Kinds of Matter, Classification, and Phases

MATTER

Kinds of Matter, Classification, and Phases

1. Kinds of matter

Pure Substances:

• A pure substance consists of a single kind of matter.
• A pure always has the same “stuff”…. same composition
• A pure substance always has the same set of properties.
• Ex. Table Salt - NaCl

Mixtures

• A mixture consists of two or more pure substances.
• Most of the matter we see around us is composed of mixtures.
• Seawater contains dissolved salts in the water
• River water contains suspended mud - hard water contains salts of calcium, magnesium, and iron as does tap water
• Unlike the constant composition of a simple substance (DISTILLED WATER) the composition of a mixture can be changed. Bring in Sea water; Salt water, River water, Lake Water, Tap water and Distilled Water. Evaporate them and let the investigate the differenced in a simple substance and a mixture
• Look at models of pure substances and mixtures- computer

2. Classification of Matter

Give teams of students a problem to investigate including data from and experiment or a happening that contains pieces of matter. Have them make conclusions on the kinds of MATTER bases on this classification.

3 Phases of matter

There are FOUR main states of matter.

1. Solids
2. Liquids
3. Gases
4. These three maybe taught in K-3

Movement from one phase to another = energy change. Increase energy increase movement. Decrease energy decrease movement. What happens to the phases?

• Each of these states of matter is called a PHASE of Matter
• Elements and compounds can move from one phase to another phase when special physical forces are present.
• Some physical forces are? – Temperature- heating , wind, energy changes

3+1 Liquid and Gas and 3+2 liquid and solid

Develop an experiment to show the phases by changing the movement …. changing the energy. This is a physical change. EX. You can see water vapor over a boiling pot of water. That vapor (or gas) can condense and become a drop of water. If you put that drop in the freezer, it would become a solid. Do an experiment and record the data. Make graphs showing time and temperature to change phases. All must be measured carefully.

1. Plasmas 4-6

State or Phase of Plasma

• Plasma is known as the FOURTH STATE of matter
• Plasma is a state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume; its properties are different from gases in which plasma conduct electric current and gas do not.
• Matter on EARTH in ordinary conditions has electrons that orbit around the atomic nucleus.
• The electrons are bound to the nucleus by electrostatic attraction forces
• If there is a very high temperature the electrons get enough KINETIC energy to escape the atom… outermost orbits.
• When this happens the electrons are no longer trapped in the outer orbits around the nucleus.
• This is the plasma state … the gas becomes a mass or collection of negatively charges electrons which have escaped the pull of the nucleus and ions are positively charged because they have lost one or more electrons
• Stars are made up of material in the plasma State

Diagram- nomenclature for different phase transitions