Kinds of Protists: Section 7
Teacher Notes
Algae Eukaryotic organisms that convert the sun’s energy into food
through photosynthesis but that do not have roots, stems, or leaves.
Phytoplankton The microscopic, photosynthetic organisms that float near the surface of
marine or fresh water.
Red Algae Most common form of seaweed. Has chlorophyll in its cells but has a red
pigment.
Green Algae Most common group of protist producers. Main pigment is chlorophyll. Live in water or moist places. Some can be found in melting snow, on a tree trunk, and inside other organisms.
Brown Algae A kind of seaweed in cool climates. They attach to rocks or form large
floating beds in the oceans.
Have chlorophyll and yellow pigment.
Diatoms Live in salt water and fresh water.
Single-celled.
A kind of phytoplankton.
Cell wall is called cellulose.
Contain a glasslike substance called silica.
Have a two-part shell.
Dinoflagellates Single-celled organisms.
Most live in salt water, but some live in fresh water. Some also live in the
snow.
Have two whip like structures called flagella to move through
the water.
Euglenoids Single-celled protists.
Most live in fresh water.
Most are producers and make their own food.
If there is not enough light for photosynthesis, they can become
heterotrophs.
Euglenoids are either full-time producers or decomposers.
Protozoans A heterotrophic protist that is mobile.
There are two categories of protozoans.
Amoeba Soft, jellylike protozoans.
Found in salt and fresh water, soil, and as a parasite in animals.
Although they look shapeless, they are a highly structured cell.
Use a false foot structure called pseudopodia to move.
Amoebas use the pseudopodia to catch food too. This actions forms a
food vacuole to digest food.
Radiolarian and Foraminiferans have shells.
Flagellates Protists that wave flagella back and forth to move.
Some live in water but most live inside other organisms_.
Some flagellates are protists that cause disease.
Ciliates A complex protozoan.
Have hundreds of tiny, hairlike structures called cilia.
Cilia flow back and forth to move the cell.
The most common form of ciliates is the paramecium.
The cell of a ciliate has two forms of nuclei.
The large nucleus called a macronucleus controls the functions of the cell.
The smaller nucleus, the micronucleus, passes genes to another
paramecium during reproduction.
Protists that All spore-forming protists cannot move.
cannot move
Have no flagella or cilia.
Absorb nutrients from their host.
Usually include two or more hosts.
Water molds are also protists that cannot move.
Are small, single-celled organisms.
Live in water, moist soil, or other organisms.
Are decomposers or parasites.
Hosts consist of living plants, animals, algae, or fungi.
Slime molds are protists that move only during a certain phase of their life
cycle.
Look like thin, colorful, shapeless globs of slime.
Live in cool, moist places in the woods or fresh water.
Live as a group of organisms.
Have a nuclei and a single cytoplasm.
Some are single-celled organisms.
Creates spores when the organism is in a stressful environment.
Homework – Review
Using Key Terms (5 points #1, 1 pt #2-5)
1. In your own words, write a definition for the term pathogenic bacteria.
Ex – A pathogenic bacteria is a bacteria that causes disease.
Complete each of the following sentences by choosing the correct term from the word bank.
Binary Fission Endospore
Antibiotic Bioremediation
Virus Bacteria
2. Most bacteria reproduce by binary fission.
3. Bacterial infections can be treated with antibiotic.
4. A(n) virus needs a host to reproduce.
Understanding Key Ideas – Multiple Choice (1 pt each)
5. Bacteria are used for all of the following EXCEPT
a. making certain foods
b. making antibiotics
c. cleaning up oil spills
d. preserving fruit
6. In the lytic cycle, the host cell
a. is destroyed
b. destroys the virus
c. becomes a virus
d. undergoes cell division
7. A bacterial cell
a. is an endospore
b. has a loop of DNA
c. has a distinct nucleus
d. is a eukaryote
8. Eubacteria
a. include methane makers
b. include decomposers
c. all have chlorophyll
d. are rod-shaped
9. Cyanobacteria
a. are consumers
b. are parasites
c. contain chlorophyll
d. are decomposers
10. Archaebacteria
a. are a special type of eubacteria.
b. live only in places without oxygen.
c. are primarily lactic-acid bacteria.
d. can live in hostile environments.
11. Viruses
a. are about the same size as bacteria.
b. have a nuclei.
c. can reproduce only within a host cell.
d. do not infect plants.
12. Bacteria are important to the planet as
a. decomposers of dead organic matter.
b. processors of nitrogen.
c. makers of medicine.
d. All of the above.
Understanding Key Ideas – Short Answer (5 points per answer)
13. How are the functions of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decomposers similar?
Ex – Nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decomposers are similar in that they eat bad organic material.
14. Which cycle takes more time, the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle?
Lysogenic Cycle
15. Describe two ways in which viruses do not act like living things?
15a. Viruses do not eat.
15b. Viruses do not use oxygen
16. What is bioremediation? Bioremediation is the process in which bacteria is being used to clean up pollution.
17. Describe how doctors can treat a viral infection.
Some doctors give the medication of antivirals.
Understanding Key Ideas – Critical Thinking (10 pts each)
Choose two (2) questions below and complete them.
18. Concept Mapping. Use the following terms to create a concept map (Explain how they work together or are related): eubacteria, bacilli, cocci, spirilla, consumers, producers, and cyanobacteria.
Students should explain how they work or are related to each other. Student work will vary.
19. Predicting Consequences. Describe some of the problems you think bacteria might face if there were no humans.
Ex - There would not be as much to break down or consume.
20. Applying Concepts. Many modern soaps contain chemicals that kill bacteria. Describe one good outcome and one bad outcome of the use of antibacterial soaps.
Antibacterial soaps kill pathogenic bacteria on surfaces but can also kill the good bacteria that help the environment.
21. Identifying Relationships. Some people have digestive problems after they take a course of antibiotics. Why do you think these problems happen?
The antibiotics have killed the good bacteria in the digestive system which causes the person to become ill.
Interpreting Graphics
Draw the diagram of binary fission and label each step. (1pt for each drawing, 1 pt for each label) (8 points total)