MCQ on Anatomy &Physiology A
Chapter 1: MCQ .The Human Body: An Orientation
( )Anatomy is
the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.
the study of how the body and its parts function.
the study of the body and its interaction with the environment.
All of the above are correct answers.
( )Physiology is
the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts.
the study of how the body and its parts function.
the study of the body and its interaction with the environment.
All of the above are correct answers.
)Smooth muscle is an example of which level of structural organization)
Tissue level.
Organ level.
Cellular level.
Chemical level.
( )Which system regulates the acid-base balance of the blood
The endocrine system.
The urinary system.
The lymphatic system.
The cardiovascular system.
( )Organ systems are NOT described as which of these statements
They act independently of each other.
They function together to ensure wellness of the organism.
They are groups of organs with a common function.
They can share organs with other systems.
)The passing of blood through the body is part of which body function)
Growth.
Metabolism.
Responsiveness.
Movement.
( )The simplest level of organization on the "structural ladder" is the
tissue level.
organ level.
cellular level.
chemical level.
( )Which of the following systems is involved in maintaining the boundaries of the body so that the inside remains distinct from the outside?
Respiratory.
Lymphatic.
Integumentary.
Endocrine.
)Metabolism is best described as)
the ability to transform substances into energy for the body.
the sum of the chemical reactions that occur in the body.
how the human body uses the food we eat.
how fast the body uses energy.
)The spleen is usually found in which abdominopelvic region)
Left iliac region.
Epigastric region.
Left hypochondriac region.
Left lumbar region.
)The mediastinum houses which of the following structures)
Liver.
Urinary bladder.
Trachea.
Spleen.
( )The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal condition under changing external conditions is defined as:
negative feedback.
positive feedback.
homeostasis.
hematopoiesis.
( )The elements of a physiological control system include
a receptor or another kind of sensor.
an effector or other response.
a control center that determines output.
All of the above.
( )The thymus gland is part of which of the following?
The endocrine system.
The reproductive system.
The lymphatic system.
The cardiovascular system.
)Which of the following statements is/are FALSE)
The correct anatomical position does NOT include which of the following positions?
Palms facing backwards.
Standing erect.
Hands at the sides, and feet parallel.
Head facing forward.
( )The dorsal body cavity is divided into two subdivisions. They are
the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity.
the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity.
the cranial cavity and the thoracic cavity.
None of the above.
( )Which of the following planes would separate the cranial cavity from the thoracic cavity?
Transverse plane.
Median (midsagittal) plane.
Frontal (coronal) plane.
Sagittal plane.
( )When standing in the correct anatomical position, the feet are ______to the knees.
proximal
lateral
medial
distal
Quiz 1
)A group of cells of the same type form a(an)):
organ.
organism.
atom.
tissue.
organ system.
( )Which system complements the circulatory system and involves the spleen?
The urinary system.
The lymphatic system.
The digestive system.
The endocrine system.
The reproductive system.
)A group of tissues working together for a specific function form a(n):
organ.
organism.
positive feedback system.
organ system.
organelle.
.
( )The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable internal environment is referred to as:
equilibrium.
homeostasis.
metabolism.
negative feedback.
positive feedback.
( )The anatomical term meaning away from the midline is
distal.
inferior.
lateral.
medial.
proximal.
( )The anatomical term meaning close to the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk is:
distal.
inferior.
lateral.
medial.
proximal.
( )The anatomical term meaning farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk is:
distal.
inferior.
lateral.
medial.
anterior.
( )The anatomical term meaning toward the lower part of a structure is
distal.
inferior.
lateral.
medial.
anterior.
( )The anatomical term meaning toward the midline of the body is
distal.
inferior.
lateral.
medial.
anterior.
( )Growth, reproduction, and food use at the cellular level are partially controlled by hormones released by organs from which of the following systems that also act(s) relatively slowly?
The digestive system.
The reproductive system.
The endocrine system.
The nervous system.
A and B.
( )The scientific discipline that investigates the body's structure and shape is called:
anatomy.
embryology.
endocrinology.
histology.
physiology.
( )The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
Body erect.
Palms turned posteriorly.
Arms at sides.
Thumbs pointed laterally.
Feet parallel.
( )Which body system is most closely associated with information assessment?
Endocrine.
Integumentary.
Lymphatic.
Nervous.
Reproductive.
( )Which body system is most closely associated with the support and protection of the body organs?
Endocrine.
Integumentary.
Lymphatic.
Nervous.
Skeletal.
( )Which of the following statements regarding homeostatic control mechanisms is/are true?
.The effector is usually a type of sensor that monitors and responds to changes in the environment.
Information in homeostatic control mechanisms flows from the receptor to the control center via the efferent pathway.
The control center determines the set point at which a variable is to be maintained, analyzes the information it receives, and then determines the appropriate response or course of action.
Information flows from the control center to the effector along the afferent pathway.
A and B.
)Which body system is most closely associated with transport and delivery)
Cardiovascular.
Integumentary.
Nervous.
Reproductive.
Respiratory.
)Which body system is most closely associated with the production of offspring)
Endocrine.
Integumentary.
Lymphatic.
Nervous.
Reproductive.
( )Which body system is most closely associated with the slow (long term) control of bodily activities?
Endocrine.
Integumentary.
Lymphatic.
Nervous.
Reproductive.
( )Which of the following best illustrates the increasing levels of complexity?
(1) Cells; (2) Organs; (3) Organelles; (4) Organism; (5) Tissues; (6) Organ systems
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
2, 4, 3, 5, 1, 6.
4, 3, 5, 6, 1, 2.
3, 1, 5, 2, 6, 4.
1, 5, 3, 2, 6, 4.
Quiz 2
( )A transverse plane divides the body into ______segments.
equal right and left
right and left
anterior and posterior
superior and inferior
both right and left and anterior and posterior segments
( )Anatomical position is:
a term used by artists referring to facing front and posing.
unimportant as a term of reference.
the position in which the body is erect, facing front with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with the palms facing forward.
the position in which the body is lying prone (face down) with feet parallel and arms by the sides.
the position in which the body is erect, facing forward with feet parallel and arms hanging at the sides with palms facing backward.
( )The cheeks are ____ to the tongue.
proximal
lateral
medial
inferior
dorsal
( )Which of the following statements regarding feedback mechanisms is/are FALSE?
.Positive feedback mechanisms tend to increase the original stimulus and to push the variable farther from its original value.
In negative feedback mechanisms, the net effect of the responses to the stimulus is to shut off the original stimulus or reduce its intensity.
Positive feedback mechanisms control infrequent events that occur "explosively."
Blood clotting is an example of a typical negative feedback mechanism.
( )When the body is subject to physical trauma, such as in an automobile accident, which organs are the most vulnerable to injury (homeostatic imbalance)?
Abdominal organs in the abdominal cavity.
Pelvic organs in the abdominopelvic cavity.
Heart and lungs in the thoracic cavity.
The brain in the cranial cavity.
The spinal cord within the spinal cavity.
( )The axillary region is in the:
back of the knee.
mouth.
armpit.
shoulder.
knee.
( )Metabolism is:
a broad term that refers to all the chemical reactions that occur in the body.
a term that refers to the chemical reactions where larger structures are made from smaller ones (synthesis).
the term that refers only to the process of breaking down ingested food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood for delivery to all body cells.
a term that refers to the chemical reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones.
the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the environment and then to react to them.
( )Which of the following is NOT an anterior body landmark
Coxal.
Crural.
Buccal.
Olecranal.
Acromial.
The ______is the body's slow-acting control system and acts by means of _____ (_)
endocrine system; hormones
muscular system; contraction
nervous system; hormones
lymphatic system; lymphocytes and macrophages
nervous system; electrical and chemical signals
( )If you wish to make a drawing of a section through the human body that showed the )heart and both of the lungs, your section could be in which of the following planes)
(1) Frontal (coronal); (2) Transverse; (3) Sagittal
1 only.
2 only.
3 only.
1 and 2.
2 and 3.
( )The right and left ______regions flank the epigastric region and contain the lower ribs.
epigastric
hypochondriac
iliac
lumbar
hypogastric
)Place the following in correct sequence from simplest to most complex)
(1) Molecules; (2) Atoms; (3) Tissues; (4) Cells; (5) Organ
1-2-3-4-5.
2-1-4-3-5.
2-1-3-4-5.
1-2-4-3-5.
5-4-3-2-1.
( )The term medial is
a direction toward or at the midline of the body.
a term referring to a direction away from the midline of the body.
refers to a direction farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body part.
a term referring to the front of the body.
a term referring to the superior (cranial or cephalad) direction.
)The thoracic body cavity)
is made up of the cranial and spinal cavities.
is made up of two subcavities.
is the superior cavity in the ventral cavity.
is the dorsal cavity.
is posterior to the dorsal body cavity.
)Which of the following is NOT a necessary life function)
Maintaining boundaries.
Movement.
Thinking.
Responsiveness.
Reproduction.
( )Which of these is found in the dorsal body cavity?
Liver.
Brain.
Kidneys.
Heart.
Lungs.
( )Which of the following statements is FALSE?
Tissues consist of groups of similar cells that have a common function.
Atoms are the building blocks of matter, and combine to form molecules.
The digestive system, reproductive system, and endocrine system are examples of organs.
An organ is made up of two or more tissue types.
Organ systems make up the living body or the organism.
)Which of the following is NOT true of a sagittal plane)
.A sagittal section is a cut made along the lengthwise, or longitudinal, plane of the body dividing the body into right and left parts.
A sagittal section divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
A midsagittal plane divides the body into equal right and left parts.
A median plane is another name for a midsagittal plane.
Both the sagittal and coronal planes represent a cut made along a lengthwise plane.
)Which of the following is NOT true of the skeletal system)
The skeletal system consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, and joints.
Bones are not necessary for efficient movement.
The skeletal system has a protective function.
Hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) occurs within the cavities of the skeleton.
The hard substance of bones acts as a storehouse for minerals.
( )Which term is defined as being close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk?
Superior, cranial, or cephalad.
Intermediate.
Distal.
Proximal.
Superficial.
CHAPTER 3 MCQ ON CELLS AND TISSUES
( )All materials exchanged between the blood and the cell must first pass through the ______, which surrounds all body cells.
Plasma membrane
Lymph
Interstitial fluid
Sea water
( ) The cells in the human body:
all have the same structure.
are varied in shape, size, and internal structure according to their function.
have the exact same number of parts.
all change shape as they grow.
( )The advantages of being a multi-celled organism include:
the ability of the cell to perform specialized functions for the organism.
the ability of the specialized cells to repair damaged parts with like cells.
the increased cellular surface area in relationship to the total volume of the individual allows development of larger organisms.
All of the above are true.
( )Which of the following is not true regarding cell membrane junctions?
They are used to pass nutrients and water into a cell's cytoplasm.
They are found between adjacent cells.
They are often fused tightly.
They are used to prevent the cells from being pulled apart under normal conditions or wear-and-tear.
( )All of the following statements are functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum EXCEPT:
fat metabolism.
synthesis of cholesterol.
synthesis of protein.
detoxification.
( )Human cells are always surrounded by:
a cell wall.
a plasma membrane.
a layer of wax.
a protein called keratin.
( )The cytoplasm of the cell is made up of:
cytosol, organelles, and inclusions.
cytosol, a nucleus, and organelles.
a cell membrane, a nucleus, and cytosol.
organelles, a nucleus, and a cell membrane.
( )The fluid contained within a lysosome is similar to:
sea water.
digestive enzymes.
strong alkaline solutions.
distilled water.
( )Which of the following organelles serve(s) as the site for ATP synthesis within a cell?
Golgi apparatus.
Peroxisomes.
Mitochondria.
Centrioles.
( )Cytokinesis is the name of the process within a cell that describes the:
division of the nucleus.
movement of the centrioles.
division of the cytoplasm.
uneven division of the nucleus.
( )Somatic cell division includes all of the following EXCEPT:
Production of one daughter cell.
Production of the mitotic spindle.
DNA replication.
Production of two daughter cells.
( )If you stir a tablespoon of sugar into a glass of water, the liquid which now holds the dissolved sugar is known as the:
solution.
solute.
solvent.
somatic.
( )The plasma membrane is designed to:
allow any material carried in the blood to enter the cell.
keep all materials inside of the cell from leaving.
keep all materials, except water, from entering the cell.
allow some materials to pass into or out of the cell, while denying exit or entrance to other materials.
( )h of the following is/are phases of mitosis?
Interphase.
Prophase.
Metaphase.
Telophase.
Prophase, metaphase, and telophase.
)Which of following is CORRECT regarding endocrine glands)
They are ductless glands.
They are glands that diffuse their products directly into the bloodstream to be carried to target tissues.
They are glands that produce hormones.
All of the above are correct statements.
( )ne part of the body produces a substance to be used by another part of the body, that substance is called a/an:
excretion.
secretion.
solution.
discretion.
( )Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue
Secretion.
Filtration.
Absorption.
Allof the above ARE functions of epithelial tissue.
( )h of the following is NOT a type of epithelial cells
Stratified squamous.
Dense fibrous.
Pseudostratified columnar.
Simple cuboidal.
( )common characteristic of all connective tissues is the presence of
large numbers of nerve endings.
large amounts of extracellular matrix.
little variation in the amount of blood supply.
extreme flexibility.
)In general, connective tissue is)
only associated with epithelial tissues.
the most widely distributed tissue type found in the body.
always highly vascularized.
never found without a thick matrix layer.
( )Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue
Areolar.
Adipose.
Bone.
Glandular.
( )Which of the following connective tissues is characterized by a very limited blood supply
Bone.
Adipose.
Loose areolar.
Hyaline cartilage.
)All muscle tissues have the capacity to be)
extendable.
striated.
voluntary.
involuntary.
( )Because of the elongated shape of muscle cells they are also called
fibrils.
voluntary.
muscle fibers.
involuntary.
)Muscle tissues are highly specialized for which of the following functions)
Contraction.
Shortening.
Protecting the body from harmful UV rays.
Contraction AND shortening.
( )Which of the following IS a characteristic of smooth muscle(
It is found in the walls of hollow organs.
It is voluntary.
It is found in the heart.
It is always attached to bone tissue.
( )The function of neuroglial cells includes all of the following EXCEPT
insulation of neurons.
protection of neurons.
support of neurons.
transport of electrical signals along their membrane.
)The two major processes of wound healing are)
regeneration and fibrosis.
fibrosis and tissue formation.
ingrowth and granulation.
regeneration and replacement.
( )Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging in tissues(
Exocrine glands become less active.
The amount of elasticity in the skin increases.
The amount of collagen in the tissues decreases.
Some endocrine glands produce decreasing amounts of hormones.
( )Neoplasm occurs when
areolar tissues secrete hormones.
exocrine glands divide via mitosis.
the cytoplasm of a cell generates a new nuclear membrane.
normal cells begin to grow uncontrollably.
Quiz 1
)All exchanges between cells and the blood are made through)
other cells.
interstitial fluid.
air.
lymph.