Review sheet Ch 9 L2—The 2nd IR
Materials you have to study from:
9.1 reading questions
9.2 reading questions
9.3 reading questions
9.4 reading questions
World’s Fair Article
Florence Nightingale Video Questions
Cult of Domesticity Power Point
Emmeline Pankhurst Articles and questions
Van Gogh Video worksheet
Although there is no “sheet” the role of entertainment—movies Melies’ A trip to the Moon that we watched in class
Format:
Matching
Multiple Choice
Reading Comprehension
Short answers
Reading Comprehension Article
You may pre-read the following article—there will be reading comp. questions concerning it on your test.
Impressionist Art Margaret SamuInstitute of Fine Arts, New York University
Edited by GM
In 1874, a group of artists called the Anonymous Society of Painters, Sculptors, Printmakers, etc. organized an exhibition in Paris that launched (started) the movement called Impressionism. Its founding members includedClaude Monet,Edgar Degas, and Camille Pissarro, among others. The group was unified( only by its independence from the official annualSalon (official art society), for which a jury of artists from the Académie des Beaux-Arts selected artworks and awarded medals. The independent artists, despite their diverse approaches to painting, appeared to contemporaries (other artists of the day) as a group. While conservative critics panned (spoke negatively) [about] their work for its unfinished, sketch-like appearance, more progressive writers praised it for its depiction of modern life. Edmond Duranty, for example, in his 1876 essayLa Nouvelle Peinture(The New Painting), wrote of their depiction of contemporary (current) subject matter in a suitably innovative (new) style as a revolution in painting. The exhibiting collective [of artists using new styles] avoided choosing a title [for how they created art] that would imply a unified movement or school, although some of them subsequently (later) adopted the name by which they would eventually be known, the Impressionists. Their work is recognized today for its modernity, embodied in its rejection of established styles, its incorporation of new technology and ideas, and its depiction of modern life.
Claude Monet'sImpression, Sunrise(MuséeMarmottan Monet, Paris) exhibited in 1874, gave the Impressionist movement its name when the critic Louis Leroy accused it of being a sketch or "impression," not a finished painting. It demonstrates the techniques many of the independent artists adopted: short, broken brushstrokes that barely convey forms, pure unblended colors, and an emphasis on the effects of light. Rather than neutral white, grays, and blacks, Impressionists often rendered shadows and highlights in color. The artists' loose brushwork gives an effect of spontaneity and effortlessness that masks their often carefully constructed compositions, such as in Alfred Sisley's 1878Allée of Chestnut Trees(1975.1.211). This seemingly casual style became widely accepted, even in the official Salon, as the new language (artistic style) with which to depict modern life.
In addition to their radical technique, the bright colors of Impressionist canvases were shocking for eyes accustomed to the more sober colors of Academic painting. Many of the independent artists chose not to apply the thick golden varnish that painters customarily used to tone down their works. The paints themselves were more vivid as well. The nineteenth century saw the development of synthetic (man made) pigments for artists' paints, providing vibrant (bright) shades of blue, green, and yellow that painters had never used before…
Such images of suburban and rural leisure outside of Paris were a popular subject for the Impressionists, notably Monet andPierre-Auguste Renoir. Several of them lived in the country for part or all of the year. New railway lines radiating (went) out from the city made travel so convenient that Parisians virtually flooded into the countryside every weekend. While some of the Impressionists, such as Pissarro, focused on the daily life of local villagers in Pontoise, most preferred to depict the vacationers' rural pastimes. The boating and bathing establishments that flourished in these regions became favorite motifs (themes to paint)...Landscapes, which figure prominently in Impressionist art, were also brought up to date with innovative compositions, light effects, and use of color. Monet in particular emphasized the modernization of the landscape by including railways and factories, signs of encroaching industrialization…
Its many facets and varied participants make the Impressionist movement difficult to define. Indeed, its life seems as fleeting as the light effects it sought to capture. Even so, Impressionism was a movement of enduring consequence, as its embrace of modernity made it the springboard forlater avant-garde art (modern art)in Europe.