Long-Term Variation of Octocoral Populations in St. John, US Virgin Islands

Long-term variation of octocoral populations in St. John, US Virgin Islands

Elizabeth A. Lenz, Lorenzo Bramanti, Howard R. Lasker, and Peter J. Edmunds

Table S1. Mean (± SE) densities (colonies m-2) of pooled octocorals (a), Antillogorgia spp. (b), Gorgonia spp. (c), and Plexaurids (d) at each of the six surveyed sites in St. John, US Virgin Islands. Sample sizes for all values are 17-20 photoquadratssite-1 from 1992 to 2000, and 40 photoquadrats site-1 from 2000 onwards.

Table S2. Results of mixed model 2-Way ANOVA used to statistically compare densities of octocorals (colonies m-2) among sites and years in St. John, US Virgin Islands.

a. Pooled Octocorals
Source / Type III SS / df / MS / F-Ratio / P-Value
Site / 1,4431.920 / 5 / 2,886.348 / 90.397 / < 0.001
Year / 4,346.412 / 8 / 543.302 / 17.015 / < 0.001
Year x Site / 3,507.289 / 40 / 87.682 / 2.746 / < 0.001
Error / 50,321.576 / 1,576 / 31.93
b. Antillogorgia spp.
Source / SS / df / MS / F-Ratio / P-Value
Site / 238.414 / 5 / 47.683 / 10.313 / < 0.001
Year / 41.524 / 8 / 5.191 / 1.123 / 0.345
Year x Site / 188.300 / 40 / 4.707 / 1.018 / 0.440
Error / 7,282.27 / 1,576 / 4.624
c. Gorgonia spp.
Source / SS / df / MS / F-Ratio / P-Value
Site / 281.871 / 5 / 56.374 / 15.087 / < 0.001
Year / 189.229 / 8 / 23.654 / 6.330 / < 0.001
Year x Site / 295.375 / 40 / 7.384 / 1.976 / < 0.001
Error / 5,885.210 / 1,576 / 3.737
d. Plexaurids
Source / SS / df / MS / F-Ratio / P-Value
Site / 5,375.680 / 5 / 1,075.136 / 81.547 / < 0.001
Year / 1,305.900 / 8 / 163.238 / 12.381 / < 0.001
Year x Site / 1,826.881 / 40 / 45.672 / 3.464 / < 0.001
Error / 2,0778.499 / 1576 / 13.184

Table 3. Summary of 32 studies used to assess the abundance of octocorals on a regional-scale throughout the Caribbean. Columns show author (year of publication), site of survey as described in the article, geographic area of survey and country, year survey was conducted, depth (m), and abundance (colonies m-2). * Indicates when depth of shallow coral reefs was not specified in the reference.

Author and Year / Study Site Name / Location/Country / Year of survey / Depth (m) / Density (colonies m-2)
Kinzie RA III (1973) / Acropora cervicornis / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 15 / 3.75
Rock / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 15 / 10.63
Lagoon / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 1-3 / 2.04
Lagoon / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 1-3 / 2.37
Lagoon / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 1-3 / 2.42
Lagoon / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 1-3 / 1.16
Lagoon / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 1-3 / 1.65
Lagoon / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 1-3 / 1.17
Lagoon / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 1-3 / 1.1
Acropora cervicornis zone 1 / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 20-25 / 1.25
Acropora cervicornis zone 2 / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 20-25 / 1.02
Acropora cervicornis zone 3 / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 20-25 / 1.34
Acropora cervicornis zone 4 / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 20-25 / 2.35
Acropora cervicornis zone 5 / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 10-15 / 2.66
Acropora cervicornis zone 6 / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 10-15 / 0.93
Acropora cervicornis mound A / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 20-25 / 2.21
Acropora cervicornis mound B / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 20-25 / 1.8
Acropora cervicornis mound C / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 20-25 / 2.03
Acropora cervicornis mound D / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1968 / 20-25 / 2.28
Goldberg WM (1973) / Outer reef platform / Boca Raton, Florida / 1973 / 16-20 / 15.2
Patch reefs / Boca Raton, Florida / 1973 / 9 / 34.3
Preston EM, Preston JL (1975) / Gorgonian patch reef complex / Negro Bank, Puerto Rico / 1973 / 15-18 / 5.43
Wahle CM (1985) / Mixed fore reef / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1977 / 7 / 14.6
Rear Zone 1 / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1977 / 1 / 0.3
Rear Zone 2 / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1977 / 1 / 0.6
Terrace fore reef / Discovery Bay, Jamaica / 1977 / 15 / 2.9
Lasker HR, Coffroth MA (1983) / Forereef / Carrie Bow Cay, Belize / 1982 / 10 / 17.44
Forereef ridge / Carrie Bow Cay, Belize / 1982 / 18 / 7.4
Patch reef / Carrie Bow Cay, Belize / 1982 / 3-5 / 5.5
Sand-flat / Carrie Bow Cay, Belize / 1982 / 2-3 / 39.93
Yoshioka PM, Yoshioka BB (1991) / Media luna / Puerto Rico / 1983 / 6.7 / 3.53
San Cristobal / Puerto Rico / 1983 / 10.6 / 11.9
Botero L (1987) / Chengue b / Colombia / 1987 / 9-10 / 1.24
Cinto / Colombia / 1987 / 9-11 / 2.78
Chiappone M, Sullivan KM (1994) / Craig Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 1989 / 2 / 3.6
Fiesta Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 1989 / 2 / 1.5
Dahlgren EJ (1989) / Breaker (Acropora/Millepora) / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1989 / 0.4-1.2 / 1.19
Fore reef 10m / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1989 / 7.5-12.5 / 2.14
Fore reef 15m / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1989 / 12.6-17.5 / 1.82
Fore reef 20m / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1989 / 17.6-22.5 / 2.02
Fore reef 25m / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1989 / 22.6-26 / 1.95
Fore reef 5m / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1989 / 3.6-7.5 / 0.88
Lagoon / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1989 / 0.1-6 / 1.01
Rear reef / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1989 / 1-3 / 0.54
Chiappone M, Sullivan KM (1994) / Craig Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 1990 / 2 / 5.3
Fiesta Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 1990 / 2 / 2.6
Jordan-Dahlgren E (2002) / Alacranes reef / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1991 / * / 2.04
Cayo Arenas reef / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1991 / * / 1.29
Cayos Arcas reef / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1991 / * / 2.39
Chiappone M, Sullivan KM (1994) / Craig Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 1991 / 2 / 5.9
Fiesta Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 1991 / 2 / 0.7
Fish Cay Channel Reef / Turks and Caicos Island / 1991 / 3-4.9 / 1.83
Dahlgren EJ (2002) / Isla Lobos reef group / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1991 / * / 0.03
Triangulos reef group / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1991 / * / 1.73
Tuxpan reef group / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1991 / * / 0.41
Ver-Al reef group / Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico / 1991 / * / 0.4
Sullivan KM et al. (1996) / Ambergris Patch Reef / Turks and Caicos Island / 1991 / 5-6 / 1.22
Leeward Fish Cay Reef / Turks and Caicos Island / 1991 / 0.1-3.9 / 0.67
Admirals Aquarium / Turks and Caicos Island / 1991 / 1-1.5 / 0.03
Ambergris Channel Reef / Turks and Caicos Island / 1991 / 5 / 0.46
Blair SM et al. (1994) / Station A Poststorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 10-12 / 4.67
Station A Prestorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 10-12 / 3.62
Station G poststorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 18-20 / 14.14
Station G prestorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 18-20 / 21.86
Station H poststorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 18-20 / 8.38
Station H prestorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 18-20 / 9.9
Station I poststorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 16-18 / 5.33
Station I prestorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 16-18 / 5.81
Station K poststorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 18-20 / 25.62
Station K prestorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 18-20 / 27.76
Station L poststorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 16-18 / 8.19
Station L prestorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 16-18 / 8.48
Station M poststorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 10-12 / 8.81
Station M prestorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 10-12 / 9.38
Station N poststorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 16-18 / 5.81
Station N prestorm / Dade County, Florida / 1992 / 16-18 / 7.95
Chiappone M, Sullivan KM (1994) / Craig Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 1992 / 2 / 4.9
Fiesta Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 1992 / 2 / 1.4
Lenz EA et al. (2015) / PRS / St. John, USVI / 1992 / 9 / 5.18
Alcolado PM et al. (2008) / Cayos Esquivel A10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 10-11 / 8.33
Cayos Esquivel A20 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 19-20 / 9.29
Cayos Esquivel A5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 4-6 / 4.65
Cayos Fragoso B1 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 1-2 / 6.07
Cayos Fragoso B10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 10-11 / 10.38
Cayos Fragoso B20 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 19-21 / 13.15
Cayos Fragoso B5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 4-5 / 5.56
Cayo Francés C10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 10-11 / 9.91
Cayo Francés C20 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 14-16 / 7.61
Cayo Francés C5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 5-6 / 7.19
Cayo Caimán Grande D1 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 1-2 / 3.23
Cayo Caimán Grande D10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 10 / 3.8
Cayo Caimán Grande D20 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 20 / 2.86
Cayo Caimán Grande D5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 5-6 / 4.83
Oeste de Cayo Guillermo E1 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 1-2 / 1.35
Oeste de Cayo Guillermo E10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 10-11 / 4.5
Oeste de Cayo Guillermo E15 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 14-15 / 3.03
Oeste de Cayo Guillermo E5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 5-6 / 4.25
Cayo Coco F1 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 1-2 / 0.93
Cayo Coco F10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 9-10 / 3.78
Cayo Coco F15 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 12-15 / 4.86
Cayo Coco F5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 5-6 / 5.31
Cayo Paredón G1 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 1-2 / 1.71
Cayo Paredón G10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 10-11 / 3.06
Cayo Paredón G15 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 14-16 / 6.38
Cayo Paredón G5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 5-6 / 3.82
Cayo Confites H1 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 1-2 / 1.74
Cayo Confites H10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 9-10 / 5.61
Cayo Confites H20 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 20 / 5.85
Cayo Confites H5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 5-6 / 5.16
Cayo Guajaba I10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 10-11 / 8.5
Cayo Guajaba I5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 5-6 / 5.94
Cayo Sabinal J10 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 10 / 14.45
Cayo Sabinal J20 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 18-20 / 11.87
Cayo Sabinal J5 / Sabana-Camaguey Archipelago, Cuba / 1994 / 5-6 / 10.28
Lenz EA et al. (2015) / PRS / St. John, USVI / 1994 / 9 / 7.56
Sanchez JA et al. (1997) / Lagoonal patch reefs / Colombia / 1994 / 4-11 / 0.98
Leeward fore-reef terraces / Colombia / 1994 / 10.5-20.5 / 1.06
Windward fore-reef terraces / Colombia / 1994 / 10.5-20.5 / 1.02
UNESCO Unpublished / Bahamas site 2 / San Salvador, Bahamas / 1994 / 1.5 / 0.54
Bahamas site 1 / San Salvador, Bahamas / 1994 / 1.5 / 1.26
Belize site 1 / Carrie Bow Cay, Belize / 1994 / * / 1.04
Belize site 2 / Carrie Bow Cay, Belize / 1994 / 9-12 / 1
Bermuda site 1 / Twin & Hog Breaker Reefs, Bermuda / 1994 / 7-9 / 1.7
Bermuda site 2 / Twin & Hog Breaker Reefs, Bermuda / 1994 / 7-9 / 3.64
Colombia site 1 / Chengue Bay, Colombia / 1994 / 9-12 / 2.4
Colombia site 2 / Chengue Bay, Colombia / 1994 / 9-12 / 0.3
Cuba site 1 / Cayo Coco, Cuba / 1994 / * / 0.63
Cuba site 2 / Cayo Coco, Cuba / 1994 / * / 0.61
Bahamas site 1 / San Salvador, Bahamas / 1995 / 1.5 / 0.48
Bahamas site 2 / San Salvador, Bahamas / 1995 / 1.5 / 0.24
Belize site 1 / Carrie Bow Cay, Belize / 1995 / * / 1.19
Belize site 2 / Carrie Bow Cay, Belize / 1995 / * / 0.68
Cuba site 1 / Cayo Coco, Cuba / 1995 / * / 0.5
Cuba site 2 / Cayo Coco, Cuba / 1995 / * / 0.56
Curacao site 1 / Santa Barbara, Curacao / 1995 / * / 1.28
Curacao site 2 / Santa Barbara, Curacao / 1995 / * / 0.72
Jamaica site 1 / West Forereef, Jamaica / 1995 / * / 0.52
Jamaica site 2 / West Forereef, Jamaica / 1995 / * / 0
Trinidad & Tobago site 1 / Outer and Eastern Buccoo Reefs, Trinidad and Tobago / 1995 / * / 0.3
Trinidad & Tobago site 2 / Outer and Eastern Buccoo Reefs, Trinidad and Tobago / 1995 / * / 0.26
Venezuela site 1 / Isla Margarita, Venezuela / 1995 / * / 2.02
Venezuela site 2 / Isla Margarita, Venezuela / 1995 / * / 0.92
Keck JR (2004) / Fish Den / Roatan, Honduras / 1996 / 12 / 2
Pillar coral / Roatan, Honduras / 1996 / 12 / 2.53
Tuk's treasure / Roatan, Honduras / 1996 / 12 / 2.53
Lybolt M Unpublished / Middle Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 1996 / 11-15 / 11.05
Middle Hardbottom / Florida Keys, Florida / 1996 / 4 / 8.93
Middle Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 1996 / 4-6 / 13.64
Middle Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 1996 / 4-6 / 6.93
Upper Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 1996 / 12-17 / 11.91
Upper-Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 1996 / 1-6 / 11
Upper-Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 1996 / 1-6 / 7.97
Torres M et al. (2001) / La Raya / Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic / 1996 / 15-20 / 2.6
Ruben / Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic / 1996 / 15-20 / 3.3
Dominicus / Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic / 1996 / 15-20 / 3.1
El Toro / Parque Nacional del Este, Dominican Republic / 1996 / 16-20 / 8.5
Yoshioka PM, Yoshioka BB (2005) / Media Luna / Puerto Rico / 1996 / 6.7 / 26.16
San Cristobal / Puerto Rico / 1996 / 10.6 / 27.66
Keck JR (2004) / Fish Den / Roatan, Honduras / 1997 / 12 / 2.73
Pillar coral / Roatan, Honduras / 1997 / 12 / 2.67
Tuk's treasure / Roatan, Honduras / 1997 / 12 / 2.67
Lenz EA et al. (2015) / PRS / St. John, USVI / 1997 / 9 / 4.04
Keck JR (2004) / Fish Den / Roatan, Honduras / 1998 / 12 / 3.07
Pillar coral / Roatan, Honduras / 1998 / 12 / 2.67
Tuk's treasure / Roatan, Honduras / 1998 / 12 / 2.87
Lybolt M Unpublished / Middle Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 1998 / 11-15 / 7.9
Middle Hardbottom / Florida Keys, Florida / 1998 / 4 / 10.1
Middle Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 1998 / 4-7 / 2.6
Middle Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 1998 / 4-6 / 6.98
Upper Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 1998 / 12-17 / 11.48
Upper-Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 1998 / 1-6 / 12.91
Upper-Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 1998 / 3-8 / 8.35
Sanchez JA et al. (1998) / Mid-depth reefs N. lagoon and deep leeward terrace / Providence Island, Colombia / 1998 / 6-22 / 2.88
Shallow and mid-depth mixture / Providence Island, Colombia / 1998 / 1-8 / 4.1
Shallow barrier reef pinacles and spurs / Providence Island, Colombia / 1998 / 1-4 / 0.27
Keck JR (2004) / Fish Den / Roatan, Honduras / 1999 / 12 / 2.67
Pillar coral / Roatan, Honduras / 1999 / 12 / 2.53
Tuk's treasure / Roatan, Honduras / 1999 / 12 / 1.87
Lenz EA et al. (2015) / PRS / St. John, USVI / 1999 / 9 / 4
Lybolt M Unpublished / Middle Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 1999 / 11-15 / 6.56
Middle Hardbottom / Florida Keys, Florida / 1999 / 4 / 7.96
Middle Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 1999 / 4-7 / 9.71
Middle Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 1999 / 4-6 / 7.4
Upper Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 1999 / 12-17 / 11.61
Upper-Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 1999 / 1-6 / 9.79
Upper-Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 1999 / 3-7 / 7.73
Sanchez JA (1999) / Plateau / Baru Island, Colombia / 1999 / 17-18 / 0.49
Slope / Baru Island, Colombia / 1999 / 21-24 / 0.99
Keck JR (2004) / Fish Den / Roatan, Honduras / 2000 / 12 / 2.8
Pillar coral / Roatan, Honduras / 2000 / 12 / 2.73
Tuk's treasure / Roatan, Honduras / 2000 / 12 / 2.4
Chiappone M et al. (2003) / Carysfort Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 8.75
Conch Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 9.28
Davis Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 8.51
Eastern Dry Rocks / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 0.63
Eastern Sambo / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 1.01
Elbow Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 10.15
Fished areas / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 2.83
Fished areas (2) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 7.5-9 / 8.3
Fished areas (3) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 10.01
Fished areas (4) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 8.99
Fished areas (5) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 11.92
Fished areas (6) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 12.62
High-relief spur & groove / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 5.19
Low-relief hard-bottom / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 11.02
Lower Keys Region / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 1.99
Lower Keys Region (2) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 8.99
Middle Keys Region / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 4.3
Middle Keys Region (2) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 10.98
Molasses Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 7.06
No-fishing zones / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 1.06
No-fishing zones (2) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 2.31
No-fishing zones (3) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 8.67
No-fishing zones (4) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 8.89
Sand Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 1.43
Sombrero Key / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 2.31
Upper Keys Region / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 9.25
Upper Keys Region (2) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 12.62
Western Sambo / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 1.18
Chiappone M et al. (2006) / Pickles Reef Control Reef 3 / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 7.5-9 / 7.1
Pickles Reef Control Reef 4 / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 7.5-9 / 4.3
Pickles Reef Experimental Reef 1 / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 7.5-9 / 3.88
Pickles Reef Experimental Reef 2 / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 7.5-9 / 8.5
Fernandez LH et al. (2011) / Reef crest / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 2-4 / 4.11
Shallow forereef (9-15m) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2001 / 1-15 / 7.87
Keck JR (2004) / Fish Den / Roatan, Honduras / 2001 / 12 / 2.8
Pillar coral / Roatan, Honduras / 2001 / 12 / 2.93
Tuk's treasure / Roatan, Honduras / 2001 / 12 / 2.53
Chiappone M (2006) / Carysfort Reef SPA* / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 7.62-7.92 / 5.38
Keck JR (2004) / Fish Den / Roatan, Honduras / 2002 / 12 / 2.93
Pillar coral / Roatan, Honduras / 2002 / 12 / 3
Tuk's treasure / Roatan, Honduras / 2002 / 12 / 3.8
Lenz EA et al. (2015) / PRS / St. John, USVI / 2002 / 9 / 3.5
Lybolt M Unpublished / Upper Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 12-17 / 16.04
Middle Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 11-15 / 7.27
Middle Hardbottom / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 4 / 11.19
Middle Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 4-7 / 11.24
Middle Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 4-6 / 9.9
Upper-Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 1-6 / 10.96
Upper-Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 3-8 / 9.1
Miller SL et al. (2006) / Carysfort Reef SPA* / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 16.76-18.90 / 14.06
Ajax Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 6.10-7.32 / 14.81
Between Molasses & French Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 10.97-11.89 / 10.13
Between Star and Triumph Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 10.97-12.50 / 10.69
Between Star and Triumph Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 15 / 4.69
Bird Key Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 11.89-14.63 / 31.92
Coal Bin (East of Cogsrove Shoal) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 16.76-17.37 / 23
Conch Reef Research Only* / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 14.33-15.54 / 19.81
Cosgrove Shoal / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 19.81-21.94 / 12.88
Dixie Showl / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 14.63-15.85 / 10.56
Dry Tortugas National Park / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 12.80-13.72 / 21.94
Dry Tortugas National Park / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 14.33-14.94 / 8.19
Dry Tortugas National Park / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 14.33-14.94 / 25.33
Dry Tortugas National Park / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 15.85-17.37 / 26.83
East of Pelican Shoal / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 11.89-13.41 / 10.25
Inshore and SW of Pacific Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 8.23-10.36 / 19.88
Inshore of Pacific Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 10.06-10.97 / 11
Ledberry Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 14.63-15.24 / 15.06
Molasses Reef** / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 15.85-18.59 / 10.56
North Dixie Shoal / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 14.63-15.85 / 9.75
North of Ajax Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 7.01-8.84 / 10.94
North of Fowey Rocks / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 10.67-11.58 / 10.88
Offshore Pacific Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 15.85-17.68 / 27.85
Seaward of Watson's Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 10.36-10.97 / 16.13
South of Fowey Rocks / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 15.54-19.20 / 27.19
Southern DTNP (just outside park) / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 17.37 / 19.17
Southwest of Brewster Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 5.18-6.10 / 9.56
Southwest of Pacific Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 11.89 / 17.1
Star Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 11.28-12.19 / 11
West of West Washerwoman / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 6.10-7.62 / 11.44
West Washerwoman Shoal / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 5.18-7.01 / 27.88
French Reef** / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 16.46-19.51 / 6.13
East of Biscayne Bay / Florida Keys, Florida / 2002 / 8.84-10.36 / 8.94
Keck JR (2004) / Fish Den / Roatan, Honduras / 2003 / 12 / 2.93
Pillar coral / Roatan, Honduras / 2003 / 12 / 3.27
Tuk's treasure / Roatan, Honduras / 2003 / 12 / 5.33
Kuffner IB et al. (2010) / November / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 3.71 / 28.3
Bravo / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 3.69 / 30.5
Delta / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 4.13 / 23
Echo / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 4.48 / 29
Golf / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 4.71 / 41.8
Hotel / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 4.37 / 23.5
India / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 3.86 / 34.3
Juliet / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 4.59 / 40
Kilo / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 4.07 / 29.3
Lima / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 5.33 / 37.9
Oscar / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 4.28 / 29.8
Papa / Biscayne Bay, Florida / 2003 / 5.46 / 36.5
Sánchez JA et al. (2005) / Cluster A / Quitasueño, Colombia / 2003 / 12-18 / 2.19
Cluster B / Quitasueño, Colombia / 2003 / 12-18 / 2.96
Cluster A / Serrana Bank, Colombia / 2003 / 1.5-3; one at 15 / 1.78
Cluster B / Serrana Bank, Colombia / 2003 / 1.5-3; one at 15 / 0.15
Cluster C / Serrana Bank, Colombia / 2003 / 1.5-3; one at 15 / 0.66
Cluster D / Serrana Bank, Colombia / 2003 / 24 / 3.50
Cluster E / Serrana Bank, Colombia / 2003 / 7-12 / 2.21
Cluster A / Roncador, Colombia / 2003 / 1.8-3 / 4.55
Cluster B / Roncador, Colombia / 2003 / 22-28 / 5.73
Cluster C / Roncador, Colombia / 2003 / 6-16 / 11.26
Lenz EA et al. (2015) / PRS / St. John, USVI / 2004 / 9 / 4.25
Etnoyer PJ et al. (2010) / Fore-reef A12 / Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles / 2007 / 11-20 / 4.19
Fore-reef A7 / Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles / 2007 / 11-20 / 3.55
Fore-reef CV1 / Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles / 2007 / 11-20 / 4.77
Fore-reef CV2 / Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles / 2007 / 11-20 / 4.64
Plateau D9 / Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles / 2007 / >20 / 1.5
Plateau E3 / Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles / 2007 / >20 / 0.18
Plateau E4 / Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles / 2007 / >20 / 0.46
Plateau Void / Saba Bank, Netherland Antilles / 2007 / >20 / 0.18
Lenz EA et al. (2015) / PRS / St. John, USVI / 2007 / 9 / 5.73
Lenz EA et al. (2015) / PRS / St. John, USVI / 2009 / 9 / 7.23
Espinosa YO et al. (2010) / Aguadores este / Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba / 2009 / 12-17 / 7.17
Aguadores oeste / Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba / 2009 / 12-17 / 7.58
El Magnel / Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba / 2009 / 12-17 / 3.58
Juticí / Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba / 2009 / 12-17 / 4.19
Sardinero este / Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba / 2009 / 12-17 / 4.59
Sarinero oeste / Reserva Ecológica Siboney-Juticí, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba / 2009 / 12-17 / 4.54
CREMP Unpublished / Admiral / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 2.83
Carysfort Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / 10-20 / 9.23
Carysfort Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 6.45
Cliff Green / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 7
Dustan Rocks / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 3.73
Loggerhead Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 8.74
Porter Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 7.35
Sand Key Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / 10-20 / 0.15
Sand Key Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 6.56
Temptation Rock / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 3.08
Texas Rock / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 0.3
The Maze / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 2.53
West Turtle Shoal / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 6.2
West Washer Women / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 3.58
Western Sambo Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / 10-20 / 12.83
Western Sambo Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 7.18
White Shoal / Florida Keys, Florida / 2011 / < 7 / 2.3
Admiral / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 12.43
Bird Key Reef / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 11.38
Black Coral Rock / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / 10-20 / 10.03
Carysfort Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / 10-20 / 16.08
Carysfort Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 11.28
Cliff Green / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 7.45
Dustan Rocks / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 6.25
Loggerhead Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 0.6
Mayer's Peak / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 14.28
Palmata Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 1.52
Porter Patch / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 10.43
Sand Key Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / 10-20 / 13.08
Sand Key Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 7.33
Sombrero Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / 10-20 / 9.85
Temptation Rock / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 3.2
Tennessee Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / 10-20 / 14.07
Texas Rock / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 0.25
The Maze / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 4.08
West Turtle Shoal / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 8.25
West Washer Women / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 4.88
Western Sambo Deep / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / 10-20 / 11.28
Western Sambo Shallow / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 6.65
White Shoal / Florida Keys, Florida / 2012 / < 7 / 2.28
Lenz EA et al. (2015) / Booby Rock / St. John, USVI / 2012 / 9 / 17.2
PRS / St. John, USVI / 2012 / 9 / 7.97
Booby Rock / St. John, USVI / 2013 / 9 / 21.65
PRS / St. John, USVI / 2013 / 9 / 8.6

References

Alcolado PM, García-Parrado P, Hernández-Muñoz D (2008) Estructura y composición de las

comunidades de gorgonias de los arrecifes del Archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey, Cuba:

conectividad y factores determinantes. Bol Investig Mar Cost 37:11-29