Middle Ages Study Guide
Crusades effect on trade-Increased trade and a taste for Asian goods
Role of monasteries- Centers of learning, healthcare, and agriculture
What brought plague to Europe- Fleas on rats through traders
Only type of Christian church in Middle Ages- Roman Catholicism is the dominant Christian church
Architectural style of Cathedrals- Gothic spires with high ceilings and arched windows and doors
Argument between church and state-Who should have the right to rule people and specifically choose bishops for the church
Growth of trade… strength of kings- Trade increased wealth and power of kings through taxes raised
Who were Normans?-Ancestors of William the Conqueror and the Vikings
Results of 1st Crusade- Jerusalem was captured by Crusaders
Persecution in Europe- During Crusades attacks increased at home on Jews, Muslims, and heretics
Excommunication of Henry IV- Pope Gregory punished Henry for trying to remove him from being Pope
Pope Gregory VII- Concordat of Worms declared Pope’s authority over secular and religious leaders
Strength of nobles- Wealthy aristocrats who controlled land and wealth also had their own military to protect their land and castles
Magna Carta- Took away rights of kings and said that kings are not above the law
Parliament- Started as an assembly to help kings raise taxes
Trial by jury- US law was influenced by Magna Carta by giving rights to trial to people
King John/ Magna Carta- Angry nobles over taxes and military failures forced John to “sign” Magna Carta or lose their support
Control of Holy Land at end of Crusades- Muslims control most holy sites and Jerusalem
Heresy- Accusation of believing/ teaching things contrary to the Bible
Results of 4th Crusade- Pope was displeased and angered by behavior and looting of Constantinople
Jews in Spain 1492- Jews who didn’t convert to Christianity were banished
Results of 2nd Crusade- Failure because kings and leaders couldn’t work together. Muslims retook control of Jerusalem
ESSAYS: Choose One
Explain how the church influenced ordinary people’s lives in different ways during the Age of Faith.
How did the changing relationship between King Henry II of England and Thomas Becket demonstrate the conflict between Church and state?
What rights were afforded by the Magna Carta, and how has this document influenced other governments?