Macromolecules Notes

  1. Lipids
  2. Triglycerides
  3. ______head with three fatty acid tails attached
  4. Entire molecule is ______, so it does not dissolve in water
  5. Humans and other animals consume these to obtain ______
  6. If a tail has all ______bonds, the tail will be straight
  7. The tail will have the maximum number of ______, so it is called “saturated”
  8. The straight tails can pack tightly together, so saturated fats are ______at room temperature
  9. Examples: butter, lard (pig fat)
  10. If a tail has a double bond, the tail ______
  11. The tail won’t have the maximum number of hydrogens, so it is called “______”
  12. The bent tails can’t pack tightly together, so they are ______at room temperature
  13. Examples: olive oil, vegetable oil
  14. Phospholipids
  15. A glycerol head and a ______group with two fatty acid tails attached
  16. Glycerol/phosphate head is ______
  17. ______are hydrophobic
  18. A phospholipid bilayer is found in cell ______, separating the internal and external environment
  19. Cholesterol
  20. Made of four fused ______
  21. Found in cell membranes
  22. Many ______are made from cholesterol
  1. Carbohydrates
  2. Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and ______
  3. Monomers are five or ______sided rings
  4. Monomers become linked together to form ______called polymers
  5. Monomers of carbohydrates are called ______
  6. Examples of monosaccharides are ______and fructose
  7. ______of carbohydrates are called polysaccharides
  8. Examples of carbohydrate polysaccharides: starch, glycogen cellulose
  9. ______between molecules is important
  10. Cellulose (structural carbohydrate of plants) and starch (digestible carbohydrate in potatoes and wheat) are both made of repeating units of ______; the difference is the bonds between each glucose monomer
  1. Proteins
  2. ______are the monomers of proteins, which is a polymer
  3. Each amino acid has a central ______with 4 different things attached
  4. A ______on one side
  5. A ______group on one side (-COOH)
  6. A ______group on one side (-NH2)
  7. An “R” group, which is different for each of the ______amino acids
  8. The primary structure is the unique ______of amino acids
  9. A change of one amino acid can make the whole ______non-functional
  10. The disease sickle-cell anemia is caused by one incorrect amino acid in the ______protein
  11. ______structure is the preliminary folding created by hydrogen bonds
  12. Two major shapes are alpha-helices and beta-pleated ______
  13. Tertiary structure is the overall ______of the protein, which is made stable by bonds between sulfur molecules
  14. Quarternary structure is how ______individual protein subunits come together to create a functional protein
  15. Hemoglobin (red blood cells) are composed of _____ protein subunits

  1. Nucleic Acids
  2. Monomers of nucleic acids are called ______
  3. Nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a five-sided sugar and a ______-containing base
  4. There are five different bases: uracil, ______, cytosine, adenine and ______
  5. Nucleic acids store ______information and give directions for making proteins
  6. Polymers of nucleicotides form ______(deoxyribose nucleic acid) and RNA (ribose nucleic acid)