Lesson Plan for Microscope Lab

Instructor’s Name: Khady Guiro

Course Title: Anatomy and Physiology

Chapter: 3

Topic: The Cell

Grade Level: 12

Instructional Objectives:

  1. To learn the parts of the microscope.
  2. To find specimens using low and high power.
  3. To view your own human cheek cells under the microscope.
  4. To compare plant and animal cells.

Inclusion:In this activity, students will demonstrate their ability to use a microscope through the following procedures: preparing a slide, focusing on a slide under the microscope at both low and high power. This task assesses students' abilities to use scientific equipment appropriately andrecord accurate measurements.

Key Points:

The following microscope parts and their uses will be reviewed with the students to acquaint them with their function.

  1. ocular/eyepiece
  2. nosepiece
  3. low power objective lens - 10x and/or color band
  4. high power objective lens - 40x and/or color band
  5. coarse adjustment
  6. fine adjustment
  7. light source and its switch

The basic technique for focusing a specimen under both low and high power will be discussed to prevent possible damage to the microscope. Students will be reminded that only the fine adjustment should be used on high power to sharpen the image.

Do Now Question :

What are the different types of microscopes?

How does a microscope work?

How does it allow us to view the specimen?

Rationale:

Cells have particular structures that underlie their functions. Every cell is surrounded by a membrane that separates it from the outside world. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules which form a variety of specialized structures that carry out such cell functions as energy production, transport of molecules, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules, and the storage of genetic material.In this activity, students will demonstrate their ability to use a microscope through four procedures: preparing a slide, focusing on a slide under the microscope at both low and high power. This task assesses students' abilities to use scientific equipment appropriately and record accurate measurements.Microscopes give you a view of the world quite unlike that of your naked eye. In this lab we will also get the opportunity to use microscopes to look at some common objects and see how they differ from what you see with your naked eye.

Introduction:

Cells are the fundamental unit of life. They are the simplest organism unit capable of independent existence. All living things are made up of cells.

Each part of the cell serves a distinct purpose.

Cell wall: Portion of the cell which gives it structure. Plants have thick cell walls to strengthen the plant stem.

Nucleus: Control center for heredity and cell division

Cytoplasm: A clear liquid where most of the cells life functions occur.

Vacuole: Waste product storage location for the cell.

Guided Practice:

Procedure: Part 1- The letter “e”

1. Cut out the letter “e” and place it on the slide face up.

2. Add a drop of water to the slide.

4. Place the slide on the stage and view in low power (4x). Center the “e” in your field of view. Draw what you see in Figure 1.

5. Move the slide to the left, what happens? Move the slide to the right, what happens? Up? Down?

6. View the specimen in high power (10x). Use the fine adjustment only to focus.

Draw what you see in Figure 2.

Data: Part 1- The letter “e”

Figure 1: Drawing of the letter “e” in low power (4x).

Figure 2: Drawing of the letter “e” in high power (10x)

Analysis:

1. How does the letter “e” as seen through the microscope differ from the way an “e” normally appears?

2. When you move the slide to the left, in what direction does the letter “e” appear to move? When you move it to the right? Up? Down?

3. How does the ink appear under the microscope compared to normal view?

4. Why does a specimen placed under the microscope have to be thin?

Lab Procedures: Examining variety of cell types

A)Hairs

  1. View the human hair slide and compare with hair from rabbit, mink, muskrat, seal and lamb.

Analysis:

  1. Draw and describe what you see under 10X
  1. Draw and describe what you see under 40X
  2. Does the human hair look exactly like the hair from rabbit, mink, muskrat, seal and lamb? Explain
  1. Which type of hair is straighter? Which type of hair is less straight?

B)Generalized cells

  1. Compare and contrast the generalized plant cell, generalized animal cell, and bacteria cell. Clearly label which one is which.

Analysis:

  1. What does each cell type have in common? Explain
  1. What makes each cell type different? Explain
  1. Is the bacteria cell more similar to the animal cell or more similar to the plant cell? Give your reasons.

C)Blood smears comparisons

  1. Comparing cat blood to sheep blood

Describe what you see.

  1. Comparing human blood to reptile blood

Describe what you see.

  1. Comparing fish blood to bird blood

Describe what you see.

  1. Comparing frog blood to bovine blood

Describe what you see

Analysis: Clearly Explain

  1. How does the cat blood look compared to the sheep blood?
  1. How does the reptile blood look compared to the human blood?
  1. How does the bird blood look compared to the fish blood?
  1. How does the frog blood look compared to the bovine blood?
  1. How does the sheep blood look compared to the bovine blood?
  1. How does the frog blood look compared to the fish blood?

D)Cheek cells and Frog skin comparisons

View slides and draw what you see.

Analysis:

  1. How does the frog skin tissue look compared to the check cells? Explain why.

E)Raw and cooked meat comparison

View and draw what you see.

Analysis:

  1. Describe the similarities between the raw meat and cooked meat?
  1. Describe the differences between the raw and cooked meat?