Chapter 1: Seeking: Finding Happiness in Relationships in a Complex World
Multiple-Choice Questions
1) Abraham Maslow identified all of the following except ______as one of the hierarchy of needs humans need for self fulfillment.
A) safety
B) self actualization
C) belongingness
D) biological influences
E) self esteem
Answer: D
Diff: 2Page Ref: 2
Skill: comprehension
2) Research by Lavee and Olsen (1992) found that 40% of marriages were ______.
A) vitalized
B) harmonious
C) devitalized
D) conflict habituated
Answer: C
Diff: 2Page Ref: 1
Skill: knowledge
3) In 2010, men and women, on average, got married at ages ______and ______respectively.
A) 20 and 18
B) 28 and 26.2
C) 24.5 and 21.2
D) 26.1 and 24
Answer: B
Diff: 2Page Ref: 4
Skill: knowledge
4) According to the text, a person's happiness level is determined by
A) genetic predisposition.
B) how you utilize your strengths in life.
C) expressing gratitude for positive things.
D) Both B and C are correct.
E) All of the above are true.
Answer: E
Diff: 2Page Ref: 6, 7
Skill: comprehension
5) Which of the following types of happiness according to Seligman, stem from a genetic predisposition?
A) “the good life”
B) “the pleasant life”
C) “the meaningful life”
D) “the secure life”
Answer: B
Diff: 2Page Ref: 7
Skill: knowledge
1
Chapter One: Seeking: Finding Happiness in Relationships in a Complex World
6) Research suggests a person's happiness level is
A) genetics
B) environmental experiences
C) brain chemistry
D) both genetic and environmental experiences
Answer: D
Diff: 2Page Ref: 6
Skill: knowledge
7) According to psychologist Martin Seligman, when humans state they "want to have meaning in their lives", they are expressing a desire for more ______.
A) romance
B) financial security
C) happiness
D) leisure time
Answer: C
Diff: 2Page Ref: 2
Skill: knowledge
8) According to the text, which of the following statements are true?
A) Increased materialistic consumption is correlated with increased happiness.
B) As income rises for most Americans, divorce rates are not affected.
C) Happiness is correlated with the ability to manage the natural desire to have more.
D) Both A and B are true.
Answer: C
Diff: 2Page Ref: 6
Skill: comprehension
9) Which of the following characteristics is identified by psychologist Christopher Peterson as most strongly linked to happiness?
A) marriage
B) gratitude
C) altruism
D) forgiveness
Answer: D
Diff: 1Page Ref: 7
Skill: knowledge
10) Sociologist Linda Waite's survey indicated 40% of ______said they were "very happy".
A) cohabitating couples
B) singles
C) married couples
D) divorcees
Answer: C
Diff: 1Page Ref: 4
Skill: knowledge
11) John Gottman, Director of the "Love Lab" in Seattle, Washington., found ______is the best predictor of divorce among couples.
A) financial problems
B) many arguments
C) happiness
D) contempt
Answer: D
Diff: 1Page Ref: 4
Skill: knowledge
12) Research indicates people who live in Latin American countries where the standard of living is lower than in the U.S. ______.
A) have about the same level of happiness as Americans
B) have higher levels of happiness as compared to Americans
C) have lower levels of happiness as compared to Americans
D) have extremely low levels of happiness due to their lower standard of living
Answer: B
Diff: 3Page Ref: 6
Skill: knowledge
13) Breadth in intimate relationships includes which of the following activities?
A) intellectual activity
B) physical activity
C) emotional activity
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2Page Ref: 10
Skill: knowledge
14) A legal marriage without a license is called
A) matrimony.
B) common-law marriage.
C) consensual marriage.
D) covenant marriage.
Answer: B
Diff: 1Page Ref: 13
Skill: knowledge
15) The U.S. only recognizes which of the following forms of marriages as legal?
A) polygamy.
B) polyandry.
C) monogamy.
D) monopoly.
Answer: C
Diff: 1Page Ref: 13
Skill: knowledge
16) Most people state the principle reason for marriage as:
A) love
B) having children
C) providing emotional support for a spouse
D) providing financial support for children
Answer: B
Diff: 2Page Ref: 15
Skill: knowledge
17) According to the text, the "traditional" definition of family includes:
A) foster families.
B) cohabiting couples and their biological children.
C) those related by blood, marriage or adoption.
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: C
Diff: 2Page Ref: 15
Skill: knowledge
18) The family you are born into and raised is called
A) a family of orientation.
B) a family of procreation.
C) a nuclear family.
D) a binuclear family.
Answer: A
Diff: 2Page Ref: 16
Skill: knowledge
19) The binuclear family is best described as
A) a family in which members live in two different households.
B) children born into a new blended family.
C) a single parent family.
D) adult children returning to live with their parents.
Answer: A
Diff: 2Page Ref: 16
Skill: knowledge
20) Relatives that are related by blood, marriage, remarriage or adoption are called
A) extended family.
B) affiliated kin.
C) kin.
D) family of origin.
Answer: C
Diff: 2Page Ref: 17
Skill: knowledge
21) As compared to the rest of the world, the pattern of residence most frequently found in the U.S. is called
A) matrilocal.
B) patrilocal.
C) neolocal.
D) proximity.
Answer: C
Diff: 1Page Ref: 17
Skill: knowledge
22) According to the text which of the following are examples of pseudokinship?
A) fraternity brothers
B) military comrades in times of war
C) coworkers
D) All of the above are true
Answer: D
Diff: 2Page Ref: 18
Skill: knowledge
23) Individualism occurred in response to
A) the Industrial Revolution.
B) two earner families
C) a search for personal fulfillment
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: A
Diff: 1Page Ref: 21
Skill: knowledge
24) Roles are defined as
A) explanations and beliefs for behavior.
B) deeply held beliefs about moral behavior.
C) the way a person acts out a status
D) laws regulating marriages
Answer: C
Diff: 2Page Ref: 24
Skill: knowledge
25) Demographic changes in marriage in the U.S. include which of the following?
A) family size
B) interracial marriage rates
C) divorce rates
D) Both A and B are true.
E) All of the above are true.
Answer: E
Diff: 2Page Ref: 24
Skill: knowledge
26) In ______, males may marry at age 17 and females at age 15 without parental consent.
A) Alabama
B) California
C) Mississippi
D) West Virginia
Answer: C
Diff: 1Page Ref: 14
Skill: knowledge
27) ______are the fastest growing minority group in the U.S. today.
A) African Americans
B) Asian Americans
C) Latinos
D) Those of Middle Eastern descent
Answer: C
Diff: 1Page Ref: 26
Skill: knowledge
28) The happiest people on earth according to research by sociologist Ruut Veenhoven live in ______.
A) Zimbabwe
B) Iceland
C) the United States
D) Denmark
Answer: D
Diff: 1Page Ref: 7
Skill: knowledge
29) The median age for first marriage for American men in 2010 was ______.
A) 20.2
B) 22.5
C) 28.0
D) 29.0
Answer: C
Diff: 1Page Ref: 28
Skill: knowledge
30) In 2003, the mean age of American women giving birth to their first child was ______.
A) 20.8
B) 22.2
C) 25.2
D) 27.3
Answer: C
Diff: 1Page Ref: 28
Skill: knowledge
31) William Goode identified all of the following except ______as one of the four benefits of families.
A) economic benefits
B) physical security
C) proximity
D) familiarity
Answer: B
Diff: 2Page Ref: 19
Skill: comprehension
32) Regarding marriage, which of the following are universal to all cultures?
A) arranged marriage
B) marrying for love
C) ceremonies that sanction the union of a couple
D) the acceptance of common-law unions
Answer: C
Diff: 2Page Ref: 12
Skill: knowledge
33) The nuclear family can be described as
A) a traditional family.
B) a family of orientation.
C) a family of procreation.
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2Page Ref: 15
Skill: knowledge
34) Concerning Globalization, which of the following had the greatest impact on the American family?
A) It results in a loss of well paying jobs for American families.
B) It creates more import goods at lower cost for Americans.
C) It increases world communication and U.S. cultural influence overseas.
D) All of the above statement are true.
Answer: A
Diff: 2Page Ref: 22 and 23
Skill: knowledge
35) Identify the five key areas for building a happy relationship according to David Olson's research.
A) good communication, flexibility, emotional closeness, compatible personalities, good conflict resolution
B) good communication, stable finances, the same friends, well-paying jobs, having children
C) many recreational activities, high incomes, flexible personalities, status in the community, same religious faith
D) All of the above were identified by Olson to be significant key factors.
Answer: A
Diff: 3Page Ref: 5
Skill: knowledge
36) The emphasis on the family unit over individual needs is called ______.
A) individualism
B) familism
C) economic continuity
D) proximity
Answer: B
Diff: 2Page Ref: 21
Skill: knowledge
37) Intimacy
A) is linked to emotional health.
B) helps humans cope with the stresses of life.
C) is shared onlyamong kin.
D) Both A and B are true.
E) All of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 1Page Ref: 10
Skill: knowledge
38) Which of the following had an impact on the development of the family?
A) technology
B) globalization
C) the Industrial Revolution
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2Page Ref: 20
Skill: knowledge
39) In 2010, Non-Hispanic whites comprised approximately ______of Americans.
A) 39%
B) 59%
C) 66%
D) 81%
Answer: C
Diff: 1Page Ref: 24
Skill: knowledge
40) Latinos comprise approximately ______of Americans in 2010.
A) 10%
B) 15.1%
C) 25.2%
D) 38%
Answer: B
Diff: 1Page Ref: 26
Skill: knowledge
41) The average U.S. household size in 2003 was approximately ______persons per family.
A) 2.57
B) 3
C) 3.5
D) 4.3
Answer: A
Diff: 1Page Ref: 29
Skill: knowledge
42) ______is the most common residence pattern in the world.
A) Patrilocal
B) Matrilocal
C) Neolocal
D) Bilocal
Answer: A
Diff: 1Page Ref: 17
Skill: knowledge
43) There were approximately ______Native Americans in the U.S. in 2010.
A) 2.8 million
B) 5.2 million
C) 10 million
D) 17.6 million
E) All of the above are true.
Answer: A
Diff: 1Page Ref: 27
Skill: knowledge
44) One-third of African American families ______.
A) live in extreme poverty
B) are single head of household
C) earn more than $35,000/year
D) have more than three children
Answer: C
Diff: 2Page Ref: 27
Skill: knowledge
45) Which of the following has had a positive impact on the family?
A) email
B) cell phones
C) birth control
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2Page Ref: 22
Skill: knowledge
46) Which of the following are characteristics of individualism?
A) Families increased their self-sufficiency as a group.
B) Values for self fulfillment became important.
C) Family collective goals became increasingly more important.
D) Work became more group focused.
Answer: B
Diff: 2Page Ref: 21
Skill: comprehension
47) When countries’ economies become more interdependent
A) this is called globalization.
B) families can benefit through more goods and services.
C) families can suffer due to job loss to foreign markets.
D) All of the above are true.
Answer: D
Diff: 2Page Ref:22
Skill: comprehension
48) In Panel 1.3 on page 25, what non-white minority was the largest in the U.S. in 2010?
A) Asian Americans
B) Native Americans
C) African Americans
D) Hispanics
Answer: D
Diff: 1Page Ref: 25
Skill: knowledge
49) According to Panel 1.7 on page 28, what groups are projected to have the largest growth by 2025?
A) African Americans
B) Whites
C) Hispanics
D) Asians
Answer: B
Diff: 2Page Ref: 28
Skill: knowledge
True/False Questions
1) According to research, people who are naturally inclined to being negative and depressive can never have happy and meaningful lives.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2Page Ref: 6
Skill: knowledge
2) Psychologist Ed Diener states, "materialism is toxic for happiness". This statement means if you learn to control your desire for tangible things you will be happier.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2Page Ref: 6
Skill: comprehension
3) Psychologist Jon Gottman's research found that words of contempt between couples was the best predictor of divorce.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2Page Ref: 4
Skill: knowledge
4) The media and popular culture impacts perceptions of love and marriage.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1Page Ref: 1
Skill: knowledge
5) Happiness can be influenced by one's ethnic culture.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1Page Ref: 6
Skill: knowledge
6) Intimacy is defined as any physically affectionate relationship.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2Page Ref: 10
Skill: knowledge
7) Twenty five percent of American college students stated they would marry for reasons other than love.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1Page Ref: 12
Skill: knowledge
8) The traditional two parent nuclear family is still the norm today.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1Page Ref:2
Skill: knowledge
9) Affiliated kin are unrelated individuals who are treated like relatives.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1Page Ref: 17
Skill: knowledge
10) Common-law marriage is legally recognized in twenty two states.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2Page Ref: 13
Skill: knowledge
11) Familism is a major part of traditional Mexican and Chinese families today.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1Page Ref: 21
Skill: knowledge
12) The majority of Native Americans live on reservations in the U.S. today.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1Page Ref: 27
Skill: knowledge
13) Family size in the U.S. has stabilized at approximately four per household.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1Page Ref: 29
Skill: knowledge
14) Marriage and religious beliefs are the two most important factors in happiness.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1Page Ref:3
Skill: knowledge
15) Affiliated kin are those acquired through marriage.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2Page Ref: 17
Skill: knowledge
16) A child can live in a binuclear and blended family at the same time.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2Page Ref: 16
Skill: comprehension
17) Just as physical health can be managed, psychologists Baker and Stauth believe that emotions can be managed.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2Page Ref:4
Skill: comprehension
18) Sociological research indicates approximately two thirds of married couples who reported being unhappy said they were happy five years later.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1Page Ref: 4
Skill: knowledge
19) Married people tend to report higher levels of happiness than single people.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1Page Ref: 3
Skill: knowledge
20) Humans have a biologically determined "set point" for moods.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2Page Ref: 6
Skill: knowledge
Fill-in-the-Blank
1) ______is the study of population size and characteristics.
Answer: Demography
Diff: 1Page Ref: 24
Skill: knowledge
2) The ______describes good feelings that originate from genetic predisposition.
Answer: pleasant life
Diff: 1Page Ref: 7
Skill: knowledge
3) The ______type of happiness stems from knowing what your strengths are and utilizing them.
Answer: good life
Diff: 1Page Ref: 7
Skill: knowledge
4) Your cousins, uncles and aunts are members of your ______family.
Answer: extended
Diff: 1Page Ref: 16
Skill: knowledge
5) ______is when individual concerns take priority over the family's needs.
Answer: Individualism
Diff: 1Page Ref: 21
Skill: knowledge
6) Among some PacificIsland groups, marriage residence is with or near the wife's kin. This is known as ______residence.
Answer: matrilocal
Diff: 2Page Ref: 17
Skill: knowledge
7) Every culture has some type of ______legitimizing marriage.
Answer: ceremony
Diff: 1Page Ref: 12
Skill: knowledge
8) ______is total sexual exclusivity to one partner.
Answer: Monogamy
Diff: 1Page Ref: 14
Skill: knowledge
9) Tim Berners-Lee invented the ______in 1991.
Answer: worldwide web
Diff: 2Page Ref: 22
Skill: knowledge
10) ______is the family you create when you marry and have children.
Answer: A family of procreation
Diff: 2Page Ref: 16
Skill: knowledge
11) When children from a divorced family spend time in two separate households, this is called a ______.
Answer: binuclear family
Diff: 2Page Ref: 16
Skill: knowledge
12) A ______is created when two people marry and one or both bring into the household a child or children from a previous marriage.
Answer: blended or stepfamily
Diff: 1Page Ref: 16
Skill: knowledge
13) ______is the most common residence pattern in the world.
Answer: Patrilocal
Diff: 1Page Ref: 17
Skill: knowledge
14) ______describes when a newlywed couple establishes their own residenceapart from either set of parents.
Answer: Neolocal
Diff: 1Page Ref: 17
Skill: knowledge
15) William Goode identified four benefits of family. The convenience of having family members to provide short-term support and companionship would be an example of the ______benefit.
Answer: proximity
Diff: 2Page Ref: 19
Skill: knowledge
16) A ______is defined as a unit made up of two or more people related by blood, marriage or adoption.
Answer: traditional family
Diff: 1Page Ref: 15
Skill: knowledge
17) Decision making where the family’s needs are most importantis known as ______.
Answer: familism
Diff: 2Page Ref:21
Skill: knowledge
18) The interdependence of the world economy is called ______.
Answer: globalization
Diff: 1Page Ref: 22
Skill: knowledge
19) Our roles, values, and beliefs are influenced by the______.
Answer: Mass media
Diff: 2Page Ref: 24
Skill: knowledge
20) Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs are physiological, ______belongingness, esteem, and self actualization.
Answer: safety,
Diff: 2Page Ref: 3
Skill: comprehension
Short Answer Questions
1) Identify and discuss five factors that have affected the structure and function of the American family in the past 100 years. Cite one example for each factor.
Answer: Discussion should include the impact of the Industrial Revolution, technological change, globalization, mass media and popular culture on the family.
Diff: 3Page Ref: 21 - 22
Skill: knowledge
2) Sociologist William Goode identified four benefits of families. Discuss these benefits and cite an example of each.
Answer: The student should discuss in-depth the four functions; economic benefits, proximity, familiarity and continuity.
Diff: 2Page Ref: 19
Skill: comprehension
3) Discuss why most service jobs have not helped the American family.
Answer: Discussion should include the loss of manufacturing jobs and the rise of low paying service jobs that make it difficult for families to survive.
Diff: 2Page Ref: 23
Skill: comprehension
4) Identify two main demographic trends that have created the post modern family. Explain how these trends have affected the post modern family.
Answer: Discussion should include; people are living longer and marrying later and women are having less children. The historic primary function of rearing children in families is declining. More alternative family patterns have arisen; cohabiting couples, gay couples, single parent families, binuclear and blended families.There are fewer social rewards for and less emphasis on parenting in today’s society.
Diff: 2Page Ref: 28 - 30
Skill: comprehension
5) Discuss how Web 2.0 impacts dating in the U.S. Cite an example.
Answer: Discussion should include definition of Web 2.0 and use examples such as MySpace and Facebook.
Diff: 2Page Ref: 22
Skill: comprehension
6) Identify the three categories of happiness researched by Martin Seligman. Contrast the differences between these three categories. Cite an example of each.
Answer: Answers should include discussion of the good life, pleasant life and meaningful life. Each of these types identifies a different source for what makes people perceive their lives as happy.
Diff: 2Page Ref: 6
Skill: analysis
7) Discuss any of the five areas of relationships identified by David Olson in his research on marital happiness.