KS3 Physics Revision Questions 1 - Forces, Motion, Pressure, the Earth and Beyond

KS3 Physics revision questions 1 - Forces, Motion, Pressure, The Earth and beyond

Answers L4 – 8

Level 4

1. (a) • 2 (L3)

if all three lines are correct, award two marks

if one or two lines are correct, award one mark

if more than one line is drawn from any part of the solar system, award no credit for that part

(b) • 2 (L3)

Sun / Mercury / Venus / Earth / Mars / Jupiter / Saturn / Uranus / Neptune

award one mark for the Sun in the correct position

award one mark for both Earth and Neptune in the correct positions

• weather forecasting

accept ‘weather’

• communications

accept ‘phone’ or ‘fax’

• telescopes

• global positioning system

accept ‘GPS’

• TV

• spying

accept ‘taking photographs’

• internet

(ii) • gravity 1 (L4)

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

[6]

2. (a) 3 (L3)

if more than one line is drawn from any oneforce award no mark for that force

(b) 800 1 (L4)

accept ‘80 x 10’

· it weighed more

· the mass was greater accept ‘it was heavier’

· it weighed less at the end accept ‘it only weighed 130 at the end’

accept ‘there was more food or fuel orsupplies’

accept ‘more pressure’

(d) any one from 1 (L4)

· they spread out the weight accept ‘they do not sink into the snow’

accept ‘wheels sink’

· they have a bigger surface or area

· they can slide easily

accept ‘they reduce the pressure’

accept ‘less friction’

‘they are bigger’ is insufficient
‘it can slide’ is insufficient

(e) any one from 1 (L4)

· there is a bigger surface or area

· there is a bigger force

· it catches more air or wind

do not accept ‘there is more air resistance’

[7]

3. (a) The Moon is nearer to the if more than one box is ticked, 1 (L4)
Earth than the Sun is award no mark

(b) (i) 11.16 accept any number from 11.15 to 11.17 1 (L3)

(ii) it decreased or went down 1 (L4)

because the Moon blocked the accept ‘there was no sunlight to give heat’
Sun’s heat or rays or radiation

accept ‘there was no Sun to make it warm’

accept ‘there was no heat from the Sun’

accept ‘there was no Sun’

both the answer and the reason are required for the mark

do not accept ‘it blocked the Sun’s light’

[3]

4. (a) (i) four arrows, all towards the centre of the Earth 1 (L4)

all four arrows, correctly drawn, are required for the mark

the arrows may be drawn outside the Earth

(ii) ball hanging towards the centre of the Earth at B, C and D 1 (L4)

all three positions, B, C and D, are required for the mark

(b) (i) 365 days accept ‘365’ 1 (L3)

(ii) 24 hours accept ‘24’ 1 (L3)

[4]

5. (a) (i) A 1 (L3)

(ii) D 1 (L3)

(iii) E 1 (L4)

(iv) G 1 (L4)

accept ‘Jupiter’

(b) (i) a bar drawn to 12 N/kg 1 (L4)

the top of the bar must be in the middlethirdbetween 10 and 15

(ii) any one from 1 (L4)

· Jupiter

· Saturn

· Neptune

(iii) Jupiter 1 (L4)

[7]

6. (a) (i) ice skate accept ‘skate’ 1 (L3)

(ii) Tom’s weight on the footwear 1 (L3)

if more than one box is ticked, award no mark

(b) any one from 1 (L3)

· they do not sink in

· they have a big surface accept ‘they are wide’ or ‘they are big’

accept ‘they spread out your weight’

do not accept ‘you won’t get your feet stuck in the snow’

accept ‘they reduce the pressure’

do not accept ‘they spread out your pressure’

[4]

7. (a) any suitable independent variable such as 1 (L4)

· the surface

· the angle of the slope

· the kind of object

· the size of the push

accept specific variations in objects, such as, ‘weight’ or ‘mass’ or ‘surface area’ or ‘type of trainer sole’ or ‘type of shoe’

(b) any suitable dependent variable such as 1 (L4)

· the distance travelled

· the time to move down the ramp

· the force needed to start the object moving

· the angle of the ramp at which the object starts moving

accept ‘the time to reach a given point’

accept ‘angle or height of ramp’

accept ‘speed’

a dependent variable (DV) without an independent variable (IV) can gain credit

any appropriate equipment to measure the dependent variable such as 1 (L4)

· ruler or metre rule

· stopwatch or timer or light gates

· newton meter

· protractor

accept ‘tape measure’

accept ‘clock’

do not accept a measurement strategy ifaDVisnot given or is incorrect

· the object used

· the angle of the slope

· the surface used

· the height of the ramp

· the length of the ramp accept ‘distance travelled’

only give credit for a control variable which does not conflict with the suggested investigation

[4]

Level 5

8. (a) they reflect or scatter light accept ‘light reflects off it’ 1 (L5)

or ‘light reflects on it’

do not accept ‘light reflects onto it’ or ‘light shines on them’

from the Sun 1 (L5)

(b) it goes into the shadow of the Earth accept ‘it is eclipsed’ or ‘it is not in the 1 (L6)

sunlight’ or ‘it is no longer reflecting the sunlight’

accept ‘it goes into the shadow of the Moon’ or ‘it goes in front of the Moon’

do not accept ‘it goes behind the Moon’
or ‘the Moon gets in the way’
or ‘the satellite tumbles’

· weather forecasting

· navigation or position finding

· communications

accept ‘satellite TV’ or ‘TV’ or ‘telephone’ or ‘radio’

· astronomy or looking at the stars

· to take pictures of the Earth

accept ‘spying’ or ‘surveillance’ or ‘to see changes in the environment or in land-use’

accept ‘for defence’ or ‘as weapons’

[4]

9. (a) (i) C 1 (L5)
it is the closest to the Sun accept ‘it is closer or close’

both the letter and the correct explanation are required for the mark

(ii) an arrow from each of the points A, B, C and D towards the Sun 1 (L5)

all four arrows are required for the mark

(iii) A 1 (L6)
it is furthest from the Sun or the effect of the Sun’s gravity is weakest

accept ‘it is further or far away’

accept ‘gravity is low or lower’

both the letter and the correct explanation are required for the mark

(b) (i) a number greater than 2870 and smaller than 5900 1 (L5)

(ii) the further away the lower the temperature 1 (L5)

accept the converse

accept ‘the further away the colder it is’

(iii) any one from 1 (L6)

· planets further away receive less energy or heat

accept ‘light’ for energy

do not accept ‘the Sun’s heat cannot
reach heat planets that are far away’

· energy from the Sun spreads out

accept ‘the Sun’s rays are weaker or notasstrong’

‘the Sun is weaker’ is insufficient

· less heat reaches the planets that are further away

[6]

10. (a) (i) it is between 20 g and accept a number greater than 20 and 1 (L5)
40 g less than 40

‘more than 20’ or ‘less than 40’ are insufficient

(ii) any one from 1 (L5)

· cut a slot between 20 accept ‘add a mark for 30’
and 40

· cut more slots accept ‘add more weights’

award a mark for an answer referring to cutting a slot for any mass between
20 g and 40 g

(b) (i) any one from 1 (L6)

· it is on the wrong side accept ‘it is past the pivot line’
of the pivot

award a mark for an answer indicating that it is on the wrong side of the pivot

· it would not make the accept ‘the scale is supported on this side’
scale tip accept ‘it does not produce a clockwise moment’

do not accept ‘because the cardboard would tilt the other way’
‘it would not work’ is insufficient

(ii) a line drawn between the 40 g and 100 g slots 1 (L5)

accept answers which clearly indicate the correct position on the diagram
the line must not touch the slots for 40 g or 100 g

[4]

11. 4 (L5)

if more than one line is drawn from an observation, award no mark for that observation

[4]

12. (a) any one from 1 (L5)

· Mercury

· Venus

· Earth

(b) it rotates on its axis accept ‘it spins’ or ‘it turns on its axis’ 1 (L5)

or ‘it rotates’ or ‘it turns’
accept ‘it spins as it goes round the Sun’
do not accept ‘it spins and it goes roundtheSun’
do not accept ‘it goes round or movesround’

accept ‘sometimes one pole is closer to the Sun and sometimes the other is’ or ‘sometimes one pole is in daylight’

[3]

13. (a) A and B both answers are required for the mark 1 (L5)

answers may be in any order

(b) (i) any one from 1 (L5)

· the longer the string, the longer it takes

accept the converse

· the longer the string the more time it takes

references to both length and time are required for the mark

(ii) A and C and D answers may be in any order 1 (L5)

accept ‘B and C and D’ if part (a) is correct

all three answers are required for the mark

both answers are required for the mark

[4]

14. (a) they are furthest from the Sun accept ‘they are further from the Sun’ 1

or ‘they are furthest away’ or ‘Pluto is furthest from the Sun’
do not accept ‘they are far from the Sun’

(b) (i) it is below the freezing point of water 1

accept ‘it would freeze’ or ‘it is too cold’

(ii) it is above the boiling point of water 1

accept ‘it would boil’ or ‘it would evaporate’ or ‘it is too hot’
do not accept ‘it would dry up’ or ‘it is too close to the Sun’

(d) Mercury 1

(e) gravity 1

do not accept ‘weight’

[6]

15. (a) Both the correct ball and the correct reason are required for the mark.

the bowling ball because it has the greatest mass or it is the heaviest 1 (L5)

do not accept ‘because it is bigger’

‘the bowling ball because it is bigger’ insufficient

(b) any one from 1 (L5)

· they are the same diameter accept ‘they are the same size’

· they produce the same air resistance or friction

(ii) air resistance accept ‘friction’ 1 (L5)

(iii) either

· the feather and the hammer landed at the same time 1 (L6)
there is no atmosphere or air resistance or air on the moon 1 (L6)

· they would take longer to fall on the moon 1 (L6)
because there is lower gravity than on the Earth 1 (L6)

do not accept ‘there is no gravity on the moon’

[6]

Level 6

16. (a) A 1 (L5)

(b) any one from 1 (L6)

· he will remain stationary accept ‘he floats’

· he will continue moving at a constant speed

accept ‘nothing’

any one from 1 (L6)

· there is no net force

· the pairs of forces are equal

accept ‘all the forces cancel out’

accept ‘they cancel each other out’

accept ‘the forces are balanced’

‘the forces are equal’ is insufficient

[4]

17. (a) a letter E to show that the Earth has travelled through 90° of its orbit 1 (L5)

the letter E must be on the Earth’s orbit

(b) (i) a letter M to show that Mars has travelled through 1 (L6)
less than 90° of its orbit

the letter M must be on the orbit of Mars

(ii) any one from 1 (L6)

· outer planets move more slowly

· it moves more slowly

· outer planets take longer to orbit

· Mars has a longer year accept ‘the orbit of Mars is longer’

or ‘the outer planets have further to go’ accept ‘because Mars takes 1.9 Earth years to orbit the Sun’

the letter V must be on the orbit of Venus

(ii) any one from 1 (L6)

· inner planets move more quickly

· it moves more quickly

· inner planets take less time to orbit

· Venus has a shorter year

accept ‘the orbit of Venus is shorter’ or ‘the inner planets have less far to go’

accept ‘because Venus takes 0.6 Earth years to orbit the Sun’

[5]

18. (a) 150 1

(b) there is nothing to balance the force of the string 1

accept ‘it is pushed by the string’ accept ‘there is a forward force acting on it’ accept ‘potential energy is converted to kinetic energy’ or ‘energy from the bow is transferred to the arrow’

· because they are not in opposite directions

accept ‘because they are in different directions’ or ‘because they are at an angle to each other’ or ‘because they are not both horizontal’
do not accept ‘because they are at an angle’

· because they do not act along the same line

accept ‘gravity pulls down and friction pushes across’

(d) any one from 1

· because the force is concentrated in a much smaller area

accept ‘because the area in contact is smaller’
or ‘because there is a smaller area’