Digestion

  • You have learned that your cells use carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals and water to make your body. And that is what you eat, in all about 65,000 pounds (29,510 kg) of food during your lifetime!
  • Your digestive system is an incredible food processor, a tube that churns and turns food into substances that your cells can use. You decide what to put into your mouth and whether or not to chew and swallow it, but after that the tube takes over. Open at both ends, the tube that makes up the digestive tract is between 8-9m long. A meal passes through the digestive tract in 24-30 hours. The small intestine, on its own measures 6.5m long. The digestive tract is also called the gastrointestinal tract.
  • is the ______and ______process of breaking down food to release ______in a form the body can use.
  • Digestive tract (alimentary canal)- 8 coiled meters long; mostly found in the rib cage.

MASTICATION (CHEWING)

saliva, mucus, glands under the tongue.

  • ______, a carb. enzyme
  • saliva is a mixture of ______, mucus, ______, and ______.
  • people produce 1.5 L of saliva each day.

FUNCTIONS OF SALIVA

1.adds ______and ______to food

2.______food

3.cleans ______and ______

  1. makes slightly basic liquid, buffer

Pharynx:

- dual purpose ______

- receives both ______from the ______and ______from the ______

- everytime you swallow, the______, a flap-like structure that ensures food will travel down the digestive tract

The Esophagus

- where food goes once ______

- muscular tube connecting the mouth to the ______

- walls of the esophagus are made up of smooth muscle tissue that contact and relax creating ______movements that force food into the stomach (this muscular action is called ______)

STOMACH

  • sweet potato shape
  • holds______l of food when full
  • ______sets of ______that churn food around.

GASTRIC JUICES

1.______-pH of 2 breaks down protein & bacteria

2.______-pepsin (protein), rennin (protein), gastric lipase (fat). Amylase (starches) is destroyed by acid.

3.______-protects the lining of stomach.

MACRONUTRIENTS BREAKDOWN

  1. carbs-______hours
  1. protein-______hours

3.fats-______hours

CHYME -thick fluid made of ______.

PYLORIC SPHINCTER-a muscle that control’s the movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine.

-food released a little at a time.

Small Intestine

-______meters long, ______cm diameter

-performs______.

-3 segments, ______, jejunum, ileum-

-______– digestive juices enter here from the bile duct and pancreas.

JEJUNUM

-many folds that secrete ______from lining that breakdown ______and ______so they can pass through the villi. Its covered with microvilli that absorb a specific ______, or amino acid.

-______of nutrients in order of being broken down. 1. carbs 2.protein 3. fat

-these nutrients are carried 1st by the lymphatic system and then the circulatory system.

ILEUM

-diameter 5 cm, 1.5 m long

-attached to the large______, little villi here, few enzymes.

-peristalysis to move undigested food to large intestine.

-main function is ______.

LIVER & PANCREAS

  • produces ______, greenish liquid used to mix with fat so it can be ______and ______
  • bile stored in the gall ______, bile duct.

PANCREAS-pancreatic juice,enzyme –rich fluid that helps breakdown all 3 nutrients.

-releases Na2CO3 to neutralize acid fluid from stomach.

LARGE INTESTINE

-1.5 m long

-diameter______of small intestine

-______plays a role in digestion in horses.

3 Main Functions of the Large Intestine

  1. Bacterial Action-bacteria live in the ______and breakdown any carbs not broken down earlier.

2.Water Recovery-water ______into body and salts.

3.Collection of Waste-elimination of waste.

-feces is living, dead bacteria, cellulose, and water.

RECTUM & ANUS

  • Weak sphincter muscles push feces to rectum where it is stored. 2 other sphincter muscles inside and out of the anus push it out.

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FECES

  • NO SMELL
  • BEIGE COLOR
  • ALL ONE PIECE
  • FLOATS
  • NO STRAINING WHEN PUSHING OUT
  • ALL ONE COLOR
  • GO 2 OR MORE TIMES A DAY

1