Sallust 2004 Unseen

(Jugurtha and the Roman generals try to outwit each other)

At that time Jugurtha followed the enemy through the hills, he was looking for a time and place to fight, where he had heard that the enemy would come, he destroyed the food and the fountains of water of which there was a shortage, at one time he showed himself to Metellus (that is he showed himself to Metellus’army) and at another to Marius, he tempted the rearguard in the battle line (i.e. postremos = the soldiers in the final battle lines) or he retreated immediacy into the hills, neither making battle not allowing rest.

Metellus, when he saw that he was being tired by tricks and that no opportunity of fighting was being given by the enemy, decided to attack the great city name Zama. He thought that Jugurtha would come as a help to this own men who were labouring (there) and that there would be battle there. But Jugurtha, when he had found out from escapees what was being prepared, with forced matches he arrived before Metellus and encouraged the townspeople to defend their walls, moreover he promised that he would be there in time with his army

Eo (ipso) tempore / At that (very) time / Tempus, Temporis (n)
Sequor, sequi, secutus sum / I follow
Audierat = Audiverat / He had heard / Pluperfect (3rd pp + Eram)
Venturum esse (venio) / Would come / Future Infinitive
Postremus,-a,-um / Last, final / Postermo = Finally
Agmen, agminis / Battle line / Acies, aciei ( Like Res)
Patior, pati, passus sum / To Suffer/allow/experience
Fatigo –are / I Tire / Fatigari – To Be tired
Video + Acc. + inf.
Ullus, a, um / Any / Nullus = None
Statuo, statuere, statui / To Decide / Constituo, ere, ui, tutum
Reor, reri, ratus sum / I Think (+ Acc + inf.) / Rational
Fore = Futurus esse / Would be
At = Sed / But
Cum + Pluperfect Subj. / When ….. x….had…. / 3pp + issem etc.
Hortor –ari –atus sum / To Encourage / + ut + Subjunctive
Praterea / Moreover
Interea / Meanwhile
Policeor, -eri, policitus sum / I promise

Horace

The man who is upright in life and free of sin
has no need of Moorish spears or a bow
or a quiver heavy with poisoned
arrows, Fuscus,

whether he's about to embark on a journey
through the hot Syrtes or the barren
Caucasus or the places which the Hydaspes
(famous in story) washes.

put me beneath the chariot of the
too-close sun, in a land bereft of houses;
I'll [still] love Lalage, who laughs sweetly
and speaks sweetly.

Livy 2004

(A Carthaginian general leads an attack but is driven back.)

When he was sailing past the coast of Spain, not far from New Carthage, having disembarked his soldiers on land, and having destroyed the nearby territories, from there he drove his fleet to the city. There while he had kept his soldiers in the ships during the day, by night he led them onto the shore to that part of the wall where Carthage had been captured by the Romans; he thought that the city was been held but not sufficiently strong a garrisson and that some of the townspeople would move ad spem novandi res aliquid. Ceteum ?? Frightened messengers brought news from the fields at the same time about the destruction and flight of the countrymen and the arrival of the enemy, and meantime a fleet had been seen and not withour cause it appeard stationed before the chosen city.

therefore the soldiers drawn up and armed were held withidn gate.

Virgil 2004

(Night fall on the eve of battle between Aeneas and Turnus)

Scarcely had he (Turnus) gone out of sight and he was holding the plain when father Aeneas, having entered into the open mountain pass, and having passed over the hill-crest came out into the shaded wood.

Thus both were being brought together rapidly in their complete battle line to the walls and they were not distant from each other by far (lit. by long steps passus –us =step).

As soon as (as soon as = simul ac) Aeneas saw in front of him (prospexit) the plains dim/smoky with dust and the Laurentine battle lines from afar, Turnus also (et) recognised savage Aeneas in arms and he heard the arrival of the foot soldiers and the breathing of the horses.

And immediately they would have entered (ineant) the fights and attempted the battle if rosy Phoebus had not touched his tired horses in the Western sea and with day slipping away brought back the night.

Sallust 2003 Unseen

(The outnumbered Romans are saved by the experienced soldiers)

Therefor the consul found out about the arrival of the enemy from many people (ex multis). Before the consul either drew up (instruere) his army or collected the equipment, the cavalry of Maurus and Gaetulus , not in battle line nor in any mode of battle but in masses, charged at (ran into) our men. They all (qui omnes = our men) scared by the unforseen fear, but nevertheless mindful of their courage began to take arms; some mounted horses, to go to meet the enemy.

The fighting became (fieri) more like a pirate attack than a battle; without standards, without (battle) order, many Romans while fighting most sharply against the enemy were surrounded from behind. Neither their courage nor their arms protected them sufficiently because the enemy were more numerous and the Romans had been surrounded from all sides.

Then the Roman Veterans (experienced soldiers) made circles; and thus drawn up and protected from all sidesat the same time, they sustained the force of the enemy.

Priusquam / Before
Instruo –uere –uxi –uctum / To build up, to marshall / instruct, construct
Colligo / To combine. tie up
Mos, moris / costom
In nostros / Into(against) our Men
Improviso / Unforseen
Metus, us / Fear / Metuo
Memores / mindful of + gen
Pars……Pars / Alii……alii / Some…..others
Obviam ire / To go to meet
Magis Quam / More than
Ordo, ordinis / Line, rank
Tego –ere –exi, tectum / To protect / Tectum/ Tecta
Denique / At last
Vis / Strength / Vir,viri
denique / then, at last, finally

2003 Cicero

I say that you on the previous night had come into the home of Marcus Laecus; that many companions of that same crime had gathered together to that same place. Surely you don’t dare to deny it? For I see here in the senate certain people who were together (una) with you. O immortal gods! There are here in our number, in this most sacred and serious (gravissimo) assembly of the world (orbis terrarum), those who (qui) are planning about the death of us all, who (are planning) about the destruction of this city and to such an extent (adeo) about he (destruction) of the world.

You were therefore at Laeca’s house on that night, Catiline, you distrubuted the parts of Italy, you chose those whom you would leave behind at Rome, those whom you would lead out with you; you allotted parts of the city for burning. You found two Roman knights who promised (polliceor) that they themselves would kill me in my bed that night a little before dawn.

2003 Catullus

(The pet sparrow of Catullus’ girlfriend is dead)

The sparrow of my girl is dead

the sparrow, the delight of my girl

whom she (illa) used to love more than her eyes.

For it was sweet and knew her

as well as a girl knows her own mother

and it used nnot move itself (sese) from her lap

but jumping about now here now there

it used to chirp continually to its mistress alone

now he (qui) goes throught that (illud) dark journey

from where they say that noone (quemquam) returns.

But cursed be you, o cursed darkness of Orcus

you who devour all beautiful things

you have taken away (abstulistis) my so beautiful a sparrow.

Virgil 2003

(Aeneas marvels at the weapons his mother, Venus, gives him)

And so Venus the shining goddess came (was present) through the cloudy sky bringing gifts; and when (ut) she saw her son (natum) by a cool stream hidden far off in a remote valley, she addressed him with these words and brought herself in front of him of her own accord.

“Look the gifts promissed are finished by the skill of my husband so that (lest=ne) you, O son, may not hesitate (dubites) to challenge in battle either the proud Laurentines or the sharp Turnus.”

She spoke and the Cytherean (Venus) cough the embrace of her son, she placed the shining arms under the opposite oak tree.

He (ille) was unable (nequit) to be satisfied at the gifts and the great hounour of the goddess and he rolled (cast) his eyes over each one. (check line 618 Aeneid Book 8).