Lab Practical 2 Review for 3.19.12
Format:
10-15 slides (2 min each)
20-25 multiple choice
1 Draw and label picture
4 out of 5 short answer
Stems:
Be able to label internal tissues and tissue systems that make up the primary growth of stems. Look over the images in your manuals, as these will surely be represented during the practical.
I will ask you where different tissue systems originate, and what their primary functions are.
What are the differences between the xylem and phloem?
How is the vasculature of stems arranged?
What types of cells are they made of?
And what are the functions of each cell type and the overall tissue systems?
What are the meristematic tissues of the stem?
Where are they located?
What tissues are derived from these meristematic regions?
Where do the secondary xylem and phloem come from?
What is the order of primary and secondary xylem and phloem from the innermost tissues to the outside of the stem?
Roots:
How many different types of roots are there?
What is the difference between taproots and fibrous roots?
Be able to label internal tissues and tissue systems that make up the growth of roots (both primary AND secondary).
Look over the images in your manuals, as these will surely be represented during the practical.
What is the function of root hairs?
What tissue are they derived from?
Where do they occur relative to the root tip? (i.e. in what “zone” or “region”?)
How is the vasculature of roots arranged?
What is the order of tissues in the root?
What is the endoderm? What special features does it possess? (i.e. Casparian strip...)
What is the pericycle?
What tissue gives rise to the lateral roots?
What is the difference between lateral roots and root hairs?
Be able to tell the age of a root from the annual ring patterns.
How are the outer tissue layers of the root organized?
Leaves:
Be able to distinguish between monocots and dicots, between palmate and pinnate venation, between compound and simple leaves, and between complete and incomplete leaves.
Be able to label internal tissues and tissue systems that make up the leaves.
Look over the images in your manuals, as these will surely be represented during the practical.
What are the internal tissues of the leaf?
Differences between palisade versus spongy mesophyll?
What are the differences in leaf structure between xerophytes and hydrophytes relative to mesophytes? Consider both stomatal organization, epidermal layers, and internal tissues.
Movement of Substances in/out of cells:
What is diffusion?
What is a hypertonic solution? An isotonic solution? A hypotonic solution?
What is water potential? How does it relate to osmosis?
Be able to describe how water molecules will move dependent on water potentials.
Be able to determine which of two solutions has the lower or higher water potential.
Transpiration and Transport:
What is transpiration? Why does a plant perform this process?
What factors affect the rate of transpiration? Do these factors increase or decrease water loss?
What are the properties of water relevant to transpiration?
Know why you observed the results you did in the food coloring and flower experiment.
Plant Signaling:
What is the mechanism that controls the opening and closing of stomata? (i.e. the role of electrical potentials and ion channels?)
Which hormone is involved in this process during a drought stress response?
How does light affect the opening and closing of stomata?
What is apical dominance?
Which hormone is responsible for this phenomenon?
Which hormone is responsible for the growth of adventitious roots? What type of tissue gives rise to these types of roots?
Which hormone plays the primary role in fruit ripening?
What two hormones act antagonistically to influence seed germination?