Plants – Part 1

Land plants evolved from 

  • Plants and green algae have many common traits:
  • Both are 
  • Both have the same types of 
  • Both use 
  • Both have 
  • Genetic analysis points to the common ancestor of all plants 
  • Modern charophyceans are common in 
  • Important plant characteristics likely originated in charophyceans:
  • Multicellular body allowing for 
  • Cell division that allows for 
  • Reproduction involving 

Plants have adaptations that allow them to 

  • Retaining moisture:
  • A cuticle allows plants to 
  • It is a 
  • It 
  • Stomata are 
  • They can open and close to 
  • They all air to 
  • Transporting resources:
  • Vascular system:
  • Collection of 
  • Brings water & mineral nutrients 
  • Disperses 
  • Allows plants to grow 
  • Growing upright:
  • Plant height is limited by 
  • Support comes from a material called 
  • Hardens 
  • Provides 
  • Reproducing on land:
  • Pollen grains allow for 
  • Pollen grains contain a 
  • Pollen can be carried by 
  • A seed is a 
  • Seed coats protect embryos from 
  • Embryo develops when 

Vascular plants – have vascular tissue – a system of interconnected tubes and vessels to transport food and water

Nonvascular plants – lack vascular tissue – materials are transported by 

Vascular plants have vascular tissue – true roots, stems, and leaves

  • xylem –
  • phloem –

Plants can be classified into 

Mosses and their relatives are 

  • Nonvascular plants 
  • Seedless plants 
  • Liverworts belongto the 
  • Often grow on 
  • Can be 
  • Hornworts belong to the 
  • Found in 
  • They have a 
  • Mosses belong to the 
  • Most common 
  • Sphagnum moss is commonly used by humans as 

Club mosses and ferns are 

  • A vascular system allows club mosses and ferns to 
  • Both need 
  • Club mosses belong to the 
  • They are not 
  • They are the 
  • Ferns and their relatives belong to the 
  • Whisk ferns and horsetails are 
  • Ferns have large leavescalled 

Seed plants include 

  • Seed plants have several advantages over their 
  • They can 
  • Pollination occurs when
  • Seeds nourish and protect the 
  • Seeds allow plants to 
  • Gymnosperms do not have 
  • Most gymnosperms are 
  • The cone is the 
  • Pollen is produced in 
  • Eggs are produced in 
  • Seeds develop on 
  • Cycads are gymnosperms in the 
  • They look like 
  • Grow in 
  • Ginkgos are gymnosperms in the 
  • Only one species alive today 
  • Grown in 
  • Conifers are gymnosperms in the phylum 
  • Most common gymnosperms 
  • Include 
  • Angiosperms have 
  • A flower is the 
  • A fruit is a 
  • Angiosperms or flowering plants belong to the 
  • Botanists classify flowering plants into two groups based on 
  • A cotyledon is an 
  • Monocots have a 
  • Leaf veins are usually 
  • Flower parts usually are in 
  • Bundles of vascular tissue are 
  • Dicots have 
  • Leaf veins are usually 
  • Flower parts are usually in 
  • Bundles of vascular tissue are 

Flowering plants are also categorized by 

  • Stem type can be 
  • Wood has 
  • Woody stems are 
  • Herbaceous plants do not 

There are 3 types of plant 

  • Annuals 
  • Biennials 
  • Perennials 