Marine Animal Review

CHAPTER 8:

  1. Give 3 characteristics of sponges
  1. Cnidarians:
  2. What is a cnidocyte?
  3. List 2 major types of cnidarians
  4. Differentiate the two body plans of cnidarians.
  1. Platyhelminths
  2. Flatworms are differentiated into turberellians and flukes/tapeworms. What is the main difference?
  1. Other marine worms (Ribon worms, lophophorates etc)
  2. List 3 things marine worms do for the ecosystem.

CHAPTER 9:

  1. Mollusks
  2. Name and describe the 2 main parts of a mollusk’s body.
  3. Contrast the three main mollusk types: Gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods
  1. Annelids and Nematodes
  2. Give two characteristics of annelids
  3. Which animal is the most abundant on Earth?
  1. Arthropods
  2. What does the word “arthropod” mean?
  3. What are the two main classes of arthropods and how are they similar? How do they differ?
  1. Echinoderms
  2. Give two characteristics of sea stars and sea urchins.
  3. What does the term “echinoderm” mean?
  1. Tunicates and Cephalochordates
  2. What is the common name for cephalochordates, and what do they do?

CHAPTER 10

  1. Jawless fish
  2. What are the two remaining types of jawless fish?
  3. What characteristics make them unique?
  1. Sharks and Rays
  2. What skeletal characteristic defines sharks and rays? Describe this in detail.
  1. Define and describe the “ampullae of Lorenzini”
  1. Differentiate sharks and rays.
  1. Bony fishes
  2. What are the most common type of fish (and vertebrates) in the ocean?
  3. Describe 2 functions of a fish’s gills.
  1. How do bony fishes control their buoyancy?

CHAPTER 11:

  1. Reptiles
  2. Name and describe the egg that is unique to reptiles.
  1. How many types of sea turtles are there? Name them.
  1. Where is the only place to find marine iguanas in the wild?
  1. Birds
  2. Name and describe 2 major types of penguins. Which are biggest? Smallest?
  1. What types of animals prey on penguins? Why not polar bears?
  1. What are two adaptations of birds for flying?
  1. How do cormorants eat their food? Why?
  1. What types of birds spend most of their life out at sea? When do they return to land?
  1. How does a turnstone find its food?

CHAPTER 12:

  1. Sea otters
  2. Where do sea otters naturally live?
  1. Why do they float on their backs?
  1. Polar bears
  2. Where do polar bears naturally live?
  1. Why are polar bears endangered?
  1. Pinnepeds
  2. List and describe 3 types of pinnepeds.
  1. Where do they generally live?
  1. Which are considered “true seals”?
  1. Whales
  2. Name 3 important adaptations of whales
  1. Differentiate 3 types of toothed whales.
  1. What is baleen and how do whales use it?
  1. Sirenians
  2. Differentiate the two types of sirenians.