplicity and his message of compassion for the poor.
Martin Luther (1483-1546), a pious German monk who lived in a monastery in Wittenberg and taught in the university there, shared these criticisms of the Church’s wealth and further asserted that it claimed too much power over individual conscience. Luther doubted the importance of sacraments and authority. He kept his doubts private, however, until in 1517 a friar came to Wittenberg selling indulgences, which offered exemption from punishment for sins in exchange for donations to the Church. Outraged, Luther posted on the door of the castle church ninety-five theses, or statements of his belief, asserting the importance of faith and grace alone. Priests, he wrote, were not needed to mediate between humans and God. Pressed to recant, Luther refused, declaring ‘it is neither right nor safe to act against conscience.’
In Geneva, Switzerland, John Calvin (1509-64) preached another doctrine of reform. Like Luther, Calvin spoke of justification by faith and the supremacy of individual conscience. He denied the authority of the Church. Calvin went beyond Luther in arguing that God grants His grace to whomever He chooses, regardless of individual behavior. Unlike Luther, Calvin rejected alliances with the government of the city of Geneva.
A third major strand of reform arose in England, where King Henry VIII (r. 1509-47) broke from the Church not for reasons of doctrine, but to claim authority for England over the entire Catholic establishment within the country – churches, monasteries, and clergy – and to gain for himself a divorce, which the Church had forbidden, from the first of his six wives. Henry had no doctrinal quarrel with Rome. He simply wanted to head the English Church himself. Henry’s new church was called Anglican.” ~ The World’s History
1. Which of the following was not one of Luther's fundamental theological teachings? (A) Justification by faith, not works(B) Predestination
(C) Scripture as sole authority
(D) Priesthood of all believers
2. At the Diet of Worms, Luther
(A) Refused to recant his beliefs unless shown their error in scripture.
(B) Ran the emperor through with his saber.
(C) Agreed to submit his theological teachings to a general council of the church.
(D) Was absolved of all charges by the emperor.
(E) Resigned his professorship. / 3. In what theological teaching did Calvin differ from Luther?
(A) The Bible as sole authority
(B) Predestination
(C) Justification by faith
(D) Priesthood of all believers
4. During the reign of what English king did the English reformation begin?
(A) William III
(B) Edward VI
(C) Henry the Navigator
(D) Henry VIII
(E) Mary
Protestant Reformation Mini-Q:
The following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1-6.
Although the Martin Luther’s beliefs and actionsare often viewed through the lens of a religious movement, his beliefs and actions affected political and social spheres too. How did Luther impact religious, political, and social spheres of European society?
Document 1
Source: An Abomination of Peace (1525), Martin Luther criticizing German lords
We have no one on earth to thank for this mischievous rebellion, except you lords and princes, especially you blind bishops and mad priests and monks....In your government you do nothing but flay and rob your subjects in order that you may lead a life of splendor and pride, until the poor common folk can bear it no longer.
Document 2
Source: 95 Theses (1517), Martin Luther
27. It is mere human talk to preach that the soul flies out [of purgatory] immediately the money clinks in the collection-box.
28. It is certain that when the penny jingles into the money box, gain and avarice can be increased, but the result of the intercession of the church is in the power of God alone.
Document 3
Source: Concerning Christian Liberty (1520), Martin Luther concerning marriage
As Christ by His birthright has obtained these two dignities, so He imparts and communicates them to every believer in Him, under that law of matrimony of which we have spoken above, by which all that is the husband's is also the wife's.
Document 4
Source: Martin Luther’s reply when summoned to appear before the Emperor at the Diet of Worms to answer for writing his 95 Theses
I cannot submit my faith either to the Pope or to the Councils, because it is clear as day they have frequently erred and contradicted each other. Unless therefore, I am convinced by the testimony of Scripture...I cannot and will not retract...Here I stand, I can do no other. So help my God, Amen.
Continue to Next Page
Document 5
Source: Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants (1525), Martin Luther
...they are starting a rebellion, and violently robbing and plundering monasteries and castles which are not theirs, by which they have a second time deserved death in body and soul, if only as highwaymen and murderers.... For rebellion is not simple murder, but is like a great fire, which attacks and lays waste a whole land.... Therefore, let every-one who can, smite, slay and stain, secretly or openly, remembering that nothing can be more pod’ venous, hurtful or devilish than a rebel....First, I will not oppose a ruler who, even though he does not tolerate the Gospel, will smite and punish these peasants without offering to submit the case to judgment. For he is within his rights, since the peasants are not contending any longer for the Gospel, but have become faithless, perjured, disobedient, rebellious murderers, robbers and blasphemers, whom even heathen rulers have the right and power to punish....
Document 6
Source: On The Jews and Their Lies (1543), Martin Luther’s anti-Semitic pamphlet
…In truth, the Jews, being foreigners, should possess nothing, and what they do possess should be ours. For they do not work, and we do not give them presents. Nonetheless, they keep our money and our goods and have become our masters in our own country and in their Dispersion. When a thief steals ten guldens, he is hanged; but when a Jew steals ten barrels of gold through his usury, he is prouder than the Lord himself! He boasts of it and strengthens his faith and his hatred of us, and thinks: ‘See how the Lord does not abandon His people in the Dispersion. We do not work, we are idle, and we pass the time pleasantly; the cursed goyim must work for us, and we have their money: thus we are their lords and they our servants!’ To this day we still do not know what devil brought them into our country; surely we did not go to seek them out in Jerusalem! No one wants them. The countryside and the roads are open to them; they may return to their country when they wish; we shall gladly give them presents to get rid of them...
END OF PART A
Group the Documents Three Ways:
Write a valid thesis statement and a body paragraph on a separate piece of paper.
1. Martin Luther’s criticism of the Roman Catholic Church was greatly aided by(A) The printing press.
(B) The enthusiastic support of clergy in the Catholic Church.
(C) Local newspapers.
(D) Active guilds and artisans.
(E) All of the above.
2. As a result of Martin Luther’s preaching
(A) German princes recommitted themselves to Catholicism.
(B) The Roman Catholic Church adopted most of his reforms.
(C) A number of German cities began to pass laws requiring that religious services follow Protestant doctrine.
(D) German princes began to engage in good works.
(E) All of the above.
3. What political motivations encouraged the spread of Protestantism?
(A) Protestantism provided people an opportunity to overthrow monarchies.
(B) Protestantism encouraged people to claim their individual rights.
(C) Protestantism encouraged militarism in European nations.
(D) Protestantism provided monarchs and princes an opportunity to enhance their independence.
(E) All of the above.
4. In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church
(A) Launched a military campaign against the German states.
(B) Abandoned its monasteries in Germany.
(C) Abandoned the practice of selling indulgences.
(D) Summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen its spiritual commitment. / 5. What was the principal focus of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)?
(A) to expose witches and heretics
(B) to expand the boundaries of the reformed Catholic Church
(C) to be soldiers for Jesus in the battle against the Protestants
(D) to direct the Court of the Inquisition on behalf of the pope
(E) to raise money for the Church by selling indulgences
6. Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the Reformation?
(A) Buddhist missionaries, because they won many converts fed up with Christian bickering
(B) the peasants, because they were able to leave the estates and move in to the cities
(C) centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent authority
(D) the Catholic Church, because it gained more committed supporters
(E) the Islamic empires, because Europe was divided and weakened
7. Martin Luther argued that salvation could only come through good works.
(A) True
(B) False
8. The English Reformation originated in a conflict between Henry VIII and the pope.
(A) True
(B) False
9. Calvinism took root in Italy, Spain, and Austria.
(A) True
(B) False
10. John Calvin's Geneva enforced strict moral codes.
(A) True
(B) False