Lenin & Stalin
Lenin Rules Russia
Leaving WWI
Once in power, Lenin signed a peace treaty with ______that withdrew Russia from WWI, and briefly gave Germany vast amounts of Russian ______.
Russian Civil War
The Russian Civil War (1918 – 1921) was between the Communists (______), and those loyal to the Czar (______), who wanted to keep their ______.
To crush the Whites, Lenin ordered the ______of the Czar and his family. Soon after, ______led the Red army to victory.
One Party Government
Instead of giving the people power, Lenin ruled as a ______.
The ______party became the only party, and the ______, Lenin’s secret police, violently enforced his will.
Just like the Czars before him, anyone who opposed Lenin was ______.
Russian Economy
Just as promised, Lenin’s communist government took over all the means of ______: factories, banks, mines, railroads, farms, and shops.
Lenin’s communism was an economic ______. Since peasants knew their products would just be ______by the state, output across the country fell, and there was a great ______.
To fix the economy Lenin introduced his New ______Policy, which kept the government in control of banks and large industries but allowed ______ownership of ______businesses.
Also, peasants would be allowed to privately ______a small plot of land and sell their surplus crops for profit. This addition of ______saved the economy, and the standard of ______rose.
The Soviet Union
By 1922, Lenin’s new government brought much of the Czar’s old Russian Empire under its rule as the ______, or USSR.
The Soviet Union was made up of diverse peoples with ______, the largest republic, controlling the other states.
Power Struggle
Lenin’s death in 1922 caused a ______between Red Army leader Leon Trotsky and Joseph ______, another popular young Communist leader.
Stalin won the power struggle, and to solidify his power he ______Trotsky from the Soviet Union in 1929.
In 1940 Stalin sent an assassin to find and kill Trotsky. The assassin entered Trotsky’s home in Mexico and murdered him with an ______.
Stalin’s Soviet Union
Reign of Terror
Stalin set up a ______state to maintain his power, and ruled through terror and brutality.
Totalitarianism - when a dictator regulates every aspect of citizens’ lives.
______replaced religion in the USSR. Christians and Jews were killed or exiled, churches were ______or turned into offices, and the ______was illegal.
Portraits of Lenin and Stalin replaced religious ______, and schools were told to teach against the belief in ______.
In the 1930s Stalin launched several ______in which thousands were accused of crimes against the government.
Those accused were given public ______in Moscow, and then executed or sent to forced labor camps known as ______, where few survived.
Historians estimate that during Stalin’s reign somewhere between ______million people died in the Gulags.
Five-Year Plans
Stalin’s main goal was to rapidly change the USSR from an agricultural to a modern ______power. To do this he introduced a series of goals called ______.
Stalin put all economic decisions under ______control, giving the Soviet Union a ______economy.
______industries such as oil, steel, coal, railroads, mining, hydroelectric plants and the military were developed, while ______goods were ignored. Though the standard of living remained low, Stalin successfully ______the USSR.
Collectivization
To raise money and increase farm production ______, Stalin forced peasants off their small privately owned farms and onto ______.
Collectives - large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group.
Most peasants were ______collectivization, but Stalin had those who opposed him shot or sent to the gulags.
Some peasants ______by growing just enough grain to feed themselves, so Stalin ordered the army take all of their grain.
Around 8 million died in Stalin’s ______famine in the Ukraine, the Soviet Union’s “bread basket.”
Artistic Censorship
Stalin glorified his part in building the nation, and ______artists by forcing them to create only positive images of him and life in the Soviet Union.
______- artistic style showing soviet life, history, and Stalin in a positive light.
3