Global Studies Name

China Review

Map

Label the following on the map using the appropriate number or letter.

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Countries

A. China

B. Taiwan

C. N. Korea

D. S. Korea

E. Japan

F. Mongolia

G. Russia

Regions

I. North China

II. South China

III. Northeast (Manchuria)

IV. Tibet

Bodies of Water

1. East China Sea

2. Sea of Japan

3. South China Sea

4. Yellow Sea

5. Taiwan Strait

6. Chang

7. Huang

Deserts

AA. Gobi

BB. Taklimakan

Cities

a. Beijing

b. Shanghai

c. Hong Kong

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Geography & General Information

Size in Relation to United States / Same size
Capital City / Beijing
Description of Eastern Topography / Eastern 1/3 of the country is low-lying, fertile land also known as the bread basket; most of China’s population lives here
Description of Western Topography / Mountainous and deserts
Huang (Other Name) / Yellow River
Chang (Other Name) / Yangtze River
Total Population / 1.2 billion
Largest Ethnic Group / Han

Traditional China

Middle Kingdom / Name the Chinese have for their country; it reflects their high view of their own culture
Mandate of Heaven / Belief that the power of the emperor comes from the heavens
Scholar Elite / Education allowed people to move up in society
Gentry / Land owners
Peasants / Majority of the people owned very small plots of land and were subsistence farmers

Religion/Philosophy

Confucianism (General Description) / Founded by Confucius, it is a code of behavior based on the superior-inferior relationships; it emphasizes education –the superior teachers the inferior and the inferior honors and obeys the superior
Filial Piety / Respect for parents
Analects / Book of Confucius’ teachings
Taoism
(General Description) / Emphasizes living in harmony with nature; its symbol is the yin yang
Lao Tzu / Most famous Taoist philosopher
Tao Te Ching / Writings of Taoism supposedly authored by Lao Tzu
Tao / the way of nature
Yin/Yang / Symbol of Taoism
Ch’I / the energy in living things
Buddhism
(General Description) / the four noble truths and the eightfold path are followed to end suffering; it emphasizes living life the Middle Way; its symbol is an eight-spoke wheel
Siddhartha Guatama / Prince in ancient Nepal, he set out to end suffering and as a result established Buddhism; Buddha means, “enlightened one”
Four Noble Truths / 1.  Everyone suffers; 2. Want/desire causes suffering; 3. If you end want, you will end suffering; and 4. To end want, you need to follow the Eightfold Path
Middle Way / Living life in the middle, avoiding extremes; according to Buddhism, if you live this way, you will not want anything and will end suffering
Legalism
(General Description) / The philosophy that believes that people should be kept in line with strict rewards and punishments

Dynasties

First Emperor’s Dynasty / Qin (Chin) declared himself the first emperor of China after uniting it; standardized measurements and language
First Emperor’s Construction Projects / First Great Wall, terracotta soldiers that guarded his tomb
Golden Age Dynasties / Occurred during the Tang and Song dynasties, it was a period of prosperity and peace
Barbarian Invaders / Hun and Mongols
Name of Imperial Palace / Forbidden City
Name and Origin of Last Dynasty / Qing (a.k.a. Manchu) invaded China from the north (Manchuria) and established a dynasty

Last Dynasty

Opium War / British wanted to balance trade with China so it sold opium (addictive) to China, when the Chinese destroyed opium, Britain declared war
Treaty of Nanking / Ended the opium War; China had to pay money to Britain, give up Hong Kong, allow foreign countries to establish spheres of influence
Hong Kong / British gained control of Hong Kong after losing Opium War; it remained under British control until 1997
Spheres of Influence / Areas within a country where foreign countries have economic, political, or cultural control (not a colony)
Taiping Rebellion / Attempt to get foreigners out of China, this rebellion was unsuccessful and only caused more foreign influence in China
Boxer Rebellion / Another attempt to get foreigners out of China, this rebellion was unsuccessful and only caused more foreign influence in China
Ci Xi / A.k.a. Empress Dowager, she opposed reforms, as a result, the people got more angry and began the Boxer Rebellion
Pu Yi / Last emperor of China

Republican China

Republican Revolution / The emperor was overthrown and a constitution established a republic
Sun Yatsen / Leader of the Republican Revolution; he was the first president of China
Sun’s 3 Principles of the People / 1. democracy, 2. nationalism, 3. livelihood

Revolutionary China

Nationalists / After years of chaos and warlords, this group tried to re-establish the republic created by Sun
Chiang Kai-shek / Led the Nationalists
Communists / After years of chaos and warlords, and poor conditions for most of the people, this group wanted to establish a communist country
Mao Zedong / Led the Communists
Long March / The Nationalists tried to push the Communists out of China, but the Communists regrouped, turned the tides, and pushed the Nationalists out
Rape of Nanking / Horrible and violent attack by the Japanese on the Chinese city of Nanking during World War II
Karl Marx / German philosopher that created Marxism/communism
Proletariat / Working class/factory workers that, according to Marx, would rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie

China Under Mao

Totalitarian State / When the government has total control over the people’s lives
Propaganda / information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
Great Leap Forward / Mao’s attempt to modernize China quickly; this plan was a failure – China did not modernize and many starved to death
Collectives & Communes / People pooling their resources together to try to increase production
Cultural Revolution / Mao’s attempt to revitalize the communist spirit and get the young people involved; it was a failure – many were jailed or even killed
Red Guard / Youth the

China After Mao

Deng Xiaoping / Leader of China after Mao; moderate; introduced reforms that moved China closer to a capitalist economy
Tiananmen Square Uprising / Students organize a demonstration in Tiananmen Square (Beijing) to demand more democracy/freedom of speech; the government reacted violently

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