Microbiology Study Guide

Bacteria– Study Guide

Group 1 Content:

  1. What are the two kingdoms of bacteria? What are the characteristics of each kingdom?
  2. How do we classify Eubacteria?
  3. Define gram staining.
  4. Explain the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
  5. What are the 3 different shapes of Eubacteria? Be able to identify diagrams of each shape.
  6. Explain 3 different ways thatbacteria move.
  7. Explain how bacteria obtain energy. (chemo-heterotroph, photo-heterotroph, photo-autotrophs, and chemoautotrophs)
  8. What is the difference between Obligate anaerobes, Facultative anaerobes, and Obligate aerobes?

Group 2 Content:

  1. Label a eubacteria cell. (be able to label: cell wall, cell membrane, peptidoglycan, ribosome, flagellum, DNA, plasmid, and pili.)
  2. Describe the function of the structures listed in the question above.
  3. Briefly describe how most bacterial cells reproduce.
  4. Define genetic recombination and discuss why it is important.
  5. Explain the 3 major types of bacterial recombination (the 3 types are conjugation, transformation and transduction).
  6. Provide a clear explanation of how bacteria can develop resistance to drugs.

Group 3 Content:

  1. Describe four ways that bacteria benefit our lives.
  2. Describe how bacteria harm our lives (in doing so define pathogen)
  3. Discuss the difference between disinfectants and antibiotics. For each, describe how they work.
  4. What do we use antibiotics to treat?
  5. Describe how diseases spread and how we can prevent them from spreading.
  6. Explain why anti-biotics only harm bacterial cells and do not harm human cells.

Virus Study Guide

Group 4 Content:

  1. What is a virus?
  2. What structures do all viruses contain? Be able to label a virus.
  3. How do viruses invade cells? What does the specificity of viruses to their hosts refer to?
  4. Know the following viruses:bacteriophage, adenovirus and retrovirus.
  5. What they infect
  6. Be able to identify images of each type of virus.
  7. At least one real life example of this type of virus.
  8. Describe how a lytic infection occurs within cells.
  9. Describe how a lysogenic infection occurs within cells.
  10. Describe ways that viruses can benefit our lives.

Group 5 Content:

  1. Describe ways viruses harm our lives
  2. Describe ways that viruses benefit our lives (gene therapy, cancer treatment etc.)
  3. Describe the 3 types of vaccines discussed in class.
  4. Explain how vaccines work inside of the body.
  5. Why do you need to get the flu vaccine every year?

Group 6 Content:

  1. Explain how we can prevent bacterial resistance to medications.
  2. Explain why it is necessary to vaccinate our population.

Group 7 Content:

  1. What is the germ theory?
  2. What did the following people contribute to germ theory?
  3. Ignaz Semmelweis
  4. Louis Pasteur
  5. Robert Koch
  6. Joseph Lister
  7. Alexander Fleming